The Little Russia Office (Russian: Приказ Малыя Россіи) was a Muscovite state agency (Prikaz) and administrative body of the Tsardom of Muscovy in charge of affairs connected with the Cossack Hetmanate and the Left-bank Ukraine. Created on 10 January 1663 [O.S. 31 December 1662], the office existed until 1722 when it was transformed into the Collegium of Little Russia and moved to Hlukhiv. The Little Russia Office was part of the bigger Ambassadorial Office and since 1671 was chaired by the head of the office.
Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although nearly three decades have passed since the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia.
In Muscovy and in Russia from the 15th to the 18th centuries, a prikaz was an administrative, judicial, territorial, or executive office functioning on behalf of palace, civil, military, or church authorities. The term usually suggests the functionality of a modern "ministry", "office" or "department".
The Cossack Hetmanate, officially known as the Zaporizhian Host was a Ukrainian Cossack host in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764.
Located in Moscow, since 1707 the agency had its resident general in the hetman's capital. Conditions of the office were expressed in articles (or statutes; Russian: статьи) which were concluded with every newly elected Hetman.
Moscow is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits, 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area. Moscow is one of Russia's federal cities.
Pavlo Teteria (1620s–1670) was Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1663–1665). His real name is Pavlo Morzhkovsky. Before his hetmancy he served in a number of high positions under Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and Ivan Vyhovsky.
Chyhyryn is a city and historic site located in the Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine. From 1648 to 1669 the city was a Hetman residence. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see from Kiev in 1658, it became a full-fledged capital of the Cossack Hetmanate. Chyhyryn also became a traditional place for the appointment to the office of Hetman of Zaporizhian Host. Chyhyryn serves as administrative center of Chyhyryn Raion.
Hetman of Zaporizhian Host is a former historic government office and political institution of Cossack Hetmanate in Ukraine that was equivalent to a head of state. The office was liquidated on the edict of Russian Governing Senate of 17 November 1764.
Composition and functions
The prikase consisted of four clerks (dyaks) and 15-40 assistants (podyachny). It controlled the Hetman and its officer council implementing a prikase-voivode system of the Russian administration in Ukraine. The prikase prevented any attempts that were undertaken to succeed Ukraine from Russia in its early stage. In 1722 it was transformed into the Collegium of Little Russia suspending next Hetman elections indefinitely.
Dyak is a historical Russian bureaucratic occupation whose meaning varied over time and approximately corresponded to the notions of "chief clerk" or "chief of office department".
Primary
maintained ties on the tsar's behalf with the hetman's government and representatives in Moscow
kept the tsar informed of developments
gathered intelligence
supervised and supplied the Muscovite garrisons in several of the Hetmanate's towns
mitigated conflicts between them and the people
oversaw the construction of fortresses and bridges
looked after the interests of Russian merchants in Ukraine
issued travel permits
settled jurisdictional disputes
Additionally
monitored the administrative institutions of the Hetman state
monitored the hetman's correspondence with foreign rulers
reviewed the hetman's appointments
interfered in the affairs of the Orthodox church in Ukraine
The Pereyaslav Articles were concluded on October 27, 1659 between Yuri Khmelnytsky, the son of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and the Russian tsar. The treaty drastically limited the Ukrainian (Cossack) autonomy. This second treaty was an aftermath of the Treaty of Hadiach from 16 September 1658 between the Cossacks and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which granted many privileges to Cossacks and thus threatened Russian influence over Cossacks. The articles imposed severe restrictions on Cossack Hetmanate autonomy.
The Moscow Articles of 1665 was an agreement signed on 11 October 1665 between the Cossack Hetmanate Hetman Ivan Briukhovetsky and the Tsardom of Russia.
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The Pereyaslav Council, was an official meeting that convened for ceremonial pledge of allegiance by Cossacks to the Tsar of Muscovy in the town of Pereyaslav in January 1654. The ceremony took place concurrently with ongoing negotiations that started on the initiative of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky to address the issue of Cossack Hetmanate with the ongoing Khmelnytsky Uprising against Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and which concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav. The treaty itself was finalized in Moscow in April 1654.
Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708. It is claimed that he was awarded a title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1707 for his efforts for the Holy League.
Left-bank Ukraine is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv, Poltava and Sumy as well as the eastern parts of Kiev and Cherkasy.
Hetman of Zaporizhian Cossacks is a historical term that has multiple meanings.
Ivan Skoropadsky was a Ukrainian Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, and the successor to the famous Hetman Ivan Mazepa.
Prince Grigory Grigoryevich Romodanovsky was a controversial figure of the Russian foreign policy as a member of the Razryadny Prikase, playing a key role in pursuing leaders of the Little Russian Cossack officers into the union with the Muscovy state. During the Russo-Polish war, he was a leading Russian general of Tsar Alexis's reign who promoted the Tsar's interests in Ukraine.
Petro Dorofeyevych Doroshenko was a Cossack political and military leader, Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1665–1672) and a Russian voyevoda.
Ivan Sirko was a Ukrainian Cossack military leader, Koshovyi Otaman of the Zaporozhian Host and putative co-author of the famous semi-legendary Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks that inspired a major painting by the 19th-century artist Ilya Repin.
Cossack Rada or General Military Council was a general Cossack assembly (council) often military in nature.
The Ruin is a historical term introduced by the Cossack chronicle writer Samiylo Velychko (1670–1728) for the political situation in Ukrainian history during the second half of 17th century.
Ivan Briukhovetsky was a hetman of Left-bank Ukraine from 1663 to 1668. In the early years of rule his was positioned as pro-Russian policies incited a rebellion which he later joined in an attempt to salvage his reputation and authority. Later leader of the Anti-Moscow uprising. His assessments as a rule differ in the part of Ukrainian historians which are supporters Petro Doroshenko.
Acting Hetman or Appointed Hetman was a title during the 17th, and 18th centuries, in the Cossack Hetmanate. The acting hetman was the governing authority in the Cossack Hetmanate temporarily substituted for the Hetman.
Collegium of Little Russia was an administrative body of the Russian Empire in the Hetmanate created for the first time by the ukase of Peter the Great on May 27, 1722 in place of the Little Russia Prikase.
Stepan Lukich Velyaminov was a Russian military and state figure, Major General, President of Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27), privy councilor, senator.
Governing Council of the Hetman Office was a provisional form of the Collegium of Little Russia in the Hetmanate and Sloboda Ukraine that was established by Anna of Russia in 1734.
