List of equipment used by Russian people's militias in Ukraine

Last updated

This is a list of equipment of the armed forces of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic currently used in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Contents

DPR 1st Army Corps forces emblem Emblem of the Donetsk People's Militia.svg
DPR 1st Army Corps forces emblem
LPR 2nd Army Corps forces emblem Patch of the People's Militia of Lugansk People's Republic.svg
LPR 2nd Army Corps forces emblem

Small arms

Pistols

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
Tokarev TT-33 [1] Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Tokarev TT33 (6825679152).jpg 8-round magazine. Limited usage.
Makarov PM [1] Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Pistolet Makarova.png 8-round magazine. Most commonly used pistol by the pro-Russian separatists.
Stechkin APS [1] Machine pistol 9×18mm Makarov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Stechkin-APS.jpg 20-round magazine.
Type 54 pistol Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China Chinese Tok.jpg At least one was documented in Severodonetsk in 2019. [2]

Submachine guns

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
PPSh-41 [1] Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Pistolet-pulemet sistemy Shpagina obr. 1941.jpg 35-round box magazine and 71-round drum magazine. Limited usage in the beginning of the conflict. [1]
PPS-43 [1] Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PPS-43 Soviet 7.62 mm submachine gun.jpg 35-round box magazine. Limited usage in the beginning of the conflict. [1]

Shotguns

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
Akkar Altay Semi-automatic shotgun 12 gauge Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey [3]
Armscor Model 30 Pump-action shotgun 12 gauge Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines [3]
Saiga-12 Semi-automatic shotgun 12 gauge Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Saiga 12K 030.jpg [3]

Bolt-action rifles

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30 [1] Bolt action rifle 7.62×54mmR Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Mosin nagant m9130 from cia.jpeg 5-round magazine, optionally with a PU scope in sniper role. [1] [3]

Semi-automatic rifles

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
SKS Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Simonov-SKS-45.JPG [1]

Assault rifles

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
AKM Assault rifle 7.62×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union AKM automatkarbin Ryssland - 7,62x39mm - Armemuseum rightside noBG.png [1]
AKMS Assault rifle 7.62×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union AKMS - 7,62x39mm - Armemuseum.jpg [1]
AK-74 Assault rifle 5.45×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Ak74l noBG.png [1] [3]
AKS-74 [1] Assault rifle 5.45×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union AKS-74.png [3]
AKS-74U Assault carbine 5.45×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Aks74u.png [4]
AK-74M Assault rifle 5.45×39mm Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Servicerifle-ak-74.png [1]

Precision rifles

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
AS Val Suppressed assault rifle 9×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union AS Val (541-03) noBG.png [3]
VSS Suppressed assault rifle 9×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Vss vintorez 01.jpeg [1] [3]
SVD Designated marksman rifle 7.62×54mmR Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SVD Dragunov.jpg [1]
Zbroyar Z-10 Designated marksman rifle 7.62×51mm NATO Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Zbroyar Z-10 07 (cropped).jpg [1]

Anti-materiel rifles

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
PTRD [1] Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR PTRD.png Single-shot reloadable rifle.
PTRS-41 [1] Anti-tank rifle14.5×114mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PTRS 41.jpg 5-round magazine.
KSVK / ASVK [1] Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm Flag of Russia.svg  Russia KSVK1.jpg Introduced for service with Russian forces in 2013. Any exports on this rifle is unknown. [1]
OSV-96 Anti-materiel rifle12.7×108mmFlag of Russia.svg  Russia OSV-96 12,7-mm snaiperskaia vintovka - MAKS-2009 01.jpg Limited use. [5]

Machine guns

NameTypeCartridgeOriginPhotoNotes
RPD [1] Light machine gun 7.62×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 7,62 mm RPD light machine gun.JPG 100-round drum magazine.
RPK [1] Light machine gun 7.62×39mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Machine Gun RPK.jpg 40-round capacity box magazine or 75-round drum magazine.
RPK-74 [1] / RPK-74M [6] Light machine gun5.45×39mm M74Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR RPK-74.png 30 or 45-round magazine.
PM M1910/30 [1] Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR Flag of Russia.svg  Russian Empire
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Maxim Maschinengewehr 1910.jpg Belt fed with 250-round cloth belts. Seen twice in 2014, at least one was non-operational. [1]
PK / PKM [1] General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PK machine gun at Russia-backed rebel position near the division line with Ukrainian army near Dokuchaevsk, eastern Ukraine, Friday, June 5, 2015.jpg Belt fed with 100, 200 or 250-round boxes. In Ukraine, the PKM is produced under the name KM-7.62.
Zastava M53 [7] General-purpose machine gun 7.92×57mm Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia M53 sarac.JPG Captured from Ukrainian forces in spring 2014. [7]
DShK [1] Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Mitraliera DShK UM Cugir.jpg Belt fed with 50-round boxes.
KPV / KPVT [1] Heavy machine gun 14.5×114mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Iraqi Police gun-carriage.jpg Belt fed with 40 or 50-round boxes.
NSV / NSVT [1] Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR NSV.png Belt fed with 50-round boxes. In Ukraine, the NSV is produced under the name KM-12.7 or KT-12.7.
PKP Pecheneg [1] General-purpose machine gun7.62×54mmRFlag of Russia.svg  Russia PKP Pecheneg Conscript day in Moscow 2011.jpg PKP is not known to be in service with Ukrainian forces, and has only been exported outside of Russia in limited quantities. [1]

Explosives/armor-piercing weapons

Grenades and grenade launchers

NameTypeDiameterOriginPhotoNotes
RG-41 [1] Fragmentation grenade 55mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
RG-41.png
5-meter kill radius. Limited usage.
RG-42 Fragmentation grenade54mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union RG-42 grenade Navy.jpg At least one was documented in Hrytsenkove in 2019. [2]
F-1 [1] Fragmentation grenade55mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union F1 grenade travmatik com 01 by-sa.jpg Reported to be bombarded on government forces using multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles by pro-Russian separatists. [8]
RGD-5 [1] Fragmentation grenade58mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Grenade RGD-5 Navy.jpg Propels ~350 fragments, 5-meter kill radius, 3.2–4-second fuse.
RGN [1] Fragmentation grenade60mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union RGN offensive hand grenade Navy.jpg 4–10-meter kill radius, 3.2–4.2-second fuse.
GP-25 [1] Under-barrel grenade launcher 40mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR GP-25 grenade launcher.png Can be fitted to AK type rifles.
AGS-17 [1] [9] Automatic grenade launcher 30mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Vikings Battalion AGS-17.png Belt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire.

