35th United States Congress

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35th United States Congress
34th  ←
→  36th
The U.S. Capitol under construction, 1860 - NARA - 530494.jpg
United States Capitol (1860)
March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1859
Members66 senators
237 representatives
7 non-voting delegates
Senate majority Democratic
Senate President John C. Breckinridge (D)
House majority Democratic
House Speaker James L. Orr (D)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1857 – March 14, 1857
1st: December 7, 1857 – June 14, 1858
Special: June 15, 1858 – June 16, 1858
2nd: December 6, 1858 – March 3, 1859

The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859, during the first two years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

Contents

Major events

Major legislation

Treaties

States admitted

Party summary

Senate

Group photo of the U.S. Senate, in 1859, during this Congress. 35th Congress, U.S. Senate, 1859 - NARA - 528319.jpg
Group photo of the U.S. Senate, in 1859, during this Congress.

During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Minnesota and Oregon.

Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
Know
Nothing
(A)		 Democratic
(D)		 Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 2 40 20 [lower-alpha 1] 620
Begin 4 37 20 61 1
End 42 660
Final voting share6.1% 63.6% 30.3%
Beginning of next congress 2 38 26660

House of Representatives

During this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Minnesota and one House seat was added for the new state of Oregon.

Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
Know
Nothing
(A)		 Democratic
(D)		 Independent
Democratic
(ID)		 Republican
(R)		Other
End of previous congress 52 81 0 97 [lower-alpha 2] 02304
Begin 14 127 0 92 0 233 1
End 130 1 2370
Final voting share5.9% 54.9% 0.4% 38.8% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 6 84 7 113 252352

Leadership

Senate

President of the Senate John C. Breckinridge John C Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg
President of the Senate
John C. Breckinridge

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1862; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1860.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Senate changes
State
(class)		Vacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [lower-alpha 3]
Tennessee
(1)		VacantLegislature had failed to elect.
Successor elected October 8, 1857.		 Andrew Johnson (D)October 8, 1857
South Carolina
(3)		 Andrew Butler (D)Died May 25, 1857.
Successor elected December 7, 1857.		 James H. Hammond (D)December 7, 1857
New Hampshire
(3)		 James Bell (R)Died May 26, 1857.
Successor elected June 27, 1857.		 Daniel Clark (R)June 27, 1857
Texas
(1)		 Thomas J. Rusk (D)Died July 29, 1857.
Successor appointed November 9, 1857.		 J. Pinckney Henderson (D)November 9, 1857
North Carolina
(3)		 Asa Biggs (D)Resigned May 5, 1858, to become judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of North Carolina.
Successor appointed May 7, 1858.
Appointee elected November 23, 1858.		 Thomas L. Clingman (D)May 7, 1858
South Carolina
(2)		 Josiah J. Evans (D)Died May 6, 1858.
Successor appointed May 11, 1858.		 Arthur P. Hayne (D)May 11, 1858
Minnesota
(1)		New seatMinnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day. Henry M. Rice (D)May 11, 1858
Minnesota
(2)		New seatMinnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day. James Shields (D)May 11, 1858
Texas
(1)		 J. Pinckney Henderson (D)Died June 4, 1858.
Successor appointed September 27, 1858.		 Matthias Ward (D)September 27, 1858
South Carolina
(2)		 Arthur P. Hayne (D)Interim appointee retired.
Successor elected December 2, 1858.		 James Chesnut Jr. (D)December 3, 1858
Oregon
(2)		New seatOregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day. Delazon Smith (D)February 14, 1859
Oregon
(3)		New seatOregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day. Joseph Lane (D)February 14, 1859

House of Representatives

House changes
DistrictVacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation [lower-alpha 3]
Missouri 3rd VacantRep. James S. Green was elected to this term but resigned after being elected in turn to the US Senate John B. Clark (D)Seated December 7, 1857
Indiana 10th Samuel Brenton (R)Died March 29, 1857 Charles Case (R)Seated December 7, 1857
Pennsylvania 12th John G. Montgomery (D)Died April 24, 1857 Paul Leidy (D)Seated December 7, 1857
Indiana 1st James Lockhart (D)Died September 7, 1857 William E. Niblack (D)Seated December 7, 1857
Massachusetts 7th Nathaniel P. Banks (R)Resigned December 24, 1857, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts Daniel W. Gooch (R)Seated January 31, 1858
North Carolina 8th Thomas L. Clingman (D)Resigned May 7, 1858, after being appointed to the US Senate Zebulon B. Vance (D)Seated December 7, 1858
Minnesota At-Large New seatMinnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 James M. Cavanaugh (D)Seated May 11, 1858
Minnesota Territory At-Large William W. Kingsbury (D)Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858Seat eliminated
Minnesota At-Large New seatMinnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 William W. Phelps (D)Seated May 11, 1858
Ohio 3rd Lewis D. Campbell (R)Lost contested election May 25, 1858 Clement Vallandigham (D)Seated May 25, 1858
Mississippi 5th John A. Quitman (D)Died July 17, 1858 John J. McRae (D)Seated December 7, 1858
Pennsylvania 8th J. Glancy Jones (D)Resigned October 30, 1858 William H. Keim (R)Seated December 7, 1858
Illinois 6th Thomas L. Harris (D)Died November 24, 1858 Charles D. Hodges (D)Seated January 4, 1859
New York 4th John Kelly (D)Resigned December 25, 1858 Thomas J. Barr (D)Seated January 7, 1859
Oregon Territory At-Large Joseph Lane (D)Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859Seat eliminated
Oregon At-Large New seatOregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 La Fayette Grover (D)Seated February 14, 1859

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 United States representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
  1. ↑ Opposition
  2. ↑ Opposition
  3. 1 2 When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

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References

Specific citations
  1. ↑ Charles J. Kappler, ed. (1904). "Treaty with the Ponca, 1858". Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2013-11-09. The Ponca tribe of Indians hereby cede and relinquish to the United States all the lands now owned or claimed by them, wherever situate, except the tract bounded as follows, viz: Beginning at a point on the Neobrara River and running due north, so as to intersect the Ponca River 25 miles from its mouth; thence from said point of intersection, up and along the Ponca River, twenty — miles; thence due south to the Neobrara River; and thence down and along said river to the place of beginning...
General references
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