Carlisle & Finch is a manufacturer of nautical equipment in Cincinnati, Ohio. For most of its history, the company has focused on searchlights, especially for marine applications; variants of this design have also been used for navigation beacons by airports and lighthouses. The company is considered the first in the US to produce electric toy trains (example pictured), introducing innovations such as using the rails to conduct electrical power to the cars. They were the first to manufacture and market trains in volume, which they did for about the first 20 years of operation. Other early products included electric generators; the earliest small models were intended to power train sets, but they later produced larger units. Gasoline engines for marine use were made under the Clifton Motor Works brand. They also produced electric-powered appliances such as clothes dryers. Since the start of World War I, Carlisle & Finch has concentrated on high-power lighting. ( Full article... )
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Hafnium is a chemical element; it has symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1922, by Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy. Hafnium is named after the Latin name for Copenhagen, where it was discovered. The element is obtained only by separation from zirconium, with most of the world's hafnium production coming from processes that also produce zirconium. These processes make use of heavy mineral sands ore deposits, which include the minerals zircon, rutile, and ilmenite, among others. This photograph shows the front and back sides of four pellets of 99.9%-pure argon-arc remelted hafnium ingots, with visible crystalline structures. Each pellet is about 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter. The visible colours are caused by a thin-film effect in the surface oxide layer. Photograph credit: Heinrich Pniok Recently featured: |