2010 Sudanese general election

Last updated

2010 Sudanese general election
Flag of Sudan.svg
  2000 11–15 April 2010 2015  
Presidential election
  Omar al-Bashir, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-137.jpg YasirArman SPLM-N Hermannsburg2015 RomanDeckert (cropped).jpg
Nominee Omar al-Bashir Yasir Arman
Party National Congress SPLM–North
Popular vote6,901,6942,193,826
Percentage68.24%21.69%

President before election

Omar al-Bashir
National Congress

Elected President

Omar al-Bashir
National Congress

National Assembly election
PartyLeaderSeats+/–
National Congress Omar al-Bashir 324−27
SPLM Salva Kiir 99New
PCP Hassan al-Turabi 4New
DUP Hatim al-Sir 4New
Umma Federal Ahmad Babiker Nahar 3New
Umma Renewal & Reform Mubarak al Mahdi 3New
DUP–Original 1New
SPLM–Democratic Change Lam Akol 2New
Muslim Brotherhood 1New
NUP Sadiq al-Mahdi 1New
Umma Collective Leadership Sadiq al-Hadi 1New
Independents 3−2
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

General elections were held in Sudan between 11 and 15 April 2010, extended from the original end date of 13 April. [1] [2] [3] The elections were held to elect the President and National Assembly of Sudan, as well as the President and Legislative Assembly of Southern Sudan. The election brought to the end the transitional period which began when the decades-long Second Sudanese Civil War ended in 2005.

Contents

Early results on 20 April showed that President Omar al-Bashir's party National Congress was well ahead. [4] On 26 April, full results were announced and al-Bashir was confirmed as the winner by having received 68.24% of the vote. [5]

Background

Date

The elections were originally scheduled to be held from March to April 2009, but there were reports that they may be delayed up to six months from the latest possible date of July 2009 due to problems with the preparation of the vote. [6] However, on 2 April 2009, the electoral commission pushed the date back to 6 February to 21 February 2010 [7] and results were to be declared on 27 February 2010. The elections will entail: national presidential and parliamentary, the south Sudanese presidency, state governors, the southern parliament, and state assemblies. The voting will be early in the month so results may be fielded late in the month. The electoral commission released the date after the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for President Bashir on 4 March 2009.

On 11 June 2009, it was rumoured that the elections might be delayed for a short time once more. [8] This was immediately rejected by the government. [9] However, it was announced on 30 June 2009 that the election would be postponed until 5 April to 12 April 2010 after problems with the national census. The census results were expected early April 2009 but were not released until mid-May 2009; upon its release, the SPLM contested that Southern Sudan are a third of Sudan's total population while the census reported that they made up 21 percent of the total population. [10] [11] It is unknown if the Darfurian amalgamation referendum, due to take place in July 2010, will be pulled back to match the general election.

Census

A census, which was necessary for the election to be held, was initially planned to be held in July 2007, then from 15 November 2007 onwards, then delayed to be held from 2 February 2008 onwards due to funding issues. [12] It was again postponed to 15–30 April 2008. [13] [14] On 12 April 2008, a few days before the census was slated to start, the SPLM withdrew from the census, stating that they wanted IDPs to return to their homes before the census would take place. [15] However, it was agreed on 14 April 2008 to start the census on 22 April 2008 instead. [16] It was finished by 6 May 2008 (with about 90% of the country covered by then; many people claimed, however, not to have been counted, but officials stated that in no state was the covering rate below 80%. [17] ) Preliminary results that hit the press in early July claimed a population of about 38 million, with 3.8 million in Southern Sudan. This strongly contradicted former estimates of at least 8 million residents in the south. However, the Central Bureau of Statistics quickly denied these figures, saying no numbers had yet been released. [18] The full results of the census were announced on a press conference by Central Bureau of Statistics on 12 May 2009. The total of Sudan's population were reported as 39,154,490, with 8,260,490 in the south. [11]

Electoral law

The draft bill on the electoral law was being discussed in February 2008; differences remained over the proportion between FPTP seats and proportional seats, over the number of seats reserved for women, and over how many votes smaller parties would have to win in order to gain entry into parliament. [19] The SPLM wants 50% proportionally elected and 50% therough FPTP, and it wants women to be given 50% of the proportional seats; the Sudanese government wants only 40% to be proportionally elected and wants a separate list of women-only seats, of which all would be given to the list with the most votes. [20] The election law was passed on 8 July 2008. [21] The law is based on a mixed electoral system, utilizing the benefits of majoritarian, proportional representation and plurality models. [22] 60% of seats will be chosen in constituencies, and 40% (split 25% women to 15% general seats) by proportional representation; the proportional seats have an electoral threshold of 4%, candidates for presidential elections require 200 endorsements from 18 of Sudan's 25 states, citizens have to be over 17 years to vote and over 40 years and without a criminal record to stand in the election. [23] [24]

