2021 Armenian political crisis

Last updated

2021 Armenian coup d'état attempt
Part of 2020–2021 Armenian protests
Date25 February 2021 (2021-02-25) – 28 March 2021 (2021-03-28)
Location
Result
Belligerents

Flag of Armenia.svg General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces
Political support: Homeland Salvation Movement [5]

Contents

Self-declared non-involvement:

President [7]
National Security Service [8]
Police [9]
Prosecutor General's Office [10]
Bright Armenia

Pashinyan government
Supported by:

Political support:

Commanders and leaders
Onik Gasparyan (Chief of the General Staff)
Serzh Sargsyan (alleged by Pashinyan) [14]
Armen Sargsyan (President)
Armen Abazyan (Director of the NSS)
Vahe Ghazaryan (Chief of Police)
Artur Davtyan (Prosecutor General)
Nikol Pashinyan (Prime Minister)
Vagharshak Harutiunyan (Defense Minister)
Strength
March 1: 5,000 [15] —40,000 (claimed) [16] N/A March 1: 20,000 [17] —60,000 (claimed) [18]

The 2021 Armenian political crisis was an alleged military coup attempt by the Armed Forces of Armenia led by the Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces Onik Gasparyan against the government of Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan. Pashinyan accused Gasparyan and 40 other high-ranking military officers of attempting a coup after they published a statement calling for Pashinyan's resignation on 25 February 2021.

Background

Anti-government protests calling for the resignation of Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan have been ongoing in Armenia since the country's defeat in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.

On 23 February 2021, Pashinyan gave an interview where, in response to claims made by former president Serzh Sargsyan, he cast doubt on the effectiveness of Armenia's Russian-supplied 9K720 Iskander missiles, implying that they were ineffective when used during the war against Azerbaijan. [19] The next day, first deputy chief of the General Staff Tiran Khachatryan gave an interview where he reportedly laughed derisively at Pashinyan's claim about the missiles' effectiveness; Khachatryan was dismissed from his post hours later. [20]

Alleged coup attempt

On 25 February 2021, Armenian Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces Onik Gasparyan said in a statement signed by 40 top officers that Pashinyan and the government "are no longer able to make proper decisions in this fateful moment of crisis for the Armenian people", adding that their demand was triggered by Pashinyan's dismissal of the first deputy chief of the General Staff Tiran Khachatryan a day earlier. [21]

Pashinyan responded to the statement by calling it an attempted military coup and called on his allies to gather in the capital Yerevan’s main Republic Square. [22] [23] [24] Pashinyan also signed an order dismissing Onik Gasparyan from his post. [25] While Pashinyan rallied his supporters in Republic Square, the opposition coalition called the Homeland Salvation movement held a parallel rally in Freedom Square in support of the generals' declaration. [26] During his speech to his supporters, Pashinyan again suggested snap elections as the solution to the political crisis but stated that he would only resign at the demand of the Armenian people. [26]

Protesters led by the Homeland Salvation Movement barricaded streets around parliament overnight and set up tents to add pressure on the government to step aside. Another protest was called for at 13:00 the next day. [27]

Two days later Armenian President Armen Sarksyan refused the order from Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan to dismiss Onik Gasparyan, saying parts of the decree were in violation of the constitution. Pashinyan immediately resent the motion to dismiss Gasparyan to the president. [28] On 27 February, more than 15,000 protested in the capital Yerevan calling for Pashinyan to resign. [29]

On 1 March, Pashinyan and the opposition again held rival rallies. Pashinyan accused Onik Gasparyan of treason and alleged that he issued the statement calling for Pashinyan's resignation at the suggestion of former president Serzh Sargsyan. [30]

On 2 March, President Armen Sarksyan declared his decision once again not to sign the motion to dismiss Gasparyan and to make a separate appeal to the Constitutional Court of Armenia regarding the decision. [31] However, as he did not send the motion itself to the Constitutional Court for review, Gasparyan's dismissal is to come into effect by force of law. [32] [33] In accordance with the Armenian Constitution, Gasparyan is supposed to be relieved from his post on 4 March, although the General Staff announced that Gasparyan will stay in his role for eight days after the president makes his appeal to the Constitutional Court. [34] [35] On 5 March, Andranik Kocharyan, the chairman of the Armenian parliament committee on defense and security, stated that Gasparyan's responsibilities are being fulfilled by Defense Minister Vagharshak Harutiunyan. [36]

On 28 March Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan announced he would resign in April, stating that his resignation was in order to hold snap elections in June. [4]

Reactions

Domestic

Both pro-government and opposition rallies were held in the capital Yerevan on 25 February. [37] On 1 March, protesters stormed a government building in Yerevan to demand Nikol Pashinyan's resignation. [38] The leader of the second largest opposition faction in parliament, Edmon Marukyan, suggested an agreement between the government and the parliamentary opposition by which the government would initiate snap elections but stop attempts to dismiss Onik Gasparyan from his post. [39]

International

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