Mines

NameTypeDetonationOriginPhotoNotes
MON-50 [7] Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/CommandFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Non armed mon50 anti-personnel clustermine.jpg Propels ~485/540 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 50 meters.
MON-90 [7] Anti-personnel mineTripwire/CommandFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Tyumen higher military command School of engineering 07.jpg Propels ~2000 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 90 meters.
OZM-72 [7] Anti-personnel bounding mine Tripwire/CommandFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 27th Independent Sevastopol Guards Motor Rifle Brigade (181-28).jpg ~500g TNT, propels ~2400 steel projectiles.
MON-100 [7] Anti-personnel minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union MON-100 2 (ORDATA).jpg Propels ~400 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 100 meters.
PMN [7] Anti-personnel minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PMN anti-personnel mine.jpg 240g TNT
PMN-4 [7] Anti-personnel minePressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 27th Independent Sevastopol Guards Motor Rifle Brigade (181-27).jpg 50g TG-40 (RDX/TNT)
TM-62M [1] Anti-tank mine PressureFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 27th Independent Sevastopol Guards Motor Rifle Brigade (183-19).jpg 7.5 kg TNT.

Anti-tank

NameTypeDiameterOriginPhotoNotes
RPG-7 [1] Rocket-propelled grenade Warhead diameter variesFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR RPG-7.png Reloadable launcher.
RPG-18 [1] Rocket-propelled grenade 64mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union RPG-18-cutaway.JPG Some of these launchers captured from the separatists were evidently brought from Russia. [1]
RPG-22 [1] Rocket-propelled grenade72.5mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union RPG-22 rocket launcher.jpg Single-shot disposable launcher.
RPG-26 [1] Rocket-propelled grenade72.5mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Grenade launchers RPG-26.jpg Single-shot disposable launcher.
SPG-9 [1] Recoilless rifle 73mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR SPG-9.png Single-shot reloadable launcher.
9K111 Fagot [1] Anti-tank missile 120mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union A Russia-backed rebel guards his position near the division line with Ukrainian army with anti-tank missile-near Dokuchaevsk, eastern Ukraine, Friday, June 5, 2015.jpg Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9M113 Konkurs [7] Anti-tank missile 135mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Airborne troops of Russia & SOF of Belarus 01.jpg Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9K115 Metis [1] Anti-tank missile94mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union POLK 9K115 Metis.jpg Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9K114 Shturm [1] Anti-tank missile130mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BMPT at Engineering Technologies 2012 (10).jpg Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9M133 Kornet [1] Anti-tank missile152mmFlag of Russia.svg  Russia 9M133 Kornet.JPG The system components were found discarded on a battlefield near Starobesheve. [1] It has not been exported to Ukraine. [1] [10]

Flamethrowers

NameTypeDiameterOriginPhotoNotes
RPO-A Shmel [1] Rocket-propelled flamethrower 93mmFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR RPO-A.png Some of the launchers captured from the separatists were evidently produced in Russia in 2000s. [1]
MRO-A [11] Rocket-propelled flamethrower72.5mmFlag of Russia.svg  Russia Tactical exercises of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection Troops units at Shikhani training ground (410-38).jpg It is not known to have been exported outside of Russia. [1]

Vehicles

The ongoing war makes the list below include tentative estimates.

Tanks

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
T-34-85 Medium tank 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2018-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske 024.jpg A number of T-34s were reactivated by the separatist forces from war memorials. [1] [7]
T-54 Medium tank 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Park Leninskogo komsomola 026.JPG Taken from Donetsk historical museum on 7 July 2014. [12]
T-62M/BV Main battle tank N/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union T-62 v Khabarovske.JPG Assigned to reservist units during 2022. [13]
T-64A/B/BM/BV Main battle tank 400 (DPR claim) [14] [lower-alpha 1] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
2019-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske N 146.jpg Some were reportedly supplied from Russia. [15] [16]

T-64BM serviceability doubtful. [17]

T-72B/B3/BA/B mod. 1989 [1] Main battle tank300 (DPR claim) [14] [lower-alpha 1] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
2019-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske ! 25.jpg Three seen in Sverdlovsk. [18] [19] Six seen in 2015. [20] Over 34 claimed supplied by Russia. [21] T72BM not exported from Russia. [15] [18] One seen in convoy in Sverdlovsk. [18] [6] [10] [22]
T-80/BVMain battle tank57 (DPR claim) [14] [lower-alpha 1] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Russian T-80BV.jpg

At least six T-80 tanks were spotted by the OSCE in January 2015 near Donetsk. [23]

T-90 Main battle tank3Flag of Russia.svg  Russia T-90A MBT photo009.jpg In 2018 the DPR claimed to have 3 T-90 tanks in service. [14] [lower-alpha 1]

Infantry fighting vehicles

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
BMP-1 / BMP-1P / BMP-1KSh [1] Infantry fighting vehicle 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2018-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske 027.jpg
BMP-2 [1] Infantry fighting vehicle1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2018-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske 029.jpg
BMD-1 [1] Airborne infantry fighting vehicle1Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BMD-1, National Museum of the Great Patriotic War.jpg
BMD-2 [1] Airborne infantry fighting vehicle1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2018-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske f338.jpg
BTR-4 [1] Infantry fighting vehicle1+Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine BTR-4E in Kyiv.jpg