The border constituency report was completed by the National Elections Committee in November 2009. Some state politicians have appealed the report and their concerns have been printed in a report published on the National Elections Committee website. Despite these objections, it is likely that the constituency borders will remain. [25] An explanation of the boundary complaints were delineated in a 71-page report by the Rift Valley Institute in 2010. [26]

Darfur

A Sudanese official has stated that elections would be held in "99% of Darfur" and that the election would be held at a later date in those regions where it was not possible at that time. [27]

Candidates

SPLM leader Salva Kiir Mayardit has stated he will contest the presidential election. [28] He will also be supported by the former eastern rebels from the Beja Congress, to increase the chances of unseating Omar al-Bashir, who has held power since 1989. [29]

69 parties registered for the election. [30]

Opposition parties including the SPLM considered nominating Sadiq al-Mahdi, who was Prime Minister from 1986 to 1989, as their presidential candidate. [31] Yasir Arman was the SPLM candidate, [32] but the SPLM withdrew from the presidential election, citing fears of fraud. [33]

The university professor Abdullah Ali Ibrahim planned to run as an independent presidential candidate. Islamist opposition leader Hassan al-Turabi announced on 2 January 2010 that his party, the Popular Congress Party, had designated its deputy leader, Abdallah Deng Nhial, as its presidential candidate. [34] One of the renowned female politicians, professor Fatima Abdel Mahmoud, was nominated by the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union Party which she leads, as their candidate for the Presidency.

Controversies

There were numerous accusations of irregularities which forced the election to be extended by two additional days for a total of four days. [1] However, former American President Jimmy Carter said he was happy with the extension of voting days while monitoring the elections (along with an EU contingent). [35] On the last day of the elections the head of the ruling party in the south said: "Three days ago at night some southern army soldiers came to the home of the president of the National Congress Party (NCP) in Raja, and killed him and eight other members of the NCP." He claimed it was because of anger that people had voted for the ruling party. The Sudan People's Liberation Movement denied responsibility while having claimed repression. [36]

A video was posted on YouTube which apparently shows election officials in uniform and a child filling out voting strips and stuffing them into ballot boxes, with one saying that he was glad the voting period had been extended for them to finish their work. The clip, which has not been independently verified, is claimed by Sudanese opposition activists as proof to their claims of poll rigging. The National Elections Commission (NEC) however, dismissed it as a fake and refused to investigate it. [37] Even after the result was announced, the opposition claims that there was "massive rigging", and is thinking to challenge the result in the courts. [38]

Issues of manipulation of the electoral districts have also been a problem and were detailed in a report by the Rift Valley Institute in April 2010. [39]

Results

In 16 state constituencies and 17 national constituencies (18 and 15 according to other sources), a repoll was ordered (to be held within 60 days); the results in the other constituencies will be announced on 20 April 2010. [40] 27 MPs (five national, four in the Southern Sudanese Legislative Assembly, and 18 for state assemblies) were elected by default, as they had no opponent in the election. [41]

The National Assembly results were announced on May 20, in which the NCP won 73% of the seats, while the SPLM won 22% of the seats. The remaining five percent was won by the smaller opposition parties. [42]

On 26 April, President Bashir's party National Congress was officially declared the winner after Sudan's election commission announced he received 68% of the votes. [4] [43]

While no full parliamentary election results are available, the National Congress Party won 306 of the 450 seats, and the SPLM won 99 seats. 45 seats went to smaller parties.

President

Presidential Election results by state. 2010 Sudanese Presidential Election.svg
Presidential Election results by state.
CandidatePartyVotes%
Omar Hassan al-Bashir National Congress Party 6,901,69468.24
Yasir Arman SPLM–North 2,193,82621.69
Abdallah Deng Nhial Popular Congress Party 396,1393.92
Hatim Al-Sir Democratic Unionist Party 195,6681.93
Sadiq al-Mahdi Umma Party 96,8680.96
Kamil Idris Independent77,1320.76
Mahmood Ahmed JehaIndependent71,7080.71
Mubarak al-Fadil Umma Reform and Renewal Party 49,4020.49
Munir Sheikh El-din JallabNew National Democratic Party40,2770.40
Abdel-Aziz Khalid Sudanese National Alliance 34,5920.34
Fatima Abdel Mahmoud Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union 30,5620.30
Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud Sudanese Communist Party 26,4420.26
Total10,114,310100.00
Total votes10,114,310
Registered voters/turnout16,281,84162.12
Source: National Electoral Commission

