The Breidjing refugee camp is a camp located in eastern Chad created by the UNHCR and run by the Red Cross, which eventually hosted around 42,000 Sudanese refugees who fled Darfur, Sudan in 2004 after the start of a long armed conflict. This camp is still operating as of 2018.
In February 2003, two rebel groups in Sudan accused the Sudanese government of oppressing the country's non-Arab population. The Sudanese government decided to respond to these accusations with a campaign of religious cleansing against the non-Arab population of Darfur. This resulted in the total death of two and a half million people. That's why many non-Arab families had to flee Darfur to various refugee camps. But more and more Sudanese refugees were arriving in Chad, which is why UNHCR and NGOs such as the Red Cross and Oxfam International saw it necessary to create camps to accommodate them. One of these camps was the Breidjing camp that was developed that same year, at the beginning of the conflict, to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of people who came from Sudan. The camp was located in the neighboring country of Sudan, Chad, located just one kilometer from the village of Breidjing, which had approximately 960 inhabitants.
The inhabitants of the Breidjing camp are families who were persecuted by the militia or who feared for their lives and therefore decided to leave their country for neighboring countries. The refugees who went to live in the countryside had to escape their country quickly, many of them in the middle of the night without having time to take anything. Therefore, most of the refugees in these camps depended heavily on the aid provided by the humanitarian workers of the Red Cross and UNHCR. When the camp began to be inhabited in 2004, there were approximately 2,000 men compared to 8,000 women and about 20,000 boys and girls, over the years these numbers have fluctuated. Today this field is still inhabited, but unfortunately this conflict no longer receives international attention and the focus of media attention has stopped including it which makes this conflict forgotten.
The camp was organized on an esplanade one kilometer from the town, designed to accommodate around 20,000 people. Several tents and tents were erected along the esplanade to provide shelter for the families. Later the population of the camp began to increase and reached a total of 42,000 refugees which is double the number that was planned at the beginning. That's why there were many problems with resources such as water, food, firewood, tents, etc. A large part of the country's population was starving and there was a lack of drinking water, apart from that many animals died from lack of food. As their bodies decomposed they brought disease and polluted the water. It was increasingly difficult to find shelter and food due to the overpopulation of the countryside, for this reason, different NGOs such as Intermón Oxfam wanted to bring drinking water to the countryside and began to dig more wells to obtain water. Usually once a month on the last two days food was distributed in the camp, there were two distribution stations where the refugees could get a ration of food, but as the population grew the amount of food had to increase to be able to feed all the refugees, which required effort by the NGOs. The boys and girls in the countryside also had educational services and activities provided by the NGOs. The government of Chad has made the schools that were created in the camps part of the public school system in order to be able to recognize the degrees obtained in the camp.
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Darfur is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was renamed Dartunjur when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for several hundred years until it was incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. As an administrative region, Darfur is divided into five federal states: Central Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur. Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
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The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population. The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. This resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president, Omar al-Bashir, for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court.
While there is a consensus in the international community that ethnic groups have been targeted in Darfur and that crimes against humanity have therefore occurred, there has been debate in some quarters about whether genocide has taken place there. In May 2006, the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur organized by United Nations "concluded that the Government of the Sudan has not pursued a policy of genocide ... [though] international offences such as the crimes against humanity and war crimes that have been committed in Darfur may be more serious and heinous than genocide." Eric Reeves, a researcher and frequent commentator on Darfur, has questioned the methodology of the commission's report.
Throughout its history, Darfur has been the home to several cultures and kingdoms, like the mythical Tora or the Daju and Tunjur kingdoms. The recorded history of Darfur begins in the seventeenth century, with the foundation of the Fur Sultanate by the Keira dynasty. In 1875, the Anglo-Egyptian Co-dominion in Khartoum ended the dynasty. The British allowed Darfur a measure of autonomy until formal annexation in 1916. However, the region remained underdeveloped through the period of colonial rule and after independence in 1956. The majority of national resources were directed toward the riverine Arabs clustered along the Nile near Khartoum. This pattern of structural inequality and overly underdevelopment resulted in increasing restiveness among Darfuris. The influence of regional geopolitics and war by proxy, coupled with economic hardship and environmental degradation, from soon after independence led to sporadic armed resistance from the mid-1980s. The continued violence culminated in an armed resistance movement around 2003.
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Sudanese refugees are persons originating from the country of Sudan, but seeking refuge outside the borders of their native country. In recent history, Sudan has been the stage for prolonged conflicts and civil wars, as well as environmental changes, namely desertification. These forces have resulted not only in violence and famine but also the forced migration of large numbers of the Sudanese population, both inside and outside the country's borders. Given the expansive geographic territory of Sudan, and the regional and ethnic tensions and conflicts, much of the forced migration in Sudan has been internal. Yet, these populations are not immune to similar issues that typically accompany refugeedom, including economic hardship and providing themselves and their families with sustenance and basic needs. With the creation of a South Sudanese state, questions surrounding southern Sudanese IDPs may become questions of South Sudanese refugees.
By January 2011 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that there are 262,900 Sudanese refugees in Chad. The majority of them left Sudan escaping from the violence of the ongoing Darfur crisis, which began in 2003. UNHCR has given the Sudanese refugees shelter in 12 different camps situated along the Chad–Sudan border. The most pressing issues UNHCR has to deal with in the refugee camps in Chad are related to insecurity in the camps,, malnutrition, access to water, HIV and AIDS, and education.
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South Sudanese refugees are persons originating from the African country of South Sudan, but seeking refuge outside the borders of their native country. The world's youngest independent country has a recent and troubled history of prolonged conflicts and ecosystem mismanagement such as overlogging, which has led to desertification. These forces have resulted not only in violence and famine, but also the forced migration of large numbers of the population, both inside and outside the country's borders. South Sudan was cited as the largest refugee crisis in 2016, being the world's third largest, followed by Syria and Afghanistan. As of 2022, the UNHCR estimated that there were 2.4 million refugees under its mandate originating from South Sudan, making the country the fifth largest source of refugees.
The Darfur genocide is the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people which has occurred during the ongoing conflict in Western Sudan. It has become known as the first genocide of the 21st century. The genocide, which is being carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa tribes, has led the International Criminal Court (ICC) to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. According to Eric Reeves, more than one million children have been "killed, raped, wounded, displaced, traumatized, or endured the loss of parents and families".
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_de_refugiats_de_Breidjing https://vimeo.com/2720732