2022 Italian referendum

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A five-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 12 June 2022. Voters were asked to decide on the repeal of five articles or decrees relating to the functions of the Italian judicial system. Each of the five questions were submitted by nine Italian regions, all governed by the centre-right coalition. [1]

Contents

The 2022 Italian local elections were held on the same day.

Procedure

Article 75 of the Constitution of Italy provides the possibility to hold a referendum to abolish a law or part of it. According to the law 352/70, the request for a referendum must either come from 500,000 signatures or the approval of the resolutions voted by at least five regional councils. The signatures must be collected on special forms with the object of the referendum on it, and they must be authenticated by a public officer. All Italian citizens who are able to vote can sign a referendum. Since August 2021, it is possible to collect signatures by using a digital ID too. [2]

The signatures or the resolutions must be filed by 30 September of each year at the Central Office for the referendum at the Court of Cassation. The filing cannot take place in the year prior to a general election and in the six months following the election in order to avoid any overlapping. The Central Office must evaluate by 15 December the compliance of the rules of the proposed referendum according to the previous prerequisite by checking the validity of each signature collected or if the law the referendum intend to abolish is still in force.

Following the approval of the prerequisite of the proposed referendum, the Constitutional Court must set the date of the deliberation in the Council Chamber no later than 20 January of the following year, and it must appoint a Judge Rapporteur. The Constitutional Court, after the meeting in the Council Chamber, must pronounce if the requested referendum is ratified or rejected. According to the second paragraph of Article 75, the referendum as their object taxes, the State budget, amnesty and the international treaties, cannot take place. If a referendum is allowed, the President of the Republic sets the date for the referendum, which must take place in a date between 15 April and 15 June. A referendum, in order to be valid, must be voted by at least 50% and 1 of the people entitled to vote, and it must be approved by the 50% and 1 of the voters. [3] [4]

Referendum initiative

Maurizio Turco, Secretary of the Transnational Radical Party, announced the intention to start collecting signatures for a new referendum regarding justice, following a scandal that involved the CSM. [5] During an interview at Porta a Porta in May 2021, Matteo Salvini, the leader of Lega, said he would join the Radical Party's campaign. He believed that a justice reform would never be approved in Parliament with the Democratic Party and the Five Star Movement. [6]

On 2 July, the Committee Just Justice Referendum started the collection of signatures, to get 1 million signatures before September. [7] [8] Secretary of the Democratic Party Enrico Letta defined the referendum as propaganda, accusing Salvini of wanting to buy time, announcing that he wanted to file his own bill on justice. [9] The President of the National Magistrate Association Giuseppe Santalucia was also criticized the usage of the referendum, preferring the justice reforms under discussion in the Parliament. [10] On 7 August, Salvini claimed they were close to the goal of 500,000 signatures. [11]

The Cannabis Committee asked for an extension of the signature collection due date and the filing to the Court of Cassation; the cities were delaying the delivery of the signatures' certifications. [12] The Council of the Ministers approved on 29 September an extension for the collection of signatures to 31 October, with the desertion of the ministers of Lega, since it would have benefited the cannabis referendum they were against. [13]

Although the committee claimed to have collected at least 700,000 signatures for each of the six referendums, on 30 October, the committee filed the referendums to the Court of Cassation with the support of the resolutions voted by nine regional councils led by the centre-right coalition: Basilicata, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Lombardia, Piemonte, Sardegna, Sicilia, Umbria and Veneto. This choice led to a loss of 2.5 million euros reimbursement expected from the collection of signatures, thus excluding the Radical Party as representatives of the promoting committee since only the regional delegates (led by the centre-right) will be able to fund TV ads and collect subsidies as representatives of the referendum committee. [14] [15] [16]

On February, an order of the day promoted by Lega asked the government to merge in a single day the 2022 Italian local elections and the referendum. [17] The merger between two different kinds of elections are regulated by the Legislative Decree n. 98/2011, which doesn't include the abrogative referendum since the abstention can be used as a way to oppose the referendum (to be approved, an abrogative referendum must reach at least 50%+1 of turnout). The only time an abrogative referendum was held along with another election was in 2009, when the 2009 Italian referendum was merged to the second round of the 2009 Italian local elections; the 2020 Italian constitutional referendum was also held with 2020 Italian regional elections and 2020 Italian local elections. [18] Finally, the Council of the Ministers approved the merger of the first round of the Italian local elections and the referendum in a single day, on 12 June. [19] Only 8.5 million voters were called for the local elections during the first round, while the quorum requires at least 23 million of voters. [20]

Proposed referendum

Referendum 2022 facsimile scheda - Quesito 1.png
Referendum 2022 facsimile scheda - Quesito 2.png
Referendum 2022 facsimile scheda - Quesito 3.png
Referendum 2022 facsimile scheda - Quesito 4.png
Referendum 2022 facsimile scheda - Quesito 5.png
Ballot papers used in the referendum.

