Timeline of women's suffrage in North Dakota

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Mary Darrow Weible protests with NWP pre 1920 Mary Darrow Weible protests with NWP pre 1920.jpg
Mary Darrow Weible protests with NWP pre 1920

This is a timeline of women's suffrage in North Dakota. Women's suffrage in North Dakota began while it was still part of the Dakota Territory. In 1879, women in the territory gained the right to vote in school meetings. Later, this was more formalized in 1883, providing women separate ballots for school issues. After North Dakota was a state, suffragists continued to work for full suffrage. A referendum on equal suffrage took place in 1914, but failed. In 1917, women gained the right to vote in municipal and presidential elections. On December 1, 1919, North Dakota became the 20th state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.

Contents

19th century

1860s

Elizabeth Preston Anderson Elizabeth Preston Anderson.jpg
Elizabeth Preston Anderson

1868

1870s

1872

1879

1883

1885

1887

1888

1889

1890s

1890

1893

1895

1897

1898

1899

20th century

1900s

Sample women's suffrage ballot, North Dakota Sample women's suffrage ballot, North Dakota 2.jpg
Sample women's suffrage ballot, North Dakota

1900

1901

1910s

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1917

1919

1920

1920

1924

1950s

1958

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women's suffrage in Maine</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of women's suffrage in Wisconsin</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women's suffrage in Colorado</span>

In 1893, Colorado became the second state in the United States to grant women's suffrage and the first to do so through a voter referendum. Even while Colorado was a territory, lawmakers and other leaders tried to include women's suffrage in laws and later in the state constitution. The constitution did give women the right to vote in school board elections. The first voter referendum campaign was held in 1877. The Woman Suffrage Association of Colorado worked to encourage people to vote yes. Nationally-known suffragists, such as Susan B. Anthony and Lucy Stone spoke alongside Colorado's own Alida Avery around the state. Despite the efforts to influence voters, the referendum failed. Suffragists continued to grow support for women's right to vote. They exercised their right to vote in school board elections and ran for office. In 1893, another campaign for women's suffrage took place. Both Black and white suffragists worked to influence voters, gave speeches, and turned out on election day in a last-minute push. The effort was successful and women earned equal suffrage. In 1894, Colorado again made history by electing three women to the Colorado house of representatives. After gaining the right to vote, Colorado women continued to fight for suffrage in other states. Some women became members of the Congressional Union (CU) and pushed for a federal suffrage amendment. Colorado women also used their right to vote to pass reforms in the state and to support women candidates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women's suffrage in North Dakota</span>

Women's suffrage began in North Dakota when it was still part of the Dakota Territory. During this time activists worked for women's suffrage, and in 1879, women gained the right to vote at school meetings. This was formalized in 1883 when the legislature passed a law where women would use separate ballots for their votes on school-related issues. When North Dakota was writing its state constitution, efforts were made to include equal suffrage for women, but women were only able to retain their right to vote for school issues. An abortive effort to provide equal suffrage happened in 1893, when the state legislature passed equal suffrage for women. However, the bill was "lost," never signed and eventually expunged from the record. Suffragists continued to hold conventions, raise awareness, and form organizations. The arrival of Sylvia Pankhurst in February 1912 stimulated the creation of more groups, including the statewide Votes for Women League. In 1914, there was a voter referendum on women's suffrage, but it did not pass. In 1917, limited suffrage bills for municipal and presidential suffrage were signed into law. On December 1, 1919, North Dakota became the twentieth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women's suffrage in South Dakota</span>

Women's suffrage started in South Dakota when it was part of Dakota Territory. Prior to 1889, it had a shared history of women's suffrage with North Dakota. While South Dakota was part of the territory, women earned the right to vote on school related issues. They retained this right after it became a separate state. The state constitution specified that there would be a women's suffrage amendment referendum in 1890. Despite a large campaign that included Susan B. Anthony and a state suffrage group, the South Dakota Equal Suffrage Association (SDESA), the referendum failed. The state legislature passed additional suffrage referendums over the years, but each was voted down until 1918. South Dakota was an early ratifier of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was approved during a special midnight legislative session on December 4, 1919.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of women's suffrage in South Dakota</span>

This is a timeline of women's suffrage in South Dakota. The early history of women's suffrage in the state is shared with North Dakota. When South Dakota became a state, it held a voter referendum in 1890 on an equal suffrage amendment. This effort failed, but suffragists continued to organize and lobby the legislature to pass voter referendums. None passed until 1918. South Dakota ratified the Nineteenth Amendment on December 4, 1919.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of women's suffrage in New Jersey</span>

This is a timeline of women's suffrage in New Jersey. Women and African Americans had the right to vote in New Jersey until the state constitution was changed in 1807, disenfranchising all but white men. Any early suffrage protest was taken by Lucy Stone in 1857 who refused to pay her property taxes because she could not vote. Additional attempts to make women more equal under the law took place in the 1880s and 1890s. There were also several court cases that challenged women's right to vote in the state. Eventually, a voter referendum on a state constitutional suffrage amendment took place in 1915, however the measure was voted down. Activists continued to fight both in the state and to protest in Washington, D.C. as Silent Sentinels. By February 10, 1920, New Jersey ratified the Nineteenth Amendment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of women's suffrage in Iowa</span>

This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Iowa. Women's suffrage work started early in Iowa's history. Organizing began in the late 1960s with the first state suffrage convention taking place in 1870. In the 1890s, women gained the right to vote on municipal bonds, tax efforts and school-related issues. By 1916, a state suffrage amendment went to out to a voter referendum, which failed. Iowa was the tenth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919.

References

  1. 1 2 Handy-Marchello, Barbara (5 August 2020). "The road to women's voting rights in North Dakota". Williston Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Anthony 1902, p. 543.
  3. 1 2 Anthony 1902, p. 544.
  4. 1 2 3 Anthony 1902, p. 546.
  5. Anthony 1902, p. 551.
  6. "North Dakota votes for women timeline". Williston Herald. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
  7. 1 2 3 Anthony 1902, p. 548.
  8. Anthony 1902, p. 549.
  9. 1 2 Anthony 1902, p. 547.
  10. 1 2 3 Harper 1922, p. 501.
  11. 1 2 "North Dakota and the 19th Amendment". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  12. Carpenter & McEvers 2020, p. 490.
  13. 1 2 Harper 1922, p. 502.
  14. "Suffragists in North Dakota". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  15. "Was your grandmother a North Dakota suffragist?". Minot Daily News. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  16. 1 2 3 Harper 1922, p. 503.
  17. Carpenter & McEvers 2020, p. 491.
  18. 1 2 Harper 1922, p. 504.
  19. 1 2 Harper 1922, p. 506.
  20. 1 2 Harper 1922, p. 506-507.
  21. Sisk, Amy R. (30 November 2019). "ND ratified 19th Amendment 100 years ago, granting women full voting rights". Grand Forks Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
  22. 1 2 Carpenter & McEvers 2020, p. 492.
  23. Sisk, Amy R. (30 November 2019). "A century of suffrage: ND ratified 19th Amendment 100 years ago, granting women full voting rights". Bismarck Tribune. Retrieved 2021-04-20.

Sources