The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was a functional commission within the overall framework of the United Nations from 1946 until it was replaced by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2006. It was a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC),and was also assisted in its work by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR). It was the UN's principal mechanism and international forum concerned with the promotion and protection of human rights.
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was an international court established in November 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 955 in order to adjudicate people charged for the Rwandan genocide and other serious violations of international law in Rwanda,or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states,between 1 January and 31 December 1994. The court eventually convicted 61 individuals and acquitted 14.
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide,war crimes,crimes against humanity,and the crime of aggression.
Lyal S. Sunga is a well-known specialist on international human rights law,international humanitarian law and international criminal law.
The Responsibility to Protect is a global political commitment which was endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit in order to address its four key concerns to prevent genocide,war crimes,ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. The doctrine is regarded as a unanimous and well-established international norm over the past two decades.
Gregory H. Stanton is the former research professor in Genocide Studies and Prevention at the George Mason University in Fairfax County,Virginia,United States. He is best known for his work in the area of genocide studies. He is the founder and president of Genocide Watch,the founder and director of the Cambodian Genocide Project,and the Chair of the Alliance Against Genocide. From 2007 to 2009 he was the president of the International Association of Genocide Scholars.
Mukesh Kapila M.D. CBE is an author,medical doctor,professor,and senior humanitarian.
Francis Mading Deng is a politician and diplomat from South Sudan who served as the newly independent country's first ambassador to the United Nations from 2012 to July 2016.
John Hocking of Australia is the United Nations Assistant Secretary-General,Registrar of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). He served concurrently as the Registrar of the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (UNMICT) from January 2012 until December 2016.
Hassan Bubacar Jallow is a Gambian judge who has served as Chief Justice of the Gambia since February 2017. He was the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2003 to 2016,and Prosecutor of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) from 2012 to 2016,both at the rank of United Nations Under Secretary-General. He served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General from 1984 to 1994 under President Dawda Jawara.
William Anthony Schabas,OC is a Canadian academic specialising in international criminal and human rights law. He is professor of international law at Middlesex University in the United Kingdom,professor of international human law and human rights at Leiden University in the Netherlands,and an internationally respected expert on human rights law,genocide and the death penalty.
United Nations Security Council resolution 935,adopted unanimously on 1 July 1994,after recalling all resolutions on Rwanda,particularly 918 (1994) and 925 (1994),the Council requested the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to establish a Commission of Experts to investigate violations of international humanitarian law during the Rwandan genocide.
Mohamed Chande Othman is a Tanzanian lawyer and a former Chief Justice of Tanzania.
The term international framework of sexual violence refers to the collection of international legal instruments –such as treaties,conventions,protocols,case law,declarations,resolutions and recommendations –developed in the 20th and 21st century to address the problem of sexual violence. The framework seeks to establish and recognise the right all human beings to not experience sexual violence,to prevent sexual violence from being committed wherever possible,to punish perpetrators of sexual violence,and to provide care for victims of sexual violence. The standards set by this framework are intended to be adopted and implemented by governments around the world in order to protect their citizens against sexual violence.
Sidiki Kaba,is a Senegalese politician currently serving in the fourth Sall government.
Prevention of genocide is any action that works toward averting future genocides. Genocides take a lot of planning,resources,and involved parties to carry out,they do not just happen instantaneously. Scholars in the field of genocide studies have identified a set of widely agreed upon risk factors that make a country or social group more at risk of carrying out a genocide,which include a wide range of political and cultural factors that create a context in which genocide is more likely,such as political upheaval or regime change,as well as psychological phenomena that can be manipulated and taken advantage of in large groups of people,like conformity and cognitive dissonance. Genocide prevention depends heavily on the knowledge and surveillance of these risk factors,as well as the identification of early warning signs of genocide beginning to occur.
Bongani Christopher Majola is an advocate of the High Court of South Africa,an academic,human rights scholar,and the previous Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). He currently serves as the chairperson of the South African Human Rights Commission.
Abubacarr Marie "Ba" Tambadou is a Gambian lawyer and politician who is currently the Registrar of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals,an international court founded by the United Nations Security Council. From 2017 to 2020,Tambadou served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General in Gambian President Adama Barrow's cabinet.
Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction,in whole or in part,of an ethnic,racial,religious,or national group. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy,in whole or in part,a national,ethnical,racial,or religious group,as such:killing members of the group;causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;deliberately inflicting on the group's conditions of life,calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;[and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."