Abolition of Severino Law's enforcement decree

The first question aimed to repeal the automatic disqualification or suspension of politicians found guilty of crimes from the offices they hold. Law 190/2012, also known as the Severino law, named after then Justice Minister of the Monti Cabinet Paola Severino, aimed to fight corruption to increase transparency in the Public Administration and to identify cases of ineligibility for national or local election, as well as cases where suspension from public office is appropriate. Those who have received a sentence of more than two years in jail for crimes such as organized crime, terrorism, drug trafficking and crimes against the public administration were to be removed from public office, or suspended in case of a first instance judgment. [21]

A notable application of the decree was in 2013, when former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was sentenced to four years imprisonment and fined 7 million euros for tax fraud. [22] In October, the Committee on Election and Parliamentary Immunity ruled out the disqualification of Berlusconi, and the next month the Senate voted for his expulsion. [23] [24] Berlusconi filed an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights, but he withdrew his application after the Court of Milan rehabilitated him in 2018 after he completed a course of community service. [25] [26] [27]

The decree was also contested in 2014 by the Mayor of Salerno, Vincenzo De Luca, and the Mayor of Naples, Luigi De Magistris, who both were found guilty in a first instance judgment during two different trials and thus were suspended from their offices. [28] [29] Since the law doesn't rule out the eligibility of those who were condemned in a first instance judgment, De Luca could run in the meantime as President of Campania for the 2015 regional election, but was suspended for a short time immediately after he was elected. [30] [31] [32] The two mayors filed an appeal to the Regional Administrative Court (TAR), raising a question of constitutional legitimacy. They were both re-admitted and awaited a judgment filed to the Constitutional Court. [33] [34] However, the Constitutional Court ruled that the appeal was rejected and that the Severino Law was not unconstitutional. [35] [36] By the time the Constitutional Court rejected their appeals, the Appeal Court acquitted both of them, and thus they could return to their offices. [37] [38]

The Ordinary Court of Genoa raised a plea of constitutionality to the Constitutional Court due to the suspension of a regional councillor in a first instance judgment. In 2021, the Constitutional Court ruled that it found nothing unlawful in the Severino Law. [39]

The President of the National Association of Italian Municipalities and Mayor of Bari, Antonio Decaro, expressed his wish to change the Severino Law over the suspension of local politician, either by the Parliament or by the referendum. [40]

Pre-trial detention

In order to reduce the risk of re-offending before trial, a suspect may be detained pre-trial. The promoters of the article aimed to repeal the pre-trial detention motivated by risk of re-offending, leaving in place due to the risk of altering evidence or flight, reducing the consequence of detaining people subsequently found to be innocent. [41]

Separation of the functions of the magistrates

The promoters of the article aimed to disallow prosecutors from becoming judges and vice versa, forcing magistrates to choose at the beginning of their career whether they want to be prosecutors or judges. [41]

Lay members' vote in Judicial Councils

Judicial Councils are composed of two thirds of magistrates and one third of lay members (lawyers and university professors), but the latter are excluded from taking part in the four-yearly review of the magistrates' work and professionalism. The referendum promoters aim to remove the exclusion of lay members from taking part in the evaluation of magistrates. [42] [41]

Election of judges of the High Council of the Judiciary

The promoters aim to remove the requirement for 25 to 50 signatures in support of the candidacy of a magistrate for the High Council of the Judiciary. [41]

