Gomez's Hamburger

Last updated
Gomez's Hamburger
Gomez's Hamburger.jpg
IRAS 18059-3211 as seen by Hubble
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Sagittarius
Right ascension 18h 09m 13.40s [1]
Declination −32° 10′ 50.0″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)14.4
Characteristics
Spectral type A0III: [2]
Astrometry
Distance 250±50 [3]   pc
Details
Mass 2.5±0.5 [3]   M☉
Luminosity ~15 [4]   L☉
Temperature ~10,000 [5]   K
Other designations
IRAS 18059-3211
Database references
SIMBAD data

Gomez's Hamburger, also known as IRAS 18059-3211, also known as Gomez's Whopper [6] [7] is believed to be a young star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk. [4] It was initially identified as a planetary nebula, and its distance was estimated to be approximately 6500 light-years away from Earth. [8] However, recent results suggest that this object is a young star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, at a distance of about 900 light-years away. [4] [9]

It was discovered in 1985 on sky photographs obtained by Arturo Gómez, support technical staff at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory near Vicuña, Chile. [10] The photos suggested that there was a dark band across the object, but its exact structure was difficult to determine because of the atmospheric turbulence that hampers all images taken from the ground. The star itself has a surface temperature of approximately 10,000 K.

The "buns" are light reflecting off dust. A disk of dust seen nearly exactly edge-on obscures the star and produces the dark band in the middle, the "burger". [4] It has a dim visual magnitude of 14.4.

Possible protoplanet

An emission at the southern part of the disk seen in carbon monoxide imaging, as well as in mid-infrared imaging, was interpreted as a protoplanet candidate. This candidate would have a mass of 0.8-11.4 MJ. [11] Protoplanetary disk can however form disk fragments that are gravitationally bound and can mimic protoplanets. In the case of GoHam b it is not clear if it is a protoplanet or just a disk fragment. [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protoplanet</span> Large planetary embryo

A protoplanet is a large planetary embryo that originated within a protoplanetary disk and has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red Rectangle Nebula</span> Protoplanetary nebula in the constellation Monoceros

The Red Rectangle Nebula, so called because of its red color and unique rectangular shape, is a protoplanetary nebula in the Monoceros constellation. Also known as HD 44179, the nebula was discovered in 1973 during a rocket flight associated with the AFCRL Infrared Sky Survey called Hi Star. The binary system at the center of the nebula was first discovered by Robert Grant Aitken in 1915.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 100546</span> Star in the constellation Musca

HD 100546, also known as KR Muscae, is a pre-main sequence star of spectral type B8 to A0 located 353 light-years from Earth in the southern constellation of Musca. The star is surrounded by a circumstellar disk from a distance of 0.2 to 4 AU, and again from 13 AU out to a few hundred AU, with evidence for a protoplanet forming at a distance of around 47 AU.

HD 97048 or CU Chamaeleontis is a Herbig Ae/Be star 603 ly away in the constellation Chamaeleon. It is a variable star embedded in a dust cloud containing a stellar nursery, and is itself surrounded by a dust disk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 141569</span> Star in the constellation Libra

HD 141569 is an isolated Herbig Ae/Be star of spectral class A2Ve approximately 364 light-years away in the constellation of Libra. The primary star has two red dwarf companions at about nine arcseconds. In 1999, a protoplanetary disk was discovered around the star. A gap in the disk led to speculation about a possible extrasolar planet forming in the disk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">V4046 Sagittarii</span> Young binary star system in the constellation Sagittarius

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 142527</span> Young star in the constellation of Lupus

HD 142527 is a binary star system in the constellation of Lupus. The primary star belongs to the Herbig Ae/Be star class, while the companion, discovered in 2012, is a red dwarf star or accreting protoplanet with a projected separation of less than 0.1″. The system is notable for its circumbinary protoplanetary disk and its discovery has helped refine models of planet formation. The orbit of companion is strongly inclined to the circumbinary protoplanetary disk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MWC 480</span> Star in the Taurus-Auriga star forming region of the constellation Auriga

MWC 480 is a single star, about 500 light-years away in the constellation of Auriga. It is located in the Taurus-Auriga Star-Forming Region. The name refers to the Mount Wilson Catalog of B and A stars with bright hydrogen lines in their spectra. With an apparent magnitude of 7.62, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 169142</span> Pre-main-sequence star in the constellation Sagittarius

HD 169142 is a single Herbig Ae/Be star. Its surface temperature is 7650±150 K. HD 169142 is depleted of heavy elements compared to the Sun, with a metallicity Fe/H index of −0.375±0.125, but is much younger at an age of 7.5±4.5 million years. The star is rotating slowly and has relatively low stellar activity for a Herbig Ae/Be star.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LkCa 15</span> Star system in the constellation Taurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">GG Tauri</span> Star in the constellation Taurus

