Aqsa Mahmood

Last updated

Aqsa Mahmood
Born1993 (age 3031)
NationalityBritish
OccupationStudent
Known forNamed on the UN sanctions list for activities relating to ISIL (Da’esh) and Al-Qaida

Aqsa Mahmood (born 1993) is a citizen of the United Kingdom, from Glasgow, who stirred controversy in 2013 when she was one of the first UK women to voluntarily slip into Daesh territory, when she was 20 years old. [1]

Contents

Early life

Mahmood was born in Glasgow to Pakistani immigrant parents (her father Muzaffar was the first Pakistani to play cricket for the Scottish cricket team). [2] Mahmood attended Craigholme School and Shawlands Academy in Glasgow. [3]

ISIS

In 2015, her family challenged the allegation that she played a role in recruiting three teenage girls, the Bethnal Green trio, to follow her example. [4] Her family expressed surprise over her travel to Daesh territory. [5]

In April 2015, Mark Rowley, the Assistant Commissioner for Specialist Operations of the Metropolitan Police Service and the concurrent Chair of the National Police Chiefs' Council Counter-Terrorism Coordination Committee, [6] told the UK House of Commons Home Affairs Committee that security officials were close to compiling enough evidence to charge Mahmood, if she returned to the UK, or to request extradition, if she tried to settle elsewhere. [7]

On 28 September 2015 the United Nations placed her on its sanctions list, reserved for those with ties to Al Qaeda. [8]

UK authorities rescinded her passport, to prevent her return to the United Kingdom. [9]

In February 2019, The Mirror reported that Mahmood was believed to have died in the warzone. [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage Through Which the Islamic Nation Will Pass, also translated as Administration of Savagery, is a book by the Islamist strategist Abu Bakr Naji, published on the Internet in 2004. It aimed to provide a strategy for al-Qaeda and other extremists whereby they could create a new Islamic caliphate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic State</span> Salafi jihadist militant Islamist group

The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and a former unrecognised quasi-state. Its origins were in the Jai'sh al-Taifa al-Mansurah organization founded by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi in 2004, which fought alongside al-Qaeda during the Iraqi insurgency. The group gained global prominence in 2014, when its militants successfully captured large territories in northwestern Iraq and eastern Syria, taking advantage of the ongoing Syrian civil war. By the end of 2015, it ruled an area with an estimated population of twelve million people, where it enforced its extremist interpretation of Islamic law, managed an annual budget exceeding US$1 billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atika Shubert</span>

Atika Lynn Shubert is an American CNN journalist based in Valencia, Spain. She covers Spain as well as the rest of Europe for CNN. Before her promotion she was based in Berlin and in London. Prior to working for CNN, she was a correspondent for The Washington Post and The New Zealand Herald in Indonesia as she speaks both English and Indonesian fluently. She is a graduate of the Class of 1991 of Jakarta International School. She is an Economics graduate of Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, US.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jihadi John</span> Kuwaiti-British militant and ISIS executioner (1988–2015)

Mohammed Emwazi was a British militant of Kuwaiti origin seen in several videos produced by the Islamist extremist group Islamic State (IS) showing the beheadings of a number of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him "John" since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with English accents whom they called 'The Beatles'; the press later began calling him "Jihadi John".

The portrayal of ISIL in American media has largely been negative. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has been linked in the American media to several atrocities throughout the Middle East. Most recently U.S. coverage has linked ISIL members to burning alive the Royal Jordanian Air Force pilot Muath al-Kasasbeh, the beheadings of journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff, and most recently, because the perpetrator of the June 2016 Orlando mass shooting- America's second deadliest- reportedly pledged allegiance to ISIL and its leader in a phone call to 911 operators just before the incident. The American public was introduced to ISIL with these actions. This contrasts with the renewed prominence of al-Qaeda after the September 11 attacks in the media. That coverage focused on the United States' response to the attacks, while the coverage of ISIL started with the organization itself and evolved to cover America's potential strategy.

The ideology of the Islamic State, sometimes called Islamic Statism, has been described as being a hybrid of Salafism, Salafi jihadism, Sunni Islamist fundamentalism, Wahhabism, and Qutbism. Through its official statement of beliefs originally released by its first leader Abu Omar al-Baghdadi in 2007 and subsequently updated since June 2014, IS defined its creed as "a middle way between the extremist Kharijites and the lax Murji'ites".

