He was born John Roos, the son of Rev. John Roos, rector of Widmerpool, Nottinghamshire. In 1725, he succeeded to the estates of his uncle Thomas Stanwix and adopted the name of Stanwix.
Stanwix entered the army in 1706, rose to a captain of the grenadiers in 1739, major of marines in 1741, and lieutenant-colonel in 1745, and was appointed equerry to Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1749. In 1750, he was appointed Governor of Carlisle, and also represented the town in the British parliament as the Member of Parliament for Carlisle (1741–42 and 1746–61).
In 1754, he became deputy quartermaster-general of the forces, and on 1 January 1756 he was made colonel-commandant of the 1st battalion of the 60th or Royal American Regiment. On his arrival in North America, he was given the command of the southern district. During 1757 his headquarters were at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and he was appointed brigadier-general on 27 December of that year.
Aerial photo of a modern reconstruction of Fort Stanwix
After his relief by General John Forbes in 1758, General Stanwix went to Albany, New York, whence he was ordered to the Oneida carrying-place, to secure that important position by the erection of a work which was called Fort Stanwix in his honor. This was later the location of the signing of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768. In 1759, Stanwix returned to Pennsylvania, built and named Fort Pitt, and surmounted the works with cannon. He worked with George Croghan, the deputy superintendent of Indian affairs, to secure the good will of the Indians.
Final years and disappearance
On 19 June 1759, Stanwix was appointed major-general, but he was relieved by General Robert Monckton on 4 May 1760, and became lieutenant-general on 19 January 1761. After his return to England, he was appointed lieutenant-governor of the Isle of Wight and made colonel successively of the 49th Regiment of Foot (1761–1764) and the 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot (1764–1766).
Field Marshal Henry Seymour Conway was a British general and statesman. A brother of the 1st Marquess of Hertford, and cousin of Horace Walpole, he began his military career in the War of the Austrian Succession. He held various political offices including Chief Secretary for Ireland, Secretary of State for the Southern Department, Leader of the House of Commons and Secretary of State for the Northern Department. He eventually rose to the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces.
Lieutenant-General John Manners, Marquess of Granby was a British Army officer, politician and nobleman. The eldest son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland, as he did not outlive his father and inherit the dukedom, Manners was known by his father's subsidiary title, Marquess of Granby. He served in the military during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and the Seven Years' War, being subsequently rewarded with the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. Manners was popular with the troops who served under him and many British pubs are still named after him today.
John Forbes was a Scottish professional soldier who served in the British Army from 1729 until his death in 1759.
Field Marshal John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll, styled Marquess of Lorne from 1761 to 1770, was a Scottish soldier and nobleman. After serving as a junior officer in Flanders during the War of the Austrian Succession, he was given command of a regiment and was redeployed to Scotland where he opposed the Jacobites at Loch Fyne at an early stage of the Jacobite Rebellion and went on to fight against them at the Battle of Falkirk Muir and then at the Battle of Culloden. He later became adjutant-general in Ireland and spent some 20 years as a Member of Parliament before retiring to Inveraray Castle.
Field Marshal John Griffin Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, KB, was a British Army officer, politician and peer. He served as a junior officer with the Pragmatic Army in the Dutch Republic and Germany during the War of the Austrian Succession. After changing his surname to Griffin in 1749, he commanded a brigade at the Battle of Corbach in July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. He also commanded a brigade at the Battle of Warburg and was wounded at the Battle of Kloster Kampen.
Field Marshal Studholme Hodgson was a British Army officer who served during the 18th century. After serving as an Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of Cumberland at the Battle of Fontenoy during the War of the Austrian Succession and at the Battle of Culloden during the Jacobite Rebellion, he became correspondent to William Barrington, the Secretary at War, during the French and Indian War. He went on to command the British expedition which captured Belle Île in June 1761 during the Seven Years' War so enabling the British Government to use the island as a bargaining piece during the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
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General John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll, KT, PC was a Scottish military officer, Whig politician and peer who sat in the British House of Commons from 1713 to 1761.
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Field Marshal William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt, was a British nobleman and British Army officer. He served as an aide-de-camp to Lord Albemarle for the expedition to Havana during the Seven Years' War. He also commanded his regiment at the Battle of White Plains and then captured General Charles Lee at Basking Ridge during the American Revolutionary War. After that he commanded the British Cavalry at the Battle of Willems during the Flanders Campaign. He succeeded the Duke of York as commander during that campaign and oversaw the British retreat and their final evacuation from Bremen. His last main military role was as Governor of the Royal Military College at Great Marlow.
George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle KG PC, styled Viscount Bury until 1754, was a British general and nobleman. He is best known for his decisive victory over the Spanish during capture of Havana in 1762, as part of the Seven Years' War.
General Sir Charles Howard KB, styled The Honourable from birth, was a British soldier and politician.
Lieutenant-General James Durand was a British soldier.
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Henry Holmes was a British army officer, Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Wight (1754–62), and Member of Parliament (MP) for Newtown (1741–47) and Yarmouth (1747–62).
Brigadier General Thomas Stanwix was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1702 to 1725. He served as Governor of Gibraltar.
John Craufurd was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1761 and 1764.
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