GG Tauri, often abbreviated as GG Tau, is a quintuple star system in the constellation Taurus. At a distance of about 450 light years away, it is located within the Taurus-Auriga Star Forming Region. The system comprises three stars orbiting each other in a hierarchical triple system, known as GG Tauri A, and another binary star system more distant from the central system, known as GG Tauri B.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IRAS 08544−4431</span> Variable star in the constellation Vela

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDS 70</span> T Tauri-type star in the constellation Centaurus

PDS 70 is a very young T Tauri star in the constellation Centaurus. Located 370 light-years from Earth, it has a mass of 0.76 M☉ and is approximately 5.4 million years old. The star has a protoplanetary disk containing two nascent exoplanets, named PDS 70b and PDS 70c, which have been directly imaged by the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. PDS 70b was the first confirmed protoplanet to be directly imaged.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CI Tauri</span> Star in the constellation Taurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Circumplanetary disk</span> Accumulation of matter around a planet

A circumplanetary disk is a torus, pancake or ring-shaped accumulation of matter composed of gas, dust, planetesimals, asteroids or collision fragments in orbit around a planet. They are reservoirs of material out of which moons may form. Such a disk can manifest itself in various ways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HK Tauri</span> Young binary star system in the constellation of Taurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">GI Tauri and GK Tauri</span> Binary star system in the constellation of Taurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">BF Orionis</span> Young protostar system

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">CQ Tauri</span> Star in the constellation Taurus

CQ Tauri is a young variable star in the equatorial constellation of Taurus. It is too faint to be visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that ranges from 8.7 to 12.25. The distance to this star is approximately 487 light years based on parallax measurements, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of ~23 km/s. It appears to be part of the T-association Tau 4. CQ Tauri lies close enough to the ecliptic to undergo lunar occultations.

References

  1. 1 2 Cutri, Roc M.; et al. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
  2. ↑ Ruiz, Maria Teresa; Blanco, Victor; Maza, Jose; Heathcote, Steve; Phillips, Andrew; Kawara, Kimiaki; Anguita, Claudio; Hamuy, Mario; Gomez, Arturo (1987). "IRAS 18059-3211: Optically Known as Gomez's Hamburger". The Astrophysical Journal. 316: L21. Bibcode:1987ApJ...316L..21R. doi:10.1086/184884.
  3. 1 2 Teague, Richard; Jankovic, Marija R.; Haworth, Thomas J.; Qi, Chunhua; Ilee, John D. (2020). "A three-dimensional view of Gomez's hamburger". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 495 (1): 451. arXiv: 2003.02061 . Bibcode:2020MNRAS.495..451T. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1167.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Bujarrabal, V.; Young, K.; Castro-Carrizo, A. (2009). "The physical conditions in Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211), a pre-MS rotating disk". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 500 (3): 1077. arXiv: 0901.4256 . Bibcode:2009A&A...500.1077B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811233. S2CID   14665434.
  5. ↑ Bujarrabal, V.; Young, K.; Fong, D. (2008). "Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211): A pre main-sequence A-type star". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 483 (3): 839–845. arXiv: 0803.1438 . Bibcode:2008A&A...483..839B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079273. S2CID   5086449.
  6. ↑ Gomez, Arturo (April 19, 2024). "The Astro Whopper". YouTube. Archived from the original on April 22, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
  7. ↑ IOL.com (April 20, 2024). "Burger King® discovers a Whopper 6500 light years away". IOL. Archived from the original on April 22, 2024. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
  8. ↑ "Hubble Astronomers Feast on an Interstellar Hamburger". Space Telescope Science Institute. August 1, 2002. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  9. ↑ Wood, K.; Whitney, B.A.; Robitaille, T.; Draine, B.T. (2008). "Emission from Very Small Grains and PAH Molecules in Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer Codes: Application to the Edge-On Disk of Gomez's Hamburger". Astrophysical Journal . 688 (2): 1118–1123. arXiv: 0807.2398 . Bibcode:2008ApJ...688.1118W. doi:10.1086/592185. S2CID   14444841.
  10. ↑ "Gomez's Hamburger".
  11. ↑ Berné, O.; Fuente, A.; Pantin, E.; Bujarrabal, V.; Baruteau, C.; Pilleri, P.; Habart, E.; Ménard, F.; Cernicharo, J.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.; Joblin, C. (2015-06-01). "Very Large Telescope observations of Gomez's Hamburger: Insights into a young protoplanet candidate". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 578: L8. arXiv: 1504.02735 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526041. ISSN   0004-6361.
  12. ↑ Teague, Richard; Jankovic, Marija R.; Haworth, Thomas J.; Qi, Chunhua; Ilee, John D. (2020-06-01). "A three-dimensional view of Gomez's hamburger". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 495: 451–459. arXiv: 2003.02061 . doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1167. ISSN   0035-8711.
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