On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at

Last updated

On Ilkla Mooar Baht 'at
English: "On Ilkley Moor without a hat"
Ilkla Moor - heather.jpg
Ilkley Moor, setting of the song
Unofficial regional anthem of Yorkshire
LyricsUnknown, 1850s–1870s
MusicThomas Clark [1] , 1805
Ducks on Ilkley Moor, as in the song Ducks on Ilkla Moor.jpg
Ducks on Ilkley Moor, as in the song

"On Ilkla Mooar Baht 'at" (Standard English: On Ilkley Moor without a hat) [2] is a folk song from Yorkshire, England. It is sung in the Yorkshire dialect, and is considered the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire. [3] It is sung to the hymn tune "Cranbrook", composed by Thomas Clark in 1805; while according to Andrew Gant, the words were composed by members of Halifax Church Choir "some 50 years after Clark wrote his melody", on an outing to Ilkley Moor near Ilkley, West Yorkshire. [4] [5] It is classified as numbers 2143 and 19808 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

Contents

Theme

The song tells of a lover courting the object of his affections, Mary Jane, on Ilkley Moor without a hat (baht 'at). The singer chides the lover for his lack of headwear – for in the cold winds of Ilkley Moor this will mean his death from exposure. This will in turn result in his burial, the eating of his corpse by worms, the eating of the worms by ducks and finally the eating of the ducks by the singers.

In The Yorkshire Dictionary (Arnold Kellett, 2002) it was said the song (i.e., the lyrics) probably originated from the Halifax area, based on the dialect which is not common to all areas of Yorkshire.

The title is seen in various transcriptions of the dialect, but is most commonly On Ilkla Mooar [or Moor] baht 'at, i.e. "On Ilkley Moor without [wearing] thy (your) hat". Dr. Arnold Kellett reports the traditional belief that the song "came into being as a result of an incident that took place during a ramble and picnic on the moor. It is further generally believed that the ramblers were all on a chapel choir outing, from one of the towns in the industrial West Riding". [5]

The first published version of the words appeared in 1916, when it was described as "a dialect song which, for at least two generations past, has been sung in all parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire". [6] Arnold Kellett judged that the song "could well have originated in the early years of the second half of the [19th] century, and not as late as 1877". [7]

Tune

It is sung to the Methodist hymn tune "Cranbrook" (composed by Canterbury-based shoemaker Thomas Clark in 1805); this was published by him in 1805 in "A Sett of Psalm & Hymn Tunes with some Select Pieces and an Anthem", setting the words of Philip Doddridge's "Grace! 'Tis a Charming Sound". [8] It was later used as a tune for "While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks By Night"), but the "Ilkla Moor" song became so popular that the origin of the music as a hymn tune has been almost forgotten in the United Kingdom. [9]

Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg
Ilkley Moor Bar T'at
Adapted from Cranbrook
Problems playing this file? See media help.

It is still used for the traditional words "While Shepherds Watched" in some churches including Leeds Parish Church and St Aidan's Church in Manor Parish, Sheffield, but no longer widely recognised as a hymn or carol tune in the United Kingdom.

Cranbrook continues in use as a hymn tune in the United States, where it was not adopted as the tune of a popular secular song and is customarily used with the lyrics of Philip Doddridge's "Grace! 'Tis a Charming Sound". [10] [11]

Collected versions

EFDSS director Douglas Kennedy collected a version in 1917 from a performer in Ilkley named Wilfred Hall, which was later printed in his son Peter Kennedy's book Folksongs of Britain & Ireland (1975). [12]

Several audio recordings have been made of traditional versions. Ken Stubbs recorded Albert Gartside of Delph in the West Riding singing the song in 1964, [13] whilst Fred Hamer recorded William Bleasdale singing a version in the village of Chipping in Lancashire some time in the 1950s or 60s. [14] The American folklorist Helen Hartness Flanders recorded a version in her hometown of Springfield, Vermont [15] and another in Naushon Isle, Massachusetts [16] in the 1940s, suggesting that the song had made its way to North America with immigrants from Yorkshire.