The Bethnal Green trio are Amira Abase, Shamima Begum, and Kadiza Sultana, three British girls who attended the Bethnal Green Academy in London before leaving home in February 2015 to join the Islamic State. According to the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, they were among an estimated 550 women and girls from Western countries who had travelled to join IS—part of what some have called "a jihadi, girl-power subculture", the so-called Brides of ISIL. As of 2024, one girl has been reported killed (Sultana), one girl has been stripped of her British nationality and denied rentry into the country (Begum) while the third's fate is unknown (Abase).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic State – Khorasan Province</span> Islamic State branch in Central and South Asia

The Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS–K) is a regional branch of the Islamic State terrorist group active in South-Central Asia, primarily Afghanistan. ISIS–K, like its sister branches in other regions, seeks to destabilize and overthrow existing governments of the historic Khorasan region in order to establish an Islamic caliphate under its strict, fundamentalist Islamist rule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yazidi genocide</span> 2014 ethnic cleansing and genocide campaign by the Islamic State in Sinjar, northern Iraq

The Yazidi genocide was perpetrated by the Islamic State throughout Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. It was characterized by massacres, genocidal rape, and forced conversions to Islam. The Yazidi people, who are non-Arabs, are indigenous to Kurdistan and adhere to Yazidism, which is an Iranian religion derived from the Indo-Iranian tradition. Over a period of three years, Islamic State militants trafficked thousands of Yazidi women and girls and killed thousands of Yazidi men; the United Nations reported that the Islamic State killed about 5,000 Yazidis and trafficked about 10,800 Yazidi women and girls in a "forced conversion campaign" throughout Iraq. By 2015, upwards of 71% of the global Yazidi population was displaced by the genocide, with most Yazidi refugees having fled to Iraq's Kurdistan Region and Syria's Rojava. The persecution of Yazidis, along with other religious minorities, took place after the Islamic State's Northern Iraq offensive of June 2014.

Sally-Anne Frances Jones was a British terrorist, Islamist, and UN-designated recruiter and propagandist for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL),known variously as Umm Hussain al-Britani, Sakinah Hussein, and the White Widow. She is thought to have been killed in June 2017 by a US drone strike.

Shamima Begum is a British-born woman who entered Syria to join the Islamic State (IS) terrorist group at the age of 15 and was consequently stripped of UK citizenship.

Beginning in 2012, dozens of girls and women traveled to Iraq and Syria to join the Islamic State (IS), becoming brides of Islamic State fighters. While some traveled willingly, others were brought to Iraq and Syria as minors by their parents or family or forcefully.

Zehra Duman is an Australian-born Turkish woman who traveled to Daesh territory where she married a jihadi fighter. Born in Melbourne, Duman is reported to have been a friend of Tara Nettleton and Khaled Sharrouf, who travelled from Australia to Daesh territory, with their five children, in 2014. Duman's online recruiting activities have been the subject of scholarly attention.

Kimberly Gwen Polman is a dual Canadian-U.S. citizen, who travelled to Daesh occupied territory in 2015, and married an Islamic militant she had befriended online. In 2019, after she surrendered to forces allied to the United States, Polman told reporters she deeply regretted her actions.

Sharmeena Begum is a jihadi bride who left the United Kingdom to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in December 2014. Two months later, in February 2015, her school friends Amira Abase, Shamima Begum, and Kadiza Sultana joined her in occupied Syria. Begum is one of the youngest British teenagers to join ISIL.

Lisa Smith is a former Irish soldier who converted to Islam and later travelled to Syria during the Syrian Civil War to join the militant group the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) during the Syrian Civil War. Born in Dundalk, she was a member of the Irish Army before transferring to the Irish Air Corps in 2011, but quit following her conversion to Islam. In 2015, following the breakdown of her marriage, she travelled to Syria to join ISIS. In 2019, she was captured and detained by the US forces in northern Syria. She was sentenced at the Irish Special Criminal Court on 22 July 2022 to 15 months in prison following her conviction on 30 May of membership of Daesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Hawl refugee camp</span> Refugee camp in Syria

The al-Hawl refugee camp is a refugee camp on the southern outskirts of the town of al-Hawl in northern Syria, close to the Syria-Iraq border, which holds individuals displaced from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The camp is nominally controlled by the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) but according to the U.S. Government, much of the camp is run by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant who use the camp for indoctrination and recruitment purposes.

Celso Rodrigues Da Costa was born in Portugal, and travelled to the United Kingdom, where he was converted to a militant form of Islam, and travelled to Daesh occupied Syria to volunteer to be a jihadi fighter.

Muzaffar Mahmood is a Pakistani-born Scottish former first-class cricketer. He is the father of Aqsa Mahmood, an ISIS bride.

References

  1. "Syria girls: Families