National Assembly

PartySeats+/–
National Congress Party 324–27
Sudan People's Liberation Movement 99New
Popular Congress Party 4New
Democratic Unionist Party 4New
Umma Federal Party 3New
Umma Renewal and Reform Party 3New
Democratic Unionist Party–Original 1New
SPLM–Democratic Change 2New
Muslim Brotherhood 1New
National Umma Party 1New
Umma Collective Leadership 1New
Independents3–2
Vacant4
Total450+90
Source: National Electoral Commission

Southern Sudan

President

CandidatePartyVotes%
Salva Kiir Mayardit Sudan People's Liberation Movement 2,616,61392.99
Lam Akol SPLM–Democratic Change 197,2177.01
Total2,813,830100.00
Total votes2,813,830
Registered voters/turnout4,539,83561.98
Source: National Electoral Commission

Legislative Assembly

PartySeats
Sudan People's Liberation Movement 161
SPLM–Democratic Change 1
National Congress 1
Independents7
Total170
Source: National Electoral Commission

Conduct

Election observers from the Cordoba Initiative said the election, as a whole, could not have been called a failure. Although the group did say that "This election satisfied many purposes and was what can be expected from a country that hosts elections for the first time in such a long while." [44] Western observers, from the EU and the Carter Centre, criticised the polls as "not meeting international standards". However, former US President Jimmy Carter made it clear the "international community" would recognise the winners. [45]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Sudan</span> Political developments in Sudan

Currently, the politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of a federal provisional government. Previously, a president was head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces in a de jure multi-party system. Legislative power was officially vested in both the government and in the two chambers, the National Assembly (lower) and the Council of States (higher), of the bicameral National Legislature. The judiciary is independent and obtained by the Constitutional Court. However, following a deadly civil war and the still ongoing genocide in Darfur, Sudan was widely recognized as a totalitarian state where all effective political power was held by President Omar al-Bashir and his National Congress Party (NCP). However, al-Bashir and the NCP were ousted in a military coup which occurred on April 11, 2019. The government of Sudan was then led by the Transitional Military Council or TMC. On 20 August 2019, the TMC dissolved giving its authority over to the Sovereignty Council of Sudan, who were planned to govern for 39 months until 2022, in the process of transitioning to democracy. However, the Sovereignty Council and the Sudanese government were dissolved in October 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omar al-Bashir</span> President of Sudan from 1989 to 2019

Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir is a Sudanese former military officer and politician who served as Sudan's head of state under various titles from 1989 until 2019, when he was deposed in a coup d'état. He was subsequently incarcerated, tried and convicted on multiple corruption charges. He came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier general in the Sudanese Army, he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi after it began negotiations with rebels in the south; he subsequently replaced President Ahmed al-Mirghani as head of state. He was elected three times as president in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud. In 1992, al-Bashir founded the National Congress Party, which remained the dominant political party in the country until 2019. In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur. On 11 February 2020, the Government of Sudan announced that it had agreed to hand over al-Bashir to the ICC for trial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Venezuela</span> Political elections for public offices in Venezuela

Elections in Venezuela are held at a national level for the President of Venezuela as head of state and head of government, and for a unicameral legislature. The President of Venezuela is elected for a six-year term by direct election plurality voting, and is eligible for re-election. The National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) has 277 members (diputados), elected for five-year terms using a mixed-member majoritarian representation system. Elections also take place at state level and local level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Garang</span> Sudanese politician (1945–2005)

Dr. John Garang De Mabior was a Sudanese politician and revolutionary leader. From 1983 to 2005, he led the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement as a commander in chief during the Second Sudanese Civil War. He briefly served as First Vice President of Sudan for three weeks, from the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005 until his death in a helicopter crash on July 30, 2005. A developmental economist by profession, Garang was one of the major influence on the movement that led to the foundation of South Sudan independence from the rule of the government of Omar Bashir the former president of Sudan (Khartoum).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Sudan</span> Political elections for public offices in Sudan

In typical elections, Sudan elects on a national level head of state – the president – and a legislature. In the election of 2010, there were two presidential elections, one for the Presidency of the Republic of Sudan and one for the Presidency of the Government of Southern Sudan. Elections for the unicameral, 360-member National Assembly were last held in April 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Congress Party (Sudan)</span> 1998–2019 ruling party of Sudan