Rejected referendums

Campaign positions

Endorsements

Yes

Politicians
Judges
  • Vinicio Nardo, President of the Milan Bar Association (all questions) [56]
  • Carlo Nordio, former magistrate (all questions) [57]
  • Luca Palamara, former magistrate (all questions) [58]
  • Andrea Reale, GIP Trapani (5th question) [59]
Organisations
OrganisationsPolitical and cultural orientationLeadersEndorsed question(s)Source(s)
Unione delle Camere Penali Italiane (UCPI)
(Union of Italian Criminal Chambers)		Lawyer associationGian Domenico Caiazza1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th [60]
Organismo Congressuale Forense
(Bar Congressional Body)		Lawyer associationSergio PaparoAll questions [61]
Italiastatodidiritto
(Italyruleoflaw)		Lawyer associationGuido CameraAll questions [61]
Associazione Giustizia Giusta
(Just Justice Association)		Andrea PianiAll questions [61]
Newspapers
Newspaper or periodicalPolitical and cultural orientationEditor(s)Endorsed question(s)Source(s)
Il Riformista
(The Reformist)		LibertarianPiero SansonettiAll questions [62]
Tempi
(Times)		CatholicEmanuele BoffiAll questions [63]
LinkiestaLiberalismChristian Rocca3rd, 4th, 5th [64]

No

Politicians
Judges
  • Piercamillo Davigo, former togate member of the CSM [65]
  • Nicola Gratteri, former Chief Prosecutor of Catanzaro [65]
  • Roberto Scarpinato, former general prosecutor of Palermo [65]
Organisations
OrganisationsPolitical and cultural orientationLeadersSource(s)
Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia (ANPI)
(National Association of Italian Partisans)		Charitable foundationGianfranco Pagliarulo [66]
Newspapers
Newspaper or periodicalPolitical and cultural orientationEditor(s)Endorsed question(s)Source(s)
La Repubblica
(The Republic)		 Social democracy Maurizio Molinari All questions [67]

Committees

ChoiceCommitteeSpokesperson / PromotersWebsiteSource(s)
Yes check.svg YesComitato Io Dico Sì
(I Say Yes Committee)		Jacopo Morrone
Radical Party, Lega, FI, PSI, UdC, NPSI 		referendumgiustizia.it [61]
Comitato promotore Giustizia Giusta
(Just Justice Organizing Committee)		 Matteo Salvini, Maurizio Turco comitatogiustiziagiusta.it [61]
Comitato Garantista per il Sì
(Guarantist Committee for Yes)		Italia Europea, Comitato Ventotene garantistiperilsi.it [68]
Tutti Sì
(All Yes)		 More Europe [69]
Comitato SI per la Libertà, SI per la Giustizia
(Committee Yes for Liberty, Yes for Justice)		 Carlo Nordio unsiperlagiustizia.it [61]
Comitato 6G
(6G Committee)		Alfonso Fimiani comitato6g.it [61]
X mark.svg NoComitato Nazionale per il No sui referendum sulla giustizia
(National Committee for the No to the justice referendums)		Alleanza Giellista, Critica Liberale [70]
Comitato per il NO ai referendum sulla giustizia
(Committee for the No to the justice referendums)		Domenico Gallo [71]
Comitato il NO mediante il NON
(Committee No through Not)		Riccardo Mastrorillo ilnomedianteilnon.it [61]

Main political parties

PartyIdeologyLeader/s1st question2nd question3rd question4th question5th questionSource(s)
Five Star Movement (M5S) Populism Giuseppe Conte Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg [72]
League (Lega) Right-wing populism Matteo Salvini Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [61]
Democratic Party (PD) Social democracy Enrico Letta Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg [61] [73]
Forza Italia (FI) Liberal conservatism Silvio Berlusconi Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [74]
Brothers of Italy (FdI) National conservatism Giorgia Meloni Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [75] [76] [77]
Italia Viva (IV) Liberalism Matteo Renzi Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [78]
Coraggio Italia (CI) Liberal conservatism Luigi Brugnaro Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [79] [80]
Article One (Art.1) Social democracy Roberto Speranza No endorsementNo endorsementNo endorsementNo endorsementNo endorsement [81]
Action (A) Social liberalism Carlo Calenda Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [82]
Green Europe (EV) Green politics Angelo Bonelli, Eleonora Evi Un­knownUn­knownUn­knownUn­knownUn­known
Italian Left (SI) Democratic socialism Nicola Fratoianni Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg [83]
Italexit Hard euroscepticism Gianluigi Paragone AbstentionAbstentionAbstentionAbstentionAbstention [84]
More Europe (+E) Liberalism Benedetto Della Vedova Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [85]
Italian Radicals (RI) Liberalism Emma Bonino Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [86]
Italian Socialist Party (PSI) Social democracy Enzo Maraio Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [87]
New PSI (NPSI) Social democracy Lucio Barani Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [88]
Union of the Centre (UDC) Christian democracy Lorenzo Cesa Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [89]
Us with Italy (NcI) Christian democracy Maurizio Lupi Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svg [90]
Communist Party (PC) Communism Marco Rizzo Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg [91]
Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) Communism Maurizio Acerbo Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg [92]
Alternativa (A) Populism Pino Cabras Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgNo endorsement [93]