Armoured personnel carriers

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
BTR-60PB [1] Armoured personnel carrier1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BTR-60PB NVA.JPG
BTR-70 [1] Armoured personnel carrier1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 086.jpg
BTR-80 [1] Armoured personnel carrier1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2016-05-07. Repetitsiia parada k Dniu Pobedy v Donetske 014.jpg Some were reportedly supplied from Russia. [24]
BTR-D [17] Armoured personnel carrier1 [25] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Btr-d Belarus.jpg
MT-LB Armoured personnel carrier1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR MT-LB.png Some were reportedly supplied from Russia. [1]
9K114 Shturm Armoured personnel carrier1 [26] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 9P149 vehicle with 9M144 missiles of anti-tank complex <<Shturm-S>> in Military-historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps in Saint-Petersburg, Russia.jpg
GT-MU [17] Armoured personnel carrier1 [27] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union GT-MU.JPG
MT-LBVM [1] Armoured personnel carrier1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union /
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia [1]
At least one destroyed near Ilovaisk. [6]
MT-LBVMK [1] Armoured personnel carrier1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia [1]
MT-LBVMK (1).jpg At least one destroyed in Ukraine in September 2014. [6]
MT-LB 6MA [1] Armoured personnel carrier1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia [1]
At least one destroyed near Ilovaisk. [6]
BTR-82AM [1] Armoured personnel carrier [1] 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Interpolitex 2011 (402-41).jpg It was only adopted in Russia in early 2013. It is not known to have been exported to any other country. [1] [6] Seen on videos filmed by the separatists. [6] Also seen destroyed in Novosvitlivka. [28] [ unreliable source? ]

Armored scout vehicles

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
BRM-1K [1] Combat reconnaissance vehicle1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BRM-1K top.jpg
BRDM-2 [1] Amphibious armoured scout car 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 40P2.JPG [17]

Armoured recovery vehicles

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
BREM-1 [1] Armoured recovery vehicle 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2016-05-07. Repetitsiia parada k Dniu Pobedy v Donetske 025.jpg
IMR-2 [1] Armoured recovery vehicle1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union RIAN archive 734015 Wildfires in Moscow Region's Lukhovitsky district.jpg
BTS-4 [1] Armoured recovery vehicle1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
RKhM "Kashalot", BTR-70, BRDM-2 and BTS-4, Chernobyl 2.jpg

Minelayers

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
GMZ-3 [6] Minelayer 1Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Engineering Technologies - 2012 (5-41).jpg

Trenchers

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
MDK-3 [6] Trencher 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union MDK-3 ditching machine at the Togliatti Technical Museum.jpg One captured from Ukrainian forces. [6]
TKM-2  [ uk ]Trencher1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union TMK-2 trenching vehicle at Park Patriot 02.jpg At least one was spotted by the OSCE in January 2018. [29]

Light armored vehicles

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
UAZ-23632-148 Esaul Armoured utility vehicle15+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Rehearsal2018-08.jpg Photographed by OSCE monitors using a drone at a training area in April 2021. [30] [31]
Vodnik Infantry mobility vehicle 1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Vodnik ky.jpg Seen in Krasnodon. [32] [33] [ unreliable source? ]
BPM-97 [34] / Dozor / Dozor-N / VystrelLight armored vehicle10+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia KAMAZ-43269 Vystrel Bronnitsy024.jpg Four seen in the late December Luhansk People's Republic military exercises. [35] [ unreliable source? ] 10 vehicles seen in Krasnodon, [32] [ unreliable source? ] several seen in Luhansk. [36] [37] [ unreliable source? ]
Humvee High-mobility multipurpose vehicle1-2+Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Humvee 80 airborne brigade Ukraine.png Captured in Debaltsevo after being abandoned by Ukrainian forces. [38]

Logistics and utility vehicles

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
UAZ-452 Off-road van2+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union ParkPatriot2015part4-14.jpg One seen in 2014. [39] At least one ambulance vehicle was spotted in 2015 by the OSCE. [40]
UAZ-469 Light utility vehicle 2+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 015.jpg Two seen north of Sloviansk. [41] [ unreliable source? ]
Ural-4320 Medium cargo truck17+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 107.jpg At least 17 Ural-4320 seen towing 155mm Msta-B howitzers in November 2014. [39]
Kamaz-4310Medium cargo truck80+ [42] [ failed verification ]Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 267.jpg At least five Kamaz-4310 were spotted by the OSCE in 2018. [43]
Kamaz-5350  [ de ]Heavy cargo truck1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia KamAZ-5350.jpg Seen towing 122mm D-30 howitzers in 2014. [39] At least one spotted by the OSCE in 2019. [44]
GAZ-66 4x4 off-road military truck10+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union GAZ-66 v Khabarovske.JPG Observed by the OSCE, mostly used as radio relaying stations. [45] [29]
ZIL-131 Medium cargo truck20+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union ZIL-131 Stahlpritsche II.jpg At least 20 were spotted by the OSCE in November 2017. [46]
PTS-2 [1] Amphibious transporter 1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union PTS-M VS4.JPG

Artillery

Mortars

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
82-BM-37 [1] 82mm infantry mortar N/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Zagan 82 mm mozdzierz wz 37.jpg At least two reported captured from separatist forces by Ukrainian Forces. [47]
120-PM-43 mortar [1] 120-mm infantry mortarN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union DPR PM-38.png
2S12 Sani [47] 120mm heavy mortarN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2S12 Sani (heavy mortar system).jpg At least two reported captured from separatist forces by Ukrainian Forces. [47]
2B14 Podnos [7] 82mm infantry mortarN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2B14 Podnos at "Engineering Technologies 2010" forum.jpg Captured from Ukrainian forces.
2B9 Vasilek [7] 82mm automatic mortarN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 82mm automatic mortar 2B9 Vasilek - Oboronexpo2014part3-27.jpg 4-mortar shell cassette.

