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Levites or Levi are Jewish males who claim patrilineal descent from the Tribe of Levi. The Tribe of Levi descended from Levi, the third son of Jacob and Leah. The surname Halevi, which consists of the Hebrew definite article "ה" Ha- ('the') plus Levi ('Levite'), is not conclusive regarding being a Levite; a titular use of HaLevi indicates being a Levite. The daughter of a Levite is a Bat Levi.
The Abravanel family, also spelled as Abarbanel, Abrabanel, Avravanel, Barbernell, or Barbanel – literally meaning Ab ("father") rabban ("priest") el – is one of the oldest and most distinguished Jewish families. It first achieved prominence on the Iberian peninsula during the Middle Ages. Its members claim to trace their origin to the biblical King David. Members of this family lived in Seville, Córdoba, Castile-Leon, and Calatayud. Seville is where its most prominent representative, Don Judah Abravanel, once dwelt.
Vidal Benveniste de Porta was the Jewish batlle of Barcelona, Girona and Leida and a brother of Nahmanides.
Halakha addresses a number of topics applicable to tobacco and cigarette smoking. These include the health impacts of smoking; the permissibility of smoking on holidays and fast days, and the impacts of second-hand smoke on other people.
The Spanish Benveniste family is an old, noble, wealthy, and scholarly Jewish family of Narbonne, France and northern Spain established in the 11th century. The family was present in the 11th to the 15th centuries in Hachmei Provence, France, Barcelona, Aragon and Castile.
Gracia Mendes Nasi (1510–1569), also known as Doña Gracia or La Señora, was a Portuguese philanthropist and one of the wealthiest Jewish women of Renaissance Europe. She married Francisco Mendes/Benveniste. She was the maternal aunt and business partner of João Micas, who became a prominent figure in the politics of the Ottoman Empire. She also developed an escape network that saved hundreds of Conversos from the Inquisition. Her name – Graça in Portuguese – Gracia is Spanish for the Hebrew Hannah, which means Grace; she was also known by her Christianized name Beatriz (Beatrice) de Luna Miques.
Joseph ben Joshua ben Meïr ha-Kohen was a historian and physician of the 16th century.
Joseph ben Shem-Tov ibn Shem-Tov was a prolific Judæo-Spanish writer born in Castile. He lived in various cities of Spain: Medina del Campo de Leon (1441); Alcalá de Henares (1451); and Segovia (1454).
Profiat Duran, full Hebrew name Isaac ben Moses ha-Levi; was a Jewish apologist/polemicist, philosopher, physician, grammarian, and controversialist in the 14th century. He was later sometimes referred to by the sobriquet Efodi (האפודי) through association with his two grammars entitled "Ephod." After being forcibly converted in 1391, he also appears in official records under his converso Christian name Honoratus de Bonafide. After escaping Spain, he returned to practicing Judaism openly, and wrote a number of works including polemics against Christianity and grammar.
Chushiel ben Elchanan was president of the bet ha-midrash at Kairouan, Tunisia toward the end of the 10th century. He was most probably born in Italy, but his origins and travels remain obscure, and his eventual arrival in Kairwan is the subject of a well-known story.
Solomon ibn Verga or Salomón ben Verga was a Spanish historian, physician, and author of the Shevet Yehudah.
Simeon ben Zemah Duran, also Tzemach Duran, known as Rashbatz (רשב"ץ) or Tashbatz was a Rabbinical authority, student of philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and especially of medicine, which he practised for a number of years at Palma de Mallorca. A major 15th century posek, his published decisions in matters of halakha have been widely quoted in halakhic literature for hundreds of years.
Jacob ben Solomon ibn Habib was a rabbi and talmudist, best known as the author of Ein Yaakov, a compilation of all the Aggadic material in the Talmud together with commentaries.
De la Caballeria , Sephardic family of Aragon, Spain, widely ramified, and influential through its wealth and scholarship, especially in Saragossa. The family descended from Solomon ibn Labi de la Caballeria, who had nine sons.
Jerónimo de Santa Fe was a Spanish physician and religious writer who, after conversion to Catholicism from Judaism, wrote in Latin as Hieronymus de Sancta Fide.
Moses Amon also known as Moses Hamon (Amon) was the son of Joseph Hamon, born in Spain. Going with his father to Constantinople, he became physician to Suleiman the Magnificent. This "famous prince and great physician," as he is called by Judah ibn Verga, accompanied the monarch on all his expeditions, enjoying great favor on account of his knowledge and skill.
Joshua ben Joseph ibn Vives al-Lorqui was a Spanish-Jewish physician who lived at Alcañiz. In 1408, at the command of the rich and influential Benveniste ben Solomon ben Labi, he wrote a work in Arabic on the value and effects of various foodstuffs and of simple and composite medicaments. It was translated into Hebrew, under the title Gerem ha-Ma'alot, by Benveniste's son, Joseph Vidal.
Joseph Vidal ibn Labi was a prominent Spanish-Jewish scholar and orator, son of the philosopher Solomon ibn Labi. He lived at Saragossa, and was one of the 25 rabbis who by order of antipope Benedict XIII assisted at the disputation of Tortosa, where he distinguished himself by his oratorical ability.
The 1066 Granada massacre took place on 30 December 1066 when a Muslim mob stormed the royal palace in Granada, in the Taifa of Granada, killed and crucified the Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela, and massacred much of the Jewish population of the city.
Sheshet ben Isaac ben Joseph Benveniste was a French Jewish physician and writer. Like Isaac Benveniste, who is supposed to have been his father, he was styled "Nasi" (prince). According to one source Al-Harizi called him the "pillar of the world and the foundation-stone of all pietists".
References
- Ibn Verga, Shebeṭ Yehudah, ed. Wiener, pp. 68 et seq.
- Grätz, Gesch. der Juden, 3d ed., viii. 414 et seq.
- Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 804.
- Yitzhak Baer, A History of the Jews in Christian Spain, Vol II
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Benveniste". The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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