Opinion polls

Turnout

DatePolling FirmSample sizeTurnout
1st2nd3rd4th5th
24–26 May 2022 Termometro Politico 3,00032.6–46.7
18–23 May 2022 SWG 1,20026.0–30.0
17–19 May 2022 Ipsos 1,00029.029.031.027.027.0
10–12 May 2022 Demopolis 1,50030.0
4–9 May 2022 SWG 1,20031.0–35.031.0–35.031.0–35.029.0–33.029.0–33.0
16–18 Feb 2022 SWG 80037.028.036.028.028.0

Rejected referendum

DatePolling FirmSample sizeTurnout
Civil liability of magistratesCannabisEuthanasia
16–18 Feb 2022 SWG 80051.041.056.0

Questions

DatePolling FirmSample size1st question2nd question3rd question4th question5th question
Yes check.svgYesX mark.svgNoNone / Don't knowLeadYes check.svgYesX mark.svgNoNone / Don't knowLeadYes check.svgYesX mark.svgNoNone / Don't knowLeadYes check.svgYesX mark.svgNoNone / Don't knowLeadYes check.svgYesX mark.svgNoNone / Don't knowLead
18–23 May 2022 SWG 1,20042.058.023.016.046.054.032.08.071.029.034.042.066.034.035.032.059.041.036.018.0
17–19 May 2022 Ipsos 1,00011.014.04.03.011.013.05.02.021.04.06.017.015.06.06.09.014.06.07.08.0
10–12 May 2022 Demopolis 1,50032.058.010.026.033.052.015.019.051.024.025.027.0————————
4–9 May 2022 SWG 1,20024.054.022.030.029.038.033.09.047.022.031.025.039.025.036.014.035.029.036.06.0
16–18 Feb 2022 SWG 80014.066.020.052.026.046.028.020.064.015.021.043.053.016.031.022.039.023.038.016.0
The Constitutional Court approves the referendum (15–16 February)
15–17 Gen 2022 Ipsos 1,00020.026.054.06.017.026.057.09.036.010.054.026.028.012.060.016.023.011.066.012.0

Results

The referendum did not meet the minimum turnout quota of 50%, and therefore did not provide a valid outcome. Each of the five question ballots reached a turnout of less than 20.5%. [94]

Ineligibility after conviction
ChoiceVotes %
Light brown x.svg No4,501,87746.92
Yes5,093,09253.08
Valid votes9,594,96991.98
Invalid or blank votes836,8328.02
Total votes10,431,801100.00
Turnout required50.00
Registered voters/turnout50,910,47320.49
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Limitation of precautionary measures
ChoiceVotes %
Light brown x.svg No4,249,30544.63
Yes5,271,22855.37
Valid votes9,520,53391.33
Invalid or blank votes904,1058.67
Total votes10,424,638100.00
Turnout required50.00
Registered voters/turnout50,910,47320.48
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Separation of judiciary functions
ChoiceVotes %
Light brown x.svg No2,543,08126.74
Yes6,968,82973.26
Valid votes9,511,91091.22
Invalid or blank votes915,1248.78
Total votes10,427,034100.00
Turnout required50.00
Registered voters/turnout50,910,47320.48
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Lay members in judiciary councils
ChoiceVotes %
Light brown x.svg No2,705,34128.72
Yes6,715,10471.28
Valid votes9,420,44590.41
Invalid or blank votes999,2449.59
Total votes10,419,689100.00
Turnout required50.00
Registered voters/turnout50,910,47320.47
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Election of judges to the CSM
ChoiceVotes %
Light brown x.svg No2,684,18428.37
Yes6,776,49171.63
Valid votes9,460,67590.78
Invalid or blank votes961,1529.22
Total votes10,421,827100.00
Turnout required50.00
Registered voters/turnout50,910,47320.47
Source: Ministry of the Interior