Lyrics

The lyrics consist of a sequence of similar verses, each consisting of seven lines, with one mutable element: while the first, third and fourth lines are the same in each verse, they change with each following verse. In these lines, the words on the last two beats are repeated in the first and third lines, but not in the fourth line. The other lines do not change; all verses feature the same second, fifth, sixth and seventh lines, "On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at".

Lyrics in Yorkshire dialectLyrics with spelling, but not grammar, standardisedInterpretation in Standard English
Wheear es-ta bin sin Ah saw thee, Ah saw thee?Where has thou been since I saw thee, I saw thee?Where have you been since I saw you, I saw you?
    On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at    On Ilkley Moor but [lower-alpha 1] hat    On Ilkley Moor without a hat
Wheear es-ta bin sin Ah saw thee, Ah saw thee?
Wheear es-ta tha bin sin Ah saw thee?		Where has thou been since I saw thee, I saw thee?
Where hast thou been since I saw thee?		Where have you been since I saw you, I saw you?
Where have you been since I saw you?
    On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at
    On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at
    On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at		    On Ilkley Moor but hat
    On Ilkley Moor but hat
    On Ilkley Moor but hat		    On Ilkley Moor without a hat
    On Ilkley Moor without a hat
    On Ilkley Moor without a hat
Tha's been a-cooartin' Mary JaneThou has been a-courting Mary JaneYou've been courting Mary Jane
Tha's bahn to ketch thi deeath o' cowdThou is bound to catch thy death of coldYou're bound to catch your death of cold
Then we s'll 'e to bury theeThen we shall have to bury theeThen we will have to bury you
Then t'wurrums'll come an' eyt thee upThen the worms will come and eat thee upThen the worms will come and eat you up
Then t'ducks'll come an' eyt up t'wurrumsThen the ducks will come and eat up the wormsThen the ducks will come and eat up the worms
Then we s'll come an' eyt up t'ducksThen we shall come and eat up the ducksThen we will come and eat up the ducks
Then we s'll all 'e etten theeThen we shall all have eaten theeThen we will all have eaten you
That's wheear we get us ooan backThat's where we get us own backThat's where we get our own back

The lyrics include many features of the Yorkshire dialect such as definite article reduction, H-dropping, and traditional second-person singular pronouns.

Many sources [17] [18] give the first line as "Wheear wor-ta bahn when Ah saw thee?" (Where were you going when I saw you), though "Wheear es-ta bin sin Ah saw thee" is the more common version nowadays.

Some singers add the responses "without tha trousers on" after the fourth line of each verse, and "where the ducks play football" after the seventh. Other variations include "where the nuns play rugby", "where the sheep fly backwards", "where the ducks fly backwards", "where the ducks wear trousers", "an' they've all got spots", and "where they've all got clogs on".

Also in some recitals, after the first two lines of "On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at" it is followed by a "Where's that?". Another variant adds "Howzat?" after the first line and "Not out!" after the second. In Leeds the line immediately before the chorus is often ended with "And we all got wet". In the United States, "Then we will go and eat up the ducks" is often followed by a shouted "Up the Ducks!"[ citation needed ]

There are also alternative endings, where verse nine states: "There is a moral to this tale", and is followed by a chorus of "Don't go without your hat / Don't go without your hat / On Ilkey moor baht 'at" (which is sung commonly within West Yorkshire), or "Don't go a courtin' Mary Jane" (another variation known in the Scouting movement). Alternatively, verse nine is sung as "There is a moral to this tale", and verse ten as "When courtin' always wear a hat".

Usage

Television

Commercial recordings

Other usage

Related Research Articles

"Lily of the West" is a traditional British and Irish folk song, best known today as an American folk song, listed as number 957 in the Roud Folk Song Index. The American version is about a man who travels to Louisville and falls in love with a woman named Mary, Flora or Molly, the eponymous Lily of the West. He catches Mary being unfaithful to him, and, in a fit of rage, stabs the man she is with, and is subsequently imprisoned. In spite of this, he finds himself still in love with her. In the original version, the Lily testifies in his defense and he is freed, though they do not resume their relationship.