The National Congress Party was a major political party that dominated domestic politics in Sudan from its foundation until the Sudanese Revolution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salva Kiir Mayardit</span> President of South Sudan since 2011

Salva Kiir Mayardit, also known as Salva Kiir, is a South Sudanese politician who has been the President of South Sudan since its independence on 9 July 2011. Prior to independence, he was the President of the Government of Southern Sudan, as well as First Vice President of Sudan, from 2005 to 2011. He was named Commander-in-Chief of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLM/A) in 2005, following the death of John Garang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudan People's Liberation Movement</span> Political party in South Sudan

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement is a political party in South Sudan. It was initially founded as the political wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army in 1983. On January 9, 2005 the SPLA, the SPLM and the Government of Sudan signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, ending the civil war. SPLM then obtained representation in the Government of Sudan, and was the main constituent of the Government of the then semi-autonomous Southern Sudan. When South Sudan became a sovereign state on 9 July 2011, SPLM became the ruling party of the new republic. SPLM branches in Sudan separated themselves from SPLM, forming the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North. Further factionalism appeared as a result of the 2013–2014 South Sudanese Civil War, with President Salva Kiir leading the SPLM-Juba and former Vice President Riek Machar leading the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of South Sudan</span> Political system of South Sudan

The politics of South Sudan concern the system of government in the Republic of South Sudan, a country in East Africa, and the people, organizations, and events involved in it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 South Sudanese independence referendum</span>

A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abyei</span> Condominium of South Sudan and Sudan

The Abyei Area is an area of 10,546 km2 or 4,072 sq mi on the border between South Sudan and Sudan that has been accorded "special administrative status" by the 2004 Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. The capital of the Abyei Area is Abyei Town. Under the terms of the Abyei Protocol, the Abyei Area is considered, on an interim basis, to be simultaneously part of both the Republic of South Sudan and Republic of Sudan, effectively a condominium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yasir Arman</span> Sudanese politician (born 1952)

Yasir Said Arman is a Sudanese politician and a leading figure in the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM). He was the SPLM's deputy secretary-general for the northern sector and its spokesman. Initially he was presented as the SPLM candidate for the April 2010 presidential election, but the party later chose to boycott the presidential election. After South Sudan's independence on July 9, 2011, and the creation of a separate SPLM party in the Republic of the Sudan, Arman has become the secretary general of the SPLM-N.

Fatima Abdel Mahmoud was a Sudanese politician, leader of the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union. In 1973 she was one of the first women to hold political office in Sudan, and she took part in the April 2010 Sudanese general election as the country's first female presidential candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North</span> Political party and militant organisation in Sudan

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North, or SPLM–N, is a political party and militant organisation in the Republic of the Sudan, based in the states of Blue Nile and South Kordofan. The group's armed forces are formally known as the Sudan People's Liberation Army–North or SPLA–N. As of 2017, its two factions, SPLM-N (Agar) and SPLM-N (al-Hilu) were engaged in fighting each other and against the government of Sudan, and as of 2023, the al-Hilu faction is fighting the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), while the leader of the Agar faction was appointed into the military-run government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malik Agar</span> Sudanese politician and insurgent leader

Malik Agar is a Sudanese politician and former insurgent leader who was active in the insurgency in Blue Nile state. Since 2023, he has been the deputy chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council, Sudan's ruling military junta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taban Deng Gai</span> South Sudanese politician

Taban Deng Gai is a South Sudanese politician who has been one of the Vice Presidents of South Sudan in the unity government since February 2020. He served as the First Vice President of South Sudan from 23 July 2016 to February 2020. He was mining minister before being appointed as acting first vice president.

Angelina Jany Teny is a South Sudanese politician who served as Minister of Defence since March 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 South Sudanese general election</span>

General elections are scheduled to be held in South Sudan on 22 December 2024, the first since independence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 Sudanese general election</span> Re-election of President Omar al-Bashir

General elections were held in Sudan on 13–16 April 2015 to elect the President and the National Assembly. They were originally scheduled for 2 April, but were delayed by eleven days. These were the first elections to be held following the secession of South Sudan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Sudanese general election in Jonglei</span>

Elections were held in Jonglei State on 10–15 April 2010 as part of the 2010 Sudanese general election, with voting for President of Sudan, National Assembly of Sudan, President of Southern Sudan, Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly, Governor of Jonglei State and the Jonglei State Legislative Assembly. The elections were the first in Sudan for over two decades, held in the aftermath of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Government of Sudan of Omar al-Bashir. The election was carried out in precarious security conditions, with ethnic conflicts prevalent in the state. The elections were won by the SPLM, with the exception of a handful of seats. Disputes over the election results led to the outbreak of two armed insurgencies.