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References

  1. ↑ "Referendum fine vita: perché è inammissibile e cosa può succedere adesso". Money.it (in Italian). 2022-02-15. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  2. ↑ "Via libera alle firme online per i referendum: la piattaforma per quello sull'eutanasia pronta a settembre". Open (in Italian). 12 August 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  3. ↑ "LEGGE 25 maggio 1970, n. 352 - Normattiva". www.normattiva.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  4. ↑ "Corte costituzionale -". www.cortecostituzionale.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  5. ↑ "Giustizia – Turco (Partito Radicale): dal caso Palamara i referendum per la giustizia giusta • PARTITO RADICALE Nonviolento Transpartito Transnazionale". PARTITO RADICALE Nonviolento Transpartito Transnazionale (in Italian). 5 February 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  6. ↑ ""Abolire la legge Severino". Salvini provoca di nuovo il governo: ora vuole raccogliere firme coi radicali per un referendum sulla giustizia". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 6 May 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  7. ↑ "Giustizia, al via raccolta firme per referendum targati Lega-Radicali". Adnkronos. 2 July 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  8. ↑ "Giustizia: Salvini,per referendum raccoglieremo un mln firme - Abruzzo". Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 5 July 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  9. ↑ "Giustizia e referendum, Radicali a Letta: "Pd è di sinistra, giusto?"". Adnkronos. 10 May 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  10. ↑ "Il presidente dell'Anm Santalucia contro i referendum radical-leghisti perché "adesso non aiutano le riforme della giustizia"" . la Repubblica (in Italian). 19 June 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  11. ↑ ""500mila firme per la Giustizia". E Salvini lancia la sfida sul Rdc". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 7 August 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  12. ↑ "Cannabis, governo verso la proroga dei termini per salvare il referendum dopo i ritardi dei Comuni: ovazione al presidio a Montecitorio". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 28 September 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  13. ↑ "Nuovo strappo della Lega: in Cdm non vota la proroga del referendum sulla cannabis". Dire.it (in Italian). 29 September 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  14. ↑ "Referendum Giustizia, Lega e Radicali senza soldi e spot: il quorum è a rischio" . Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  15. ↑ Merlo, Giulia. "Referendum giustizia, il mistero delle firme non depositate" . www.editorialedomani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  16. ↑ "Senza firme i referendum sono tutti della Lega". il manifesto. 30 October 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  17. ↑ "Referendum giustizia, approvato un odg della Lega che impegna il governo all'election day: "Votarli con il primo turno delle comunali"". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 22 February 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  18. ↑ Marini, Andrea (21 February 2022). "Referendum sulla giustizia ed elezioni insieme: precedenti solo nel 2009 e 2020". Il Sole 24 ORE (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  19. ↑ "Election day: amministrative e referendum il 12 giugno - Politica". Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 31 March 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  20. ↑ "Nemmeno le comunali salveranno il quorum". Lavoce.info (in Italian). 6 April 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  21. ↑ "Cosa stabilisce e come funziona la legge Severino". Agi (in Italian). Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  22. ↑ Dinmore, Guy (1 August 2013). "Berlusconi prison sentence upheld by court". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  23. ↑ "Il Senato vota sì alla decadenza. Berlusconi è fuori dal Parlamento". la Repubblica (in Italian). 27 November 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  24. ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi ousted from Italian parliament after tax fraud conviction". the Guardian. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  25. ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi given community service for tax fraud". the Guardian. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  26. ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi, il Tribunale ha concesso la riabilitazione: stop agli effetti della Severino. Ora è candidabile". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 12 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  27. ↑ "Silvio Berlusconi, Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo archivia ricorso su legge Severino. Come voleva l'ex premier". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 27 November 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  28. ↑ "Why Not, condannati de Magistris e Genchi. Il sindaco: "Errore giudiziario"". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 24 September 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  29. ↑ "Salerno, De Luca sospeso dalla carica di sindaco dopo la condanna". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 23 January 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  30. ↑ "L'ingarbugliato caso De Luca". Il Post (in Italian). 