Field artillery

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
BS-3 [1] 100mm anti-tank gun1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union BS-3-batey-haosef-1.jpg
D-1 152mm howitzer 1Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union D1 howitzer kiev.jpg Reportedly used by 132nd Motor Rifle Brigade (DNR). [48]
D-20 152mm howitzer 2Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Howitzer D-20.jpg Observed by OSCE. [49]
MT-12 Rapira [1] 100mm anti-tank gun 12+ [49] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2016-05-03. Repetitsiia parada k Dniu Pobedy v Donetske 030.jpg Observed by OSCE. [49]
D-30 [1] [50] "Lyagushka"122mm towed howitzer35+ [51] [52] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 111.jpg Observed by OSCE. [49]
2A36 Giatsint-B 152mm howitzer2+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 152-mm pushka Giatsint-B (1).jpg Use documented in videos.[ citation needed ]
2B16 Nona-K [1] 120mm anti-tank gun1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2B16 gun-howitzer-mortar 3.jpg Ukraine reportedly had only two of these before the war. [53]
2A65 Msta-B [1] 152mm howitzer6+ [49] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 270.jpg Observed by OSCE. [49]

Self-propelled field artillery

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
2S1 Gvozdika [1] 122mm self-propelled howitzer 15+ [49] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 088.jpg Observed by OSCE. [49]
2S3 Akatsiya [1] 152.4mm self-propelled artillery 7+ [49] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2S3 Akatsiya.jpg Observed by OSCE. [49]
2S5 Giatsint-S [1] 152mm self-propelled field gun1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2S5 Giatsint-S.jpg
2S7 Pion 203 mm self-propelled artillery2+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2s7 pion.jpg Two seen in Makiivka. [54] [55]
2S9 Nona-S [1] 120mm self-propelled mortar1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2S9 Nona-S.png
2S19 Msta-S [1] 152mm self-propelled howitzer3+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2S19 Msta-S of the Ukrainian Army.jpg Serviceability doubtful. [17]
One is suspected to come from Russia. [37] [ unreliable source? ]
2S4 Tyulpan 240mm self-propelled mortar1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 240-mm self-propelled mortar 2B8 (SAC-2S4).JPG One mortar was observed by OSCE in 2015. [56]

Rocket artillery

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
Cheburashka [57] Multiple rocket launcherN/A Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg Donetsk People's Republic First unveiled at 2018 victory parade.

Doubts where raised about their local production. [58]

Snezhinka [57] 220mm Multiple rocket launcherN/A Flag of Donetsk People's Republic.svg Donetsk People's Republic First unveiled at 2018 victory parade. Doubts where raised about their local production [58]
BM-21 Grad (9K51) [1] [59] 122mm multiple rocket launcher 69Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2015-05-05. Repetitsiia parada Pobedy 102.jpg In 2018 the DPR allegedly had 69 Grads in service. [14] [lower-alpha 1]
BM-27 Uragan 220mm multiple rocket launcher10 (DPR claim) [14] [lower-alpha 1] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 9K57 Uragan MLRS, Artillery museum, Saint-Petersburg pic4.JPG Two seen in Khartsyzk in February 2015. [60]
BM-30 Smerch 300mm multiple rocket launcher5 (DPR claim) [14] [lower-alpha 1] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 9a52 smerch.jpg At least two seen in Makiivka in February 2015. [61] [62]
Grad-P 122mm light portable rocket systemN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Grad-P-batey-haosef-1.jpg Several seen in several Luhansk region areas. [63]
Grad-K [34] ("Grad" on KamAZ-5350 chassis)122mm multiple rocket launcherN/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia 2B26 Grad.jpg The 2B26 machine is a Russian modification of the original BM-21 launcher. It was first produced in 2011. [64] [ unreliable source? ] It is seen on a video with separatists firing Grads in January 2015. [34] [65] [ unreliable source? ] [66]
TOS-1 Buratino220mm multiple rocket launcher and thermobaric weapon 6 (DPR claim) [14] [lower-alpha 2] Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Army2016-487.jpg Observed in a training area in LPR-controlled Kruhlyk. [67]

Air Defences

Towed anti-aircraft gun

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
ZU-23-2 [1] 23mm anti-aircraft gunN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2018-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske f241.jpg Some are mounted on trucks and MT-LBs. [18]
ZPU-2 [17] 14.5mm anti-aircraft gunN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union ZPU-2 Lutsk.jpg
S-60 [17] 57mm anti-aircraft gunN/AFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Zagan 57 mm armata plot S 60.jpg

Air defense vehicles

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
9K33 Osa [1] 6x6 amphibious surface-to-air missile system1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Bulgarian SA-8.jpg One claimed to be captured from Ukrainian forces in the "southern cauldron". [1] [68] [ unreliable source? ]
9K35 Strela-10 [1] [59] Short range surface-to-air missile3+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 2019-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske ! 27.jpg One from the Vostok Battalion was seen near the Donetsk Airport in July 2014 nicknamed "Лягушонок" (frogling). [1] [69] [ unreliable source? ] One seen in a Sverdlovsk convoy. [18] Another one spotted by OSCE SMM in 2021 nearl Luhansk. [70]
9K331M Tor-M2 Short range surface-to-air missile1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p1-44.jpg [17]
2K22 Tunguska Short range self-propelled anti-aircraft gun and surface-to-air missile1+Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Tunguska M1 at the MAKS-2011 (01).jpg [17]
Pantsir-S1 Medium range surface-to-air missile1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Bronnitsy - 01 - Pantsir-S1 SAM.jpg It is not known to have been exported to Ukraine.
Seen in Luhansk and Makiivka in early 2015. [34] [71] [72] [73] [ unreliable source? ] Its used rocket components were also reported to be observed in Ukraine in November 2014. [1]

Man-portable air-defense systems

NameTypeMax. altitudeOriginPhotoNotes
9K32 Strela-2 [1] Man-portable air-defense system 1500mFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SA-7.jpg Some Ukrainian stocks of Strela-2s went missing early in the conflict, and are presumably under separatist control. [1]
9K38 Igla [1] Man-portable air-defense system3500mFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union SA-18 misil y lanzador.jpg Supplied by Russia (Ukrainian claim). [1] [74] [75] Captured from Ukrainian armouries (DPR claim). [76] The system has identification friend or foe system which undermines DPR claims. [77] [ unreliable source? ]
PPZR Grom [1] Man-portable air-defense system3500mFlag of Poland.svg  Poland PZR-Grom-02.jpg This Polish weapon was reportedly captured from pro-Russian separatists. It was fitted with a Russian-made 9P516 gripstock, designed for the 9K38 Igla. Russian forces are known to have captured some of these from Georgia. [1]

