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John Quincy Adams was an American statesman,diplomat,lawyer,and diarist who served as the 6th president of the United States,from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the 8th United States Secretary of State from 1817 to 1825. During his long diplomatic and political career,Adams also served as an ambassador,and as a member of the United States Senate and House of Representatives representing Massachusetts. He was the eldest son of John Adams,who served as the second U.S. president from 1797 to 1801,and First Lady Abigail Adams. Initially a Federalist like his father,he won election to the presidency as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party,and in the mid-1830s became affiliated with the Whig Party.
The Cabinet of the United States is a body consisting of the vice president of the United States and the heads of the executive branch's departments in the federal government of the United States. It is the principal official advisory body to the president of the United States. The president chairs the meetings but is not formally a member of the Cabinet. The heads of departments,appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate,are members of the Cabinet,and acting department heads also participate in Cabinet meetings whether or not they have been officially nominated for Senate confirmation. The president may designate heads of other agencies and non-Senate-confirmed members of the Executive Office of the President as members of the Cabinet.
The United States secretary of state is an officer of the United States who implements foreign policy for the U.S. government as the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Cabinet,and ranks the first in the U.S. presidential line of succession among Cabinet secretaries.
The 1824 United States presidential election was the tenth quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Tuesday,October 26 to Wednesday,December 1,1824. Andrew Jackson,John Quincy Adams,Henry Clay and William Crawford were the primary contenders for the presidency. The result of the election was inconclusive,as no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote. In the election for vice president,John C. Calhoun was elected with a comfortable majority of the vote. Because none of the candidates for president garnered an electoral vote majority,the U.S. House of Representatives,under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment,held a contingent election. On February 9,1825,John Quincy Adams was elected as president without getting the majority of the electoral vote or the popular vote,being the only president to do so.
The 1828 United States presidential election was the 11th quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Friday,October 31 to Tuesday,December 2,1828. It featured a rematch of the 1824 election,as President John Quincy Adams of the National Republican Party faced Andrew Jackson of the Democratic Party. Both parties were new organizations,and this was the first presidential election their nominees contested.
The 27th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government,consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington,D.C. between March 4,1841,and March 4,1843,during the one-month administration of U.S. President William Henry Harrison and the first two years of the presidency of his successor,John Tyler. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. Both chambers had a Whig majority.
Charles Francis Adams Sr. was an American historical editor,writer,politician,and diplomat. He was a son of President John Quincy Adams,and grandson of President John Adams,about whom he wrote a major biography. He had two daughters and five sons,including John Quincy Adams II,Charles Francis Adams Jr.,Henry Adams,and Brooks Adams.
William Harris Crawford was an American politician and judge during the early 19th century. He served as US Secretary of War and US Secretary of the Treasury before he ran for US president in the 1824 election.
Robert Smith was the second United States Secretary of the Navy from 1801 to 1809 and the sixth United States Secretary of State from 1809 to 1811. He was the brother of Senator Samuel Smith.
John Forsyth Sr. was a 19th-century American politician from Georgia. He represented the state in both the House of Representatives and the Senate,and also served as the 33rd Governor of Georgia. As a supporter of the policies of President Andrew Jackson,Forsyth was appointed secretary of state by Jackson in 1834,and continued in that role until 1841 during the presidency of Martin Van Buren.
Charles Francis "Deacon" Adams III was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the prominent American Adams family,was the United States Secretary of the Navy under President Herbert Hoover and a well-known yachtsman.
Richard Rush was the 8th United States Attorney General and the 8th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He also served as John Quincy Adams's running mate on the National Republican ticket in 1828.
Adams National Historical Park,formerly Adams National Historic Site,in Quincy,Massachusetts,preserves the home of United States presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams,of U.S. envoy to Great Britain Charles Francis Adams,and of writers and historians Henry Adams and Brooks Adams.
Captain George Graham,a Virginia planter,lawyer,soldier and politician became an early federal government bureaucrat. He twice served as acting United States Secretary of War,including during the transition between the administrations of Presidents James Madison and James Monroe (1816-1817),as well as Commissioner of the General Land Office (1823-1830) under Presidents John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson.
John Quincy Adams II was an American lawyer,politician,and member of the Adams political family. He represented Quincy in the Massachusetts House of Representatives for four non-consecutive terms and was a leader in the Massachusetts Democratic Party after the American Civil War,serving as the party's nominee for governor in every annual election from 1867 to 1871.
The presidency of John Quincy Adams,began on March 4,1825,when John Quincy Adams was inaugurated as President of the United States,and ended on March 4,1829. Adams,the sixth United States president,took office following the 1824 presidential election,in which he and three other Democratic-Republicans—Henry Clay,William H. Crawford,and Andrew Jackson—sought the presidency. There was no preliminary party primary six months before the general election,as became the custom. No candidate won a majority of Electoral College votes,and so the United States House of Representatives chose the president in a contingent election. With the help of Clay,Adams was elected by the House,and Clay became Adams's Secretary of State. His presidency ended following his defeat in the 1828 presidential election by Jackson.
John Young Mason was a United States Representative from Virginia,the 16th and 18th United States Secretary of the Navy,the 18th Attorney General of the United States,United States Minister to France and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.
The Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences (1816–1838) was a literary and science institution in Washington,D.C.,founded by Dr. Edward Cutbush (1772–1843),a naval surgeon. Thomas Law had earlier suggested of such a society "at the seat of government." It was the first "learned society" established in Washington and was organized on June 28,1816,sixteen years after the city was occupied,and less than two years after the invasion by the British troops. The second article of its constitution states:"The Institute shall consist of mathematical,physical,moral and political sciences,general literature and fine arts."
American politician John Quincy Adams served as President of the United States (1825–1829) and United States Secretary of State (1817–1825). Prior to being president,he had served as United States Senator from Massachusetts (1803–1808) and had diplomatic experience as United States Minister to United Kingdom (1815–1817),Russia (1809–1814),Prussia (1797–1801) and the Netherlands (1794–1797). After losing the 1828 presidential election,he served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts for 17 years. He is the only American president to be elected to the House of Representatives after leaving office.
Relations between the Federal Republic of Central America,also known as the Central American Federation,and the United States were formally established in 1824 following the Federation's independence from Spain. Relations lasted until 1841 when the Federation dissolved and relations with the United States continued among the newly independent former member states of Costa Rica,El Salvador,Guatemala,Honduras,and Nicaragua.
References
- Daniel Carroll Brent at the Office of the Historian
- Plischke, Elmer (1999). U.S. Department of State: A Reference History. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313291268.