References

  1. 1 2 BREAKING NEWS: Sudan election board extends voting period for two days Archived 2019-06-06 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Tribune. 12 April 2010
  2. "IFES Election Guide – Country Profile: Sudan – Elections". Electionguide.org. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  3. SUDAN: Elections in a volatile climate IRIN Africa. 19 February 2010
  4. 1 2 "President Omar al-Bashir declared winner of Sudan poll". BBC News. 2010-04-26. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
  5. "Elections In Sudan: President Al-Bashir Re-elected". Bernama. 2010-04-27. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  6. Sudan election 'could be delayed' BBC News. 11 September 2008
  7. Sudan elections put back to 2010 BBC News. 2 April 2009
  8. Sudan may delay 2010 elections Sudan Tribune. 10 June 2009
  9. Sudan dismisses new delay of general elections Sudan Tribune. 12 June 2009
  10. Sudan delays presidential ballot BBC News. 30 June 2009
  11. 1 2 "Sudan announces details of contested census results". Sudan Tribune. 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
  12. "Funds row delays key Sudan census". BBC News. 2 September 2007.
  13. "Sudan's census delayed to April 2008". Sudan Tribune. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  14. "Democracy: A Key to Peace In Sudan | Enough". Enough Project. 2008-05-14. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  15. "Sudan census delayed till year end raising doubt on 2009 elections". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  16. "BREAKING NEWS: Sudan president and SPLM chairman resolve census row". Sudan Tribune. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  17. "Sudan says 90 percent covered on last day of census". Sudan Tribune. 7 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  18. "Sudan preliminary census results released – report". Sudan Tribune. 11 July 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  19. "Sudan parties close to election bill deal". Sudan Tribune. 10 February 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  20. "SPLM slams NCP over possible adoption of Sudan elections law". Sudan Tribune. 26 February 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  21. "Sudan signs crucial election law". BBC News. 8 July 2008.
  22. "Elections and the Probability of Violence in Sudan" (PDF). Harvard International Law Journal. May 24, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  23. Sudan CIA World Factbook
  24. "Sudanese legislators pass elections law". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  25. "Making Sense of Sudan » Blog Archive » Sudan's Census and the National Assembly Elections". Social Science Research Council. 2009-12-19. Archived from the original on 2011-05-29. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  26. Marc Gustafson (2010). "Electoral Designs" (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  27. "Sudanese official says elections will be conducted in all of Darfur". Sudan Tribune. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  28. "SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections". Sudan Tribune. 30 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  29. "Eastern Sudan Beja, SPLM discuss electoral alliance". Sudan Tribune. August 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-05-05. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  30. "Sudan says 69 parties registered for elections - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". Sudan Tribune. 15 June 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  31. "SPLM, opposition parties may nominate Sudan ex-PM as presidential candidate - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". Sudan Tribune. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  32. "Sudan Electoral Commission Advisor Says Upcoming Vote Will be Credible | Africa | English". Voice of America. 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  33. "Yassir Arman quits Sudan presidential poll". BBC News. 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  34. "Sudan Islamists name presidential candidate", AFP, January 2, 2010.
  35. Carter backs two-day voting extension and says suggested delay was a mistake Archived 2011-02-08 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Votes
  36. Sudan 'poll shooting' kills nine Al Jazeera English
  37. Sudan opposition claims video shows election fraud BBC News. 20 April 2010
  38. Southern Sudan opposition leader contests poll result BBC News. 27 April 2010
  39. Electoral Designs Archived 2014-04-26 at the Wayback Machine Rift Valley Institute. 25 May 2010
  40. Polling process of Sudan elections ends, ballot count to begin People's Daily Online
  41. 27 MPs declared winners by default in Sudan elections Archived 2019-10-26 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Tribune
  42. Election Results of the National Assembly Archived 2011-05-29 at the Wayback Machine SSRC Making Sense of Sudan
  43. "Sudan's al-Bashir wins landmark presidential poll". France 24. 2010-04-26. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
  44. Sudan poll given a thumbs up Sudan poll given a thumbs up Al Jazeera English
  45. Dream election result for Sudan's President Bashir BBC News. 27 April 2010