Electronic warfare

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
R-330Zh ZhitelAnti-cellular and satellite communications jamming station1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia R-330Zh Zhitel jammer.jpg One station spotted by an unmanned aerial vehicle of the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission near Michurine in August 2015 and 11 km south of Donetsk city in June 2016. [78] [79]
RB-341V Leer-3Anti-GSM reconnaissance and jamming station, with Orlan-10 drones1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia TB2015ExhibitionP2-48.jpg Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018. [80] Observed by OSCE in 2020. [81]
R-934B SinitsaJamming station1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Observed by OSCE in 2020. [81]
RB-636 Svet-KURadio control and information protection system1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Observed by OSCE in 2020. [81]
1L269 Krasukha-2 Anti-air jamming station1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1L269 Krasukha-2.jpg Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018. [80]
RB-109A BylinaBrigade-level electronic warfare automated control system1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018. [80]
Repellent-1 Anti-drone electronic warfare system1+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Chornukhyne, 64 km SW of Luhansk on 28 July 2018. [80]
51U6 Kasta-2E1 C-band ultra-high frequency (300 MHz-1 GHz) 2D target acquisition radar designed to acquire the range and heading of small targets flying at low altitudes. Installed on KamAZ-43114 6×6 off-road chassis.1Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Observed at a training area near Buhaivka, 37 km southwest of Luhansk by OSCE SMM drone. [70]
P-19 "Danube" High mobility radar and with the antenna mounted on the single truck1Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Spotted by the OSCE SMM near Verbova Balka, 28 km south-east of Donetsk on 18 February 2020. [82]

Aircraft

Combat jets

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
Aero L-29 Delfín [83] Military trainer aircraft/Light attack aircraft2+Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 2018-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske 053.jpg At least one plane retrofited from Lugansk museum. [84] [85] On 19 January 2015, a LPR militia video showed a Georgian volunteer test driving an operational L-29 on a runway. [86] In 2018, one L-29 was displayed in Donetsk on Victory Day.

Unmanned aerial vehicles

NameQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
Eleron-3SV [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia MinistryofDefenseCommission2019-03.jpg
Forpost (IAI Searcher) [88] N/AFlag of Israel.svg  Israel
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Forpost UAV InnovationDay2013part2-03.jpg Five unmanned aerial vehicles shot down by Ukrainian forces. [92] [93] [94]
Granat-1 [95] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia BLA Granat-1.png
Granat-2 [88] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia BLA Granat-2.png
Granat-4 [96] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia ITC-UAV 02.jpg
Navodchik-2 [97] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia Ground control station
Orlan-10 [1] [88] 6+Flag of Russia.svg  Russia UAV Orlan-10.JPG Four shot down by Ukrainian forces in 2014 [1] [98] [ unreliable source? ] and one in 2016.
Another one crashed on Ukrainian territory in 2017. [99] [ unreliable source? ] On 13 May 2017 the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission saw a Orlan-10 flying over the road from Makiivka (12 km north-east of Donetsk) to Donetsk city. [100]
Takhion [101] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia FinalCheck2018-10.jpg
Zala 421-04M [102] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia ZALA 421-04M.jpg
Zastava (IAI Bird-Eye 400) [103] [88] [104] N/AFlag of Israel.svg  Israel
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
ITC-UAV 08.jpg
Unknown unmanned aerial vehicle number 2166 [88] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia
Unknown unmanned aerial vehicle number 2207 [88] N/AFlag of Russia.svg  Russia
Non-military unmanned aerial vehicleN/A DJI Phantom 2 Vision+ V3.jpg Quadcopters, fixed-wing drones. [88] One used by the rebels during the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport. [1]

Ships

NameTypeQuantityOriginPhotoNotes
Motorboat 25 [105] Motorboat at Kankaria lake.JPG Used by 9th Regiment of the Marine Corps in Sea of Azov. [105]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Galeotti points out that: "On paper this is a truly formidable force,(...) but shortages of trained crews and maintenance problems mean that in practice the field force has only a fraction of that strength." (Galeotti 2019, p. 27)
  2. As of the time of writing, they weren't deployed in battle, with their use tightly controlled by the Russian government. (Galeotti 2019, p. 27) As Galeotti puts it: "While the Russians may have provided some to the DNR forces, by all accounts they maintain close control over their use, even withholding the rockets until they are willing to see them deployed." (Galeotti 2019, p. 35)

    Bibliography

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</span> Security-oriented intergovernmental organization

    The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, the promotion of human rights, freedom of the press, and free and fair elections. It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in Vienna, Austria, and its institutions. It has observer status at the United Nations.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Yasynuvata</span> City in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine

    Yasynuvata is a city in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It was incorporated as a city of oblast significance until the 2020 administrative reform. It also served as the administrative center of Yasynuvata Raion until it was dissolved in 2020. It is located 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Donetsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Yasynuvata is a large railway crossroad. Its population is approximately 34,144.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalmiuske</span> City in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine

    Kalmiuske or Komsomolske is a city in Donetsk Oblast (province), Ukraine. It is a limestone mining city, located on the Kalmius river of eastern Ukraine. It has a population of 11,422.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</span>

    From the end of February 2014, in the aftermath of the Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity, which resulted in the ousting of Russian-leaning Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych, demonstrations by Russian-backed, pro-Russian, and anti-government groups took place in major cities across the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine. The unrest, which was supported by Russian military and intelligence, belongs to the early stages of the Russo-Ukrainian War.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">War in Donbas</span> 2014–2022 war between Ukraine and Russia

    The war in Donbas, or Donbas war, was a phase of the Russo-Ukrainian War in the Donbas region of Ukraine. The war began 12 April 2014, when a fifty-man commando unit headed by Russian citizen Igor Girkin seized Sloviansk in Donetsk oblast. The Ukrainian military launched an operation against them. It continued until it was subsumed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Luhansk People's Republic</span> Disputed Russian republic in eastern Ukraine