"Christmas Is Coming" is a traditional nursery rhyme and Christmas song frequently sung as a round. It is listed as number 12817 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

"Foggy Dew" or "Foggy, Foggy Dew" is an English folk song with a strong presence in the South of England and the Southern United States in the nineteenth century. The song describes the outcome of an affair between a weaver and a girl he courted. It is cataloged as Laws No. O03 and Roud Folk Song Index No. 558. It has been recorded by many traditional singers including Harry Cox, and a diverse range of musicians including Benjamin Britten, Burl Ives, A.L. Lloyd and Ye Vagabonds have arranged and recorded popular versions of the song.

"We Wish You a Merry Christmas" is an English Christmas carol, listed as numbers 230 and 9681 in the Roud Folk Song Index. The famous version of the carol is from the English West Country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Raggle Taggle Gypsy</span> Traditional folk song

"The Raggle Taggle Gypsy" (Roud 1, Child 200), is a traditional folk song that originated as a Scottish border ballad, and has been popular throughout Britain, Ireland and North America. It concerns a rich lady who runs off to join the gypsies (or one gypsy). Common alternative names are "Gypsy Davy", "The Raggle Taggle Gypsies O", "The Gypsy Laddie(s)", "Black Jack David" (or "Davy") and "Seven Yellow Gypsies".

"The Wild Rover" is a very popular and well-travelled folk song. Many territories have laid claim to having the original version.

John Strachan (1875–1958) was a Scottish farmer and Traditional singer of Bothy Ballads including several old and influential versions of the famous Child Ballads. He had a huge repertoire of traditional songs, and was recorded by the likes of James Madison Carpenter, Alan Lomax and Hamish Henderson.

"Young Beichan", also known as "Lord Bateman", "Lord Bakeman", "Lord Baker", "Young Bicham" and "Young Bekie", is a traditional folk ballad categorised as Child ballad 53 and Roud 40. The earliest versions date from the late 18th century, but it is probably older, with clear parallels in ballads and folktales across Europe. The song was popular as a broadside ballad in the nineteenth century, and survived well into the twentieth century in the oral tradition in rural areas of most English speaking parts of the world, particularly in England, Scotland and Appalachia.

The Farmer's Curst Wife is a traditional English language folk song listed as Child ballad number 278 and number 160 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

"The Knight and the Shepherd’s Daughter" is an English ballad, collected by Francis James Child as Child Ballad 110 and listed as number 67 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

"Edward" is a traditional murder ballad existing in several variants, categorised by Francis James Child as Child Ballad number 13 and listed as number 200 in the Roud Folk Song Index. The ballad, which is at least 250 years old, has been documented and recorded numerous times across the English speaking world into the twentieth century.

Here We Come A-wassailing, also known as Here We Come A-Christmasing,Wassail Song and by many other names, is a traditional English Christmas carol and New Year song, typically sung whilst wassailing, or singing carols, wishing good health and exchanging gifts door to door. It is listed as number 209 in the Roud Folk Song Index. Gower Wassail and Gloucestershire Wassail are similar wassailing songs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">While shepherds watched their flocks</span> Christmas carol

"While shepherds watched their flocks" is a traditional Christmas carol describing the Annunciation to the Shepherds, with words attributed to Irish hymnist, lyricist and England's Poet Laureate Nahum Tate. It is listed as number 16898 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

Dives and Lazarus is traditional English folk song listed as Child ballad 56 and number 477 in the Roud Folk Song Index. It is considered a Christmas carol and based on the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. The song traditionally used a variety of tunes, but one particular tune, published by Lucy Broadwood in 1893 and used in other traditional songs, inspired many notable works and appeared in several pieces composed by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

The song "All Around my Hat" is of nineteenth-century English origin. In an early version, dating from the 1820s, a Cockney costermonger vowed to be true to his fiancée, who had been sentenced to seven years' transportation to Australia for theft and to mourn his loss of her by wearing green willow sprigs in his hatband for "a twelve-month and a day", the willow being a traditional symbol of mourning. The song was made famous by Steeleye Span, whose rendition may have been based on a more traditional version sung by John Langstaff, in 1975.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Derby Ram</span> Traditional song

"The Derby Ram" or "As I was Going to Derby" is a traditional tall tale English folk song that tells the story of a ram of gargantuan proportions and the difficulties involved in butchering, tanning, and otherwise processing its carcass.