3 March 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  31. ↑ "Vincenzo De Luca è stato sospeso da presidente della Campania". Il Post (in Italian). 27 June 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  32. ↑ "Vincenzo De Luca può fare il presidente della Campania". Il Post (in Italian). 2 July 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  33. ↑ "De Magistris torna a fare il sindaco, il Tar accoglie il suo ricorso". la Repubblica (in Italian). 30 October 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  34. ↑ "Legge Severino: de Magistris non sarà sospeso. "Abbiamo fatto giurisprudenza"". la Repubblica (in Italian). 25 June 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  35. ↑ "Perché si parla di nuovo della legge Severino". Il Post (in Italian). 21 October 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  36. ↑ ""Legge Severino è costituzionale, ricorso infondato". De Magistris verso la sospensione. E anche De Luca trema". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 20 October 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  37. ↑ "De Luca assolto in Appello nel Processo termovalorizzatore di Salerno IL VIDEO". TCS Telecolore Salerno (in Italian). 5 February 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  38. ↑ "De Magistris assolto in appello nel caso Why not". La Stampa (in Italian). 21 October 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  39. ↑ ""SEVERINO LAW": THE AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION OF A REGIONAL COUNCILLOR WHOSE CRIMINAL CONVICTION HAS NOT YET BECOME FINAL DOES NOT VIOLATE THE ECHR" (PDF). Press Office of the Constitutional Court. 11 March 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  40. ↑ "Giustizia, Decaro (Anci): la legge Severino va cambiata". Askanews (in Italian). 23 February 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  41. 1 2 3 4 "Quel che c'è da sapere dei referendum sulla giustizia". RaiNews (in Italian). Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  42. ↑ "Come valutare i magistrati". la Repubblica (in Italian). 20 December 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  43. ↑ "Referendum eutanasia, depositate in Cassazione 1,2 milioni di firme". Il Sole 24 ORE (in Italian). 8 October 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  44. ↑ "Eutanasia, caso dj Fabo, storica sentenza della Corte Costituzionale: aiuto al suicidio non sempre punibile". la Repubblica (in Italian). 25 September 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  45. ↑ "La Consulta congela il fine vita: il Parlamento faccia una legge". La Stampa (in Italian). 25 October 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  46. ↑ "La Corte Costituzionale ha respinto il referendum sull'eutanasia". Il Post (in Italian). 15 February 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  47. ↑ "Referendum Cannabis, depositate le firme in Cassazione: 'Quella attuale è una legge schizofrenica'". Repubblica TV - Repubblica (in Italian). 28 October 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  48. ↑ "Cannabis legale, tutto quello che c'è da sapere sul referendum: dalla coltivazione per uso personale alle condotte che restano reato". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  49. ↑ "La Corte Costituzionale ha respinto il referendum sulla cannabis". Il Post (in Italian). 16 February 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  50. ↑ "Referendum bocciati, Consulta: 'Manipolativo e non chiaro quello su responsabilità civile dei giudici'". la Repubblica (in Italian). 2 March 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  51. ↑ "Come funziona e che cosa prevede il referendum sulla caccia". Pagella Politica (in Italian). Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  52. ↑ "Referendum caccia, le firme raccolte non erano 520 mila • IoCaccio.it". IoCaccio.it (in Italian). 24 January 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  53. ↑ "Referendum, Bruno Bossio (Pd): voterò si' a tutti i quesiti, Pd sia coerente". 9Colonne (in Italian). Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  54. ↑ "Perché dire sì ai referendum sulla giustizia dei radicali (anche se c'è la Lega)". www.ilfoglio.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  55. ↑ "Quell'ala garantista del Pd che vuole due giorni di voto". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 6 April 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  56. ↑ "Solo i referendum possono cambiare la giustizia: gli avvocati si schierino". www.ildubbio.news (in Italian). 28 April 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  57. ↑ ""Errore il referendum in una sola giornata. Un fronte garantista per una nuova giustizia"". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 4 April 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  58. ↑ "Referendum, la primavera della giustizia: "Vi spiego perché è necessario andare a votare"". Il Riformista (in Italian). 3 April 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  59. ↑ ""Serve un segnale ai politici. Io toga dico sì ai referendum"". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 2 November 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  60. ↑ "La Giunta UCPI sui referendum Giustizia". www.camerepenali.it (in Italian). Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Elenco dei soggetti politici ai sensi dell'articolo 2 della delibera n. 135/22/CONS" (pdf). AGCOM. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  62. ↑ "Referendum giustizia, cosa prevedono i 6 quesiti e come firmare". Il Riformista (in Italian). 13 September 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  63. ↑ "Referendum giustizia a rischio boomerang". Tempi (in Italian). 26 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  64. ↑ "Appello liberal per tre Sì - Perché il 12 giugno dobbiamo votare a favore dei referendum sulla giustizia". Linkiesta.it (in Italian). 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  65. 1 2 3 "Davigo e Gratteri si scagliano contro il referendum sulla giustizia alla festa del Fatto". Il Riformista (in Italian). 7 September 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  66. ↑ "La Segreteria nazionale ANPI: "I referendum del 12 giugno sono irrilevanti ai fini di una seria riforma della giustizia"". ANPI (in Italian). Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  67. ↑ "Referendum giustizia, perché diciamo No". la Repubblica (in Italian). 10 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  68. ↑ "È nato il comitato garantista per il sì ai referendum sulla giustizia". Linkiesta.it (in Italian). 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  69. ↑ "Presentazione del Comitato Tutti Sì per i referendum sulla cannabis, sull'eutanasia e sulla riforma della giustizia". Radio Radicale (in Italian). 9 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  70. ↑ "Referendum giustizia, nasce il Comitato per il No col fine di non arrivare al quorum: l'appello". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 22 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  71. ↑ "Giustizia, costituito il Comitato per il No ai 5 referendum Presidente è Domenico Gallo. Ne fanno parte Villone, Spataro, Grandi, Beschi - Conquiste del Lavoro". www.conquistedellavoro.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  72. ↑ "Referendum giustizia, Conte: "M5S orientato a respingere quesiti"". Adnkronos. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  73. ↑ Piccolillo, Virginia (21 February 2022). "Letta schiera il Pd: sulla giustizia no a due referendum su tre". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  74. ↑ "Tajani: "Forza Italia sosterrà i referendum se il Parlamento non farà una legge"". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 17 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  75. ↑ Caro, Paola Di (16 February 2022). "Referendum, Salvini esulta: parola agli italiani. Ma Meloni non ne sosterrà due". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  76. ↑ "FdI frena su referendum: "Sosterremo solo 2 sulla giustizia"". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 16 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  77. ↑ Sforzini, Valeria (7 April 2021). "Giustizia, Meloni aderisce ai referendum (tranne due)". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  78. ↑ "Referendum, vera arma per riformare la giustizia "Ma si voti su due giorni"". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 23 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  79. ↑ "Referendum, il fronte del No: asse (in tv) Pd-M5S". www.ildubbio.news (in Italian). 12 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  80. ↑ "Coraggio Italia - Referendum Giustizia - 12 giugno 2022". Facebook (in Italian). 1 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  81. ↑ "Referendum: Scotto, strumento più sbagliato per affrontare nodi giustizia". Articolo Uno (in Italian). Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  82. ↑ ""Errore un solo giorno per i referendum. Pd e M5s giustizialisti"". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 3 April 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  83. ↑ "Referendum, Fratoianni a Genova: 'Puzza di insofferenza contro la legalità'". Fivedabliu.it (in Italian). 8 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  84. ↑ Goriziano, Il. "Paragone lancia De Marco a Gorizia, "dobbiamo uscire dall'Europa"". Il Goriziano (in Italian). Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  85. ↑ Radicale, Radio (9 February 2022). "Presentazione del Comitato Tutti Sì per i referendum sulla cannabis, sull'eutanasia e sulla riforma della giustizia". Radio Radicale (in Italian). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  86. ↑ "Più Europa, Azione, Italia Viva, Psi e Radicali italiani: "Referendum. cinque SÌ sulla giustizia giusta"". 28 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  87. ↑ "La mobilitazione socialista sui referendum per la Giustizia: intervista a Enzo Maraio". 2022-04-13.
  88. ↑ "Referendum giustizia, al voto il 12 giugno. Ecco i cinque quesiti su cui nessuno sa di dover votare". 5 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  89. ↑ "Giustizia: Binetti (Udc), ok a referendum buona notizia". 2022-02-16.
  90. ↑ "Giustizia, Maurizio Lupi chiede il sì al referendum/". 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  91. ↑ "COMMENTI AI QUESITI REFERENDARI SULLA GIUSTIZIA". 26 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  92. ↑ "Collegamento, in diretta, con Maurizio Acerbo sui 5 referendum sulla Giustizia del 12 giugno 2022". 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  93. ↑ "Referendum del 12 giugno: difendiamo la giustizia!". Alternativa (in Italian). 25 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  94. ↑ Bozza, Claudio (13 June 2022). "Al voto solo 2 italiani su 10: il flop più grande di tutti i 79 referendum". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 13 June 2022.
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