    The Luhansk People's Republic or Lugansk People's Republic is an internationally unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast, with its capital in Luhansk. The LPR was proclaimed by Russian-backed paramilitaries in 2014, and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas</span>

    During the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War between the Ukrainian government forces and pro-Russian separatists in the Donbas region of Ukraine that began in April 2014, many international organisations and states noted a deteriorating humanitarian situation in the conflict zone.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Minsk agreements</span> Series of agreements to stop the Donbas war

    The Minsk agreements were a series of international agreements which sought to end the Donbas war fought between armed Russian separatist groups and Armed Forces of Ukraine, with Russian regular forces playing a central part. The first, known as the Minsk Protocol, was drafted in 2014 by the Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine, consisting of Ukraine, Russia, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), with mediation by the leaders of France and Germany in the so-called Normandy Format. After extensive talks in Minsk, Belarus, the agreement was signed on 5 September 2014 by representatives of the Trilateral Contact Group and, without recognition of their status, by the then-leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR). This agreement followed multiple previous attempts to stop the fighting in the region and aimed to implement an immediate ceasefire.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Battle of Donetsk Airport</span> 2014–2015 battle during the Donbas war

    The Second Battle of Donetsk Airport was an engagement between the Ukrainian military and Russian military and its proxy forces of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) during the War in Donbas. An earlier battle in May 2014 had left Donetsk International Airport in Ukrainian control. Despite a ceasefire agreement, the Minsk Protocol, in place since 5 September 2014, fighting broke out between the warrying parties on 28 September 2014.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack</span> Attack on Mariupol by Russian and separatist forces, on January 24th 2015

    A rocket attack on Mariupol was launched on 24 January 2015 by Russian and pro-Russian forces against the strategic maritime city of Mariupol, defended by Ukrainian government forces. Mariupol had come under attack multiple times in the previous year in the course of the War in Donbas, including in May–June 2014, when the city was under the control of Russian controlled forces; and in the September 2014 offensive.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Shyrokyne standoff</span> 2015 battle in the Donbas war in Ukraine

    The Shyrokyne standoff was a battle for the control of the strategic village of Shyrokyne, located approximately 11 km (6.8 mi) east of Mariupol city limits, between Ukrainian forces led by the Azov Regiment, and Russian-backed separatists, between February and July 2015. It was part of the larger war in Donbas. On 10 February 2015, the Azov Regiment launched a surprise offensive against pro-Russian separatists associated with the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) with the aim of pushing the separatist forces away from Mariupol city limits. The village is located just 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Ukrainian-controlled city of Mariupol, and was used as a launching point for separatist attacks on the city, which served as the administrative centre of Donetsk Oblast whilst DPR forces control Donetsk city. Fighting continued until 3 July 2015, when DPR forces unilaterally withdrew from Shyrokyne. Subsequently a cease-fire was declared in the area.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic of Stakhanov</span> Separatist republic in Ukraine, 2014–2015


    The Republic of Stakhanov was a separatist quasi-state republic of Pavel Dryomov on the territory of the city of Kadiivka within the separatist Luhansk People's Republic.

    Kruta Balka is a rural settlement in Donetsk Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 17.2 km NNE from the centre of Donetsk city.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Svitlodarsk</span> 2016 battle in the Donbas war

    The Battle of Svitlodarsk took place during the war in Donbas near Svitlodarsk, Donetsk Oblast in 2016. It was described as the "bloodiest battle in 5 months".

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</span>

    The OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine was an international civilian observer mission of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) mandated to contribute to reducing tensions and to help foster peace in Ukraine. The mission was deployed in March 2014, following the Russian annexation of Crimea and the outbreak of open conflict in eastern Ukraine. The mission ended on 31 March 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

    The combatants of the war in Donbas included foreign and domestic forces.

    The Joint Centre for Control and Coordination on ceasefire and stabilization of the demarcation line, abbreviated JCCC, is an organization composed of Ukrainian and Russian military officers, whose role is to help implement the Minsk ceasefire agreements and ensure the safety of OSCE monitors in the Russo-Ukrainian War. It was established September 26, 2014. In April 2015, Ukrainian and Russian representatives began to keep separate logs of ceasefire violations. The Russian members left Ukraine in December 2017.

    Buran or Enhelsove is a rural settlement in Molodohvardiisk urban hromada, Luhansk Raion, Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 936

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack</span> Part of the war in Donbass

    February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack — a shelling of Kramatorsk by Russian forces or pro-Russian separatists during the war in Donbas. Kramatorsk was controlled by Ukrainian government forces at the time of the attack. As a result of shelling, 17 people died and about 60 were injured.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">R-330Zh Zhitel</span> Russian jamming system