Thomas Clark (1775–1859) was a Canterbury shoemaker (cordwainer) and a prolific composer of West Gallery music, especially for the Nonconformist churches of the South East of England. Sally Drage, writing in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, notes that he was 'particularly influential as the composer of early Sunday School collections'.

"Cranbrook", also known as "Northampton", is a hymn tune composed in the 1790s or early 1800s by Thomas Clark (1775–1859), a cobbler from Canterbury, and is best known as the tune to the Yorkshire "national anthem" "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at".

"The Farmer's Boy" is a traditional English folk song or ballad, listed as number 408 in the Roud Folk Song Index. It has been arranged as a military march.

"The Maid of Amsterdam", also known as "A-Roving", is a traditional sea shanty. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 649.

References

  1. ↑ Adams, Stephen (15 December 2009). "Carol 'While Shepherds Watch' was sung to 'Ilkley Moor' tune". Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  2. ↑ "Word Recognition". Yorkshire Dialect Society. 29 October 2007.
  3. ↑ "The National Anthem of Yorkshire 'God's own county'". DKSnakes.co.uk. 24 October 2007. Archived from the original on 12 September 2007.
  4. ↑ Gant, Andrew. Christmas Carols from Village Green to Church Choir. Profile Books. p. 114. ISBN   978-1-78125-352-6.
  5. 1 2 Kellett, Arnold (1998). On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at: the story of the song. Smith Settle. p. 55. ISBN   1-85825-109-5. We can at least clear the ground by looking at the most widely accepted tradition that On Ilkla Mooar came into being as a result of an incident that took place during a ramble and picnic on the moor. It is further generally believed that the ramblers were all on a chapel choir outing, from one of the towns in the industrial West Riding.
  6. ↑ Kellett, Arnold (1998). On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at: the story of the song. Smith Settle. p. 83. ISBN   1-85825-109-5.
  7. ↑ Kellett, Arnold (1998). On Ilkla Mooar baht 'at: the story of the song. Smith Settle. p. 89. ISBN   1-85825-109-5.
  8. ↑ Gant, Andrew. Christmas Carols from Village Green to Church Choir. Profile Books. pp. 113–5. ISBN   978-1-78125-352-6.
  9. ↑ Ian C. Bradley (1997), Abide with me: the world of Victorian hymns, p. 9, ISBN   978-1-57999-010-7
  10. ↑ See, e.g., John P. Wiegand, editor, Praise for the Lord (Expanded edition) (Nashville, TN: Praise Press / 21st Century Christian, 1997), Item 199.
  11. ↑ "Grace! 'Tis a Charming Sound". Cyberhymnal. Retrieved 7 November 2008. But note that the default tune here is not Cranbrook.
  12. ↑ "On Ilkla Moor Bah T'at (Roud Folksong Index S156942)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  13. ↑ "On Ilkley Moor [On Oldham Edge] (VWML Song Index SN29578)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  14. ↑ "On Ilkley Moor Baht 'At (Roud Folksong Index S431076)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  15. ↑ "On Ilkla Mor Beart At (Roud Folksong Index S272543)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  16. ↑ "On Ilkla Mor Beart At (Roud Folksong Index S272544)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  17. ↑ "On Ilkley Moor Baht 'at (On Ilkley Moor Without a Hat • Yorkshire's "National Anthem")". Msgr.ca. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  18. ↑ "On Ilkley Moor Baht 'At". Ilkley.org. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  19. ↑ "Bill Oddie On Ilkla Moor Baht'at UK Promo 7" vinyl single". Eil.com. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  20. ↑ "On Ilkley Moor Bar T'at (Roud Folksong Index S403622)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  21. ↑ "Liberator: The Songbook – The Glory Days". Hpcc.ecs.soton.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  22. ↑ "Yorkshire aims at youth with its cannibalistic anthem". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  23. ↑ "Eric Fenby: unsung hero of music". Thompsonian. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  1. ↑ meaning "without," a sense which in Standard English is restricted to phrases like "everything but the kitchen sink"; see https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baht#Etymology_2

Published versions

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.