    The R-330Zh Zhitel is a mobile truck-mounted electronic warfare jamming communication station, manufactured by NVP Protek and fielded by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (AFRF). It is preferably deployed within range of the frontline, and is mounted on a Ural-43203 or KamAZ-43114 three-axle truck.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (2014). "Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3)" (PDF). ARES . Retrieved 4 February 2015.
    2. 1 2 Weapons of the War in Ukraine (PDF) (Report). London: Conflict Armament Research. 2021. pp. 26, 102.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bender, Jeremy. "Here Are All The Russian Weapons Separatists Are Using In Ukraine". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
    4. "Ukrainian Killed And Pro-Russian Fighters Injured In Clashes Over Police HQ". The Huffington Post UK. 13 April 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
    5. Galeotti 2019, p. 20.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (2014). "Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3) – Annexes" (PDF). ARES. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
    7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Plokšto, Artur; Demeško, Andriej (30 June 2017). Armaments used in the Ukrainian conflict 2014–2015 (PDF). Security and Defence Quarterly. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
    8. Посылка для вашего мальчика: Ополченцы приноровились сбрасывать гранаты с беспилотников (видео) [A parcel for your boy: Insurgents figured to drop grenades from UAVs (video)]. Русская весна (in Russian). 15 August 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
    9. Motorola's appeal to Russians. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
    10. 1 2 Tsvetkova Maria and Vasovic Aleksandar (23 October 2014). "Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement". Reuters. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
    11. "Russian MRO-A Rocket Launchers in Ukraine". Armament Research Services (ARES). 1 June 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
    12. Richard Balmforth, Maria Tsvetkova (7 July 2014). "Ukraine threatens rebels with 'nasty surprise' in new push". Reuters. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
    13. "Советский средний и основной боевой танк первого поколения Т-62М в зоне СВО. На службе резервистов НМ ДНР". 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
    14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Galeotti 2019, p. 27.
    15. 1 2 "Pro-Russian separatist tank variant supports Russian source". International Institute for Strategic Studies . Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
    16. Marcus, Jonathan (14 June 2014). "Russia and Ukraine's mystery tanks". BBC News. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
    17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The Military Balance 2022. Abingdon, Oxon. p. 215. ISBN   978-1032279008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
    18. 1 2 3 4 5 Jonathan Marcus (27 August 2014). "Ukraine crisis: T-72 tank shoots hole in Russian denial". BBC News. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
    19. "В СБУ привели очередные доказательства поставки оружия из России". Ukrainskaya Pravda. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
    20. Yulia Silina (9 May 2015). "Ukraine rebels stage WWII parade as Kiev holds low-key event". Donetsk: Yahoo News. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
    21. Танки – Т-72, Т-80, Т-90 (Второе издание 19 December 2011) (in Russian). 19 December 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
    22. "T-72 Tanks of Russian Invaders Destroyed Near Starobesheve. PHOTOS". Censor.net. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
    23. "Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 18:00 (Kyiv time), 23 January 2015". osce.org . Retrieved 2 August 2023.
    24. "Russian modernized BTR-80 on the occupiers' base in Donetsk". 2 February 2017.
    25. "Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The 2022 Russian Invasion Of Ukraine". 22 February 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
    26. "Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The 2022 Russian Invasion Of Ukraine". 22 February 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
    27. "Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The 2022 Russian Invasion Of Ukraine". 22 February 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
    28. Berzov, Sergey (7 September 2014). Российский телеканал по ошибке опубликовал видео уничтоженного бронетранспортера БТР-82АМ [Russian TV-channel unintentionally published video of a destroyed BTR-82AM]. Military-Informant.com (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
    29. 1 2 "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 17 January 2018". www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
    30. OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (17 April 2021). "Daily Report 88/2021" (PDF). Retrieved 3 May 2021.
    31. "OSCE spots 15 newest Russian UAZ Esaul armored vehicles in Donbas (Drone photo)". InformNapalm.org (English). 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
    32. 1 2 "Russian Army BPM-97 "Vystrel" and GAZ-39371 "Vodnik" in Krasnodon Ukraine". 12 January 2015. pp. Lugansk News Today. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
    33. Russian ‘Vodnik’ armored vehicles appeared in Donbas following ‘Vistrel’. PHOTOS+VIDEO. Censor.net. 12 January 2015
    34. 1 2 3 4 Czuperski, Maksymilian; Herbst, John; Higgins, Eliot; Polyakova, Alina; Wilson, Damon (27 May 2015). Hiding in Plain Sight: Putin's War in Ukraine. Atlantic Council. ISBN   978-1-61977-996-9.
    35. Луганский "Выстрел" в голову кремлевской пропаганде // InformNapalm, 5 January 2015. (in Russian)
    36. "Russian military base with BPM-97 "Vystrel" located in Lugansk. Photos". Lugansk News Today. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
    37. 1 2 Kivimäki, Veli-Pekka (3 February 2015). "Bellingcat Launches the Ukraine Conflict Vehicle Tracking Project". Bellingcat.
    38. "Separatist fighters celebrate as key Ukrainian town falls to rebels". Chicago Tribune. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
    39. 1 2 3 Born, Falcon (27 November 2014). "Mind and analytics: How much Russian activity does it take before the OSCE notice?". InformNapalm.org (English). Retrieved 20 July 2023.
    40. "Weekly update from OSCE Observer Mission at Russian Checkpoints Gukovo and Donetsk based on information as of 10:00 (Moscow time), 18 February 2015". www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
    41. Armed Rebels of Donetsk Republic 13 Transterramedia.com, 5 May 2014
    42. "Ukrainian city of Donetsk besieged by shelling". Daily Telegraph . 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
    43. "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 8 August 2018". www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
    44. "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 3 April 2019". www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
    45. "Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine, based on information received as of 19:30hrs, 7 February 2016". www.osce.org. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
    46. "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 24 November 2017 - Ukraine | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 25 November 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
    47. 1 2 3 ATO detachments successfully perform goals in liberation from terrorists occupied city. Minister of Defense of Ukraine. 2 July 2014
    48. "Михаил Ходарёнок: Работа наших артиллеристов из 132 бригады 1АК - бывшая 3-ка "Беркут" - на Д-1 где-то на Новгородско-Дзержинском направлении". 27 April 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
    49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "OSCE SMM Daily Report" (PDF). 21 June 2020.
    50. "Ukrainian Military Deploys Turkish-made Bayraktar Drone in Donbas". Defense World Net. 26 October 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
    51. "Ukraine accuses Russia of sending dozens of tanks into its territory". CNN. 6 November 2014.
    52. "OSCE 'very concerned' by tanks, convoys in Ukraine". 8 November 2014.
    53. The Military Balance 2012. IISS. 7 March 2012. p. 166. ISBN   978-1857436426.
    54. Pierre Vaux, Catherine A. Fitzpatrick (30 January 2015). "203 mm 2S7 Pion Self-Propelled Artillery Filmed In Makeyevka". The Interpreter. The Institute of Modern Russia. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
    55. "Secret cargo of the Russian "humanitarian convoys" passing through Makiivka". 22 March 2017.
    56. "Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 19:30 (Kyiv time), 5 July 2015" OSCE 6 July 2015
    57. 1 2 "The DNR showed missiles of its own production". Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
    58. 1 2 Боевики бьют по украинской армии на Донбассе новыми ракетами | Донбасc Реалии , retrieved 19 June 2022
    59. 1 2 Giles, Keir (6 February 2015). "Ukraine crisis: Russia tests new weapons". BBC News. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
    60. "Uragan Rockets Spotted In Khartsyzsk, East of Donetsk / Ukraine Live Day 353: Rada Votes To Strip MPs Of Immunity". The Interpreter. The Institute of Modern Russia. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
    61. "[1152] Makeevka: Smerch". Bellingcat Vehicles. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
    62. "[1154] Makeevka: Smerch". Bellingcat Vehicles. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
    63. "Tymchuk: Militants acquire highly mobile Grad-P systems". UNIAN. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
    64. Боевые машины РСЗО "Град" 2Б26 на параде в Ростове-на-Дону Archived 3 February 2015 at archive.today // military-informant.com, 13 May 2012. (in Russian)
    65. Боевики "ДНР" похвастались новым российским "Градом". ВИДЕО+ФОТО// Censor.net.ua, 23 January 2015. (in Russian)
    66. "Participation of the Russian MLRS from the 18th Brigade in Lunging of Ukraine: Photo Facts and Geolocation". 28 February 2016.
    67. "Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 27 September 2015 | OSCE". www.osce.org. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
    68. "ДНР заявляет о захвате около 70 единиц военной техники силовиков". RIA Novosti . 8 August 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
    69. "Ополченцы взяли в кольцо аэропорт в Донецке". Life News. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
    70. 1 2 "OSCE identifies Russian 51U6 Kasta 2E1 radar in Ukraine". Janes.com. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
    71. Nemtsov, Boris; Yashin, Ilya; Shorina, Olga (May 2015). Putin. War – Based on materials from Boris Nemtsov (PDF) (Report). Free Russia Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
    72. Smallwood, Michael (5 February 2015). "Russian 96K6 Pantsir-S1 air defence system in Ukraine". Armament Research Services (ARES). Retrieved 20 February 2015.
    73. Higgins, Eliot (28 May 2015). "Russia's Pantsir-S1s Geolocated in Ukraine". Bellingcat. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
    74. MoF Ukraine published evidences of Russia transferring arms to Donbas. Radio Liberty. 18 June 2014
    75. Ukraine requests explanations from the RF on how Igla could end up from the Russian military base to Donbas. UNIAN. 18 June 2014.
    76. Thomas Grove and Warren Strobel (29 July 2014). "Special Report – Where Ukraine's separatists get their weapons". Reuters. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
    77. Dvoryanchykov, Yu. Russian military expert identified spetsnaz of RF in Sloviansk . Daily Lviv. 4 May 2014
    78. "Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 19:30 (Kyiv time), 16 August 2015". OSCE. 20 June 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
    79. "Latest from OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine based on information received as of 19:30, 15 June 2016". OSCE. 16 June 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
    80. 1 2 3 4 OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (11 August 2018). "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 10 August 2018". www.osce.org. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
    81. 1 2 3 OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (12 March 2020). "Daily Report 60/2020". www.osce.org. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
    82. OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (18 February 2020). "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 17 February 2018" (PDF). www.osce.org.
    83. "The Mysterious Air Force Of Ukraine's Pro-Russian Separatists". Worldcrunch. 27 February 2015.
    84. "Ukraine: building an air force rebel style". Airheads Fly. 19 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
    85. "ЛНР обзавелась боевой авиацией – СМИ (LPR acquired combat aircraft – media)" (in Russian). Korrespondent.net. 17 January 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
    86. Oren Dotan (19 January 2015). "Separatists In Ukraine Are Raiding Museums To Build An Air Force". Vocativ. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
    87. "United Forces unit servicemen shot down UAV type ′′ Eleron ′′ of Russian occupation troops". Facebook. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    88. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Weapons of the War in Ukraine". Conflict Armament Research. November 2021. pp. 130–147. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    89. "UK researchers trace 95% of weapons in Ukraine warzone to Russian manufacturers". Euromaidan Press. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    90. "Eleron-3SV – $200K Russian military intelligence drone as a present to Donetsk terrorists. | Lugansk News Today" . Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    91. "RUSSIAN ELERON – 35V DRONE DESTROYED IN DONBAS (VIDEO). INTERESTING FACTS REVEALED". old.defence-ua.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    92. "Five Downed Russian Drones in Ukraine". 6 January 2017.
    93. Бриман, Шимон (8 May 2015). Над Донбассом сбит израильский беспилотник. ЭКСКЛЮЗИВ. 9 Канал (in Russian). Retrieved 7 September 2015.
    94. Dombe, Ami Rojkes (10 May 2015). "Report: Israeli-made Russian drone was shot down in Ukraine". Israel Defense. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
    95. "Операція... - Операція об'єднаних сил / Joint Forces Operation". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    96. @DFRLab (30 July 2018). "#MinskMonitor: Russian Drones Directed Separatist Artillery Against Ukraine". DFRLab. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    97. "Advanced Russian artillery reconnaissance system Navodchik-2 spotted in Donbas for the first time". InformNapalm.org (English). 20 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    98. Під Амвросіївкою військові збили черговий російський безпілотник (in Ukrainian). Espreso.tv. 23 July 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
    99. Украина опубликовала фото упавшего "российского беспилотника" (in Russian). TV Rain. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
    100. "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 14 May 2017". www.osce.org. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
    101. Censor.NET (July 2014). "Ukrainian Gunner Shot Down a Russian Drone: "It May have Saved Someone's Life". PHOTOS". Censor.NET. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    102. "Russian-made UAV downed by Ukraine troops in Donetsk region". www.unian.info. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    103. "Armed Forces Of Ukraine Shoot Down Russian Drone In Donetsk Region". Fighter Jets World. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    104. "Фото: Україна збила новий російський безпілотник на Донбасі". UA.NEWS. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
    105. 1 2 The militants created a "flotilla" in the Azov Sea – Voronchenko, Ukrayinska Pravda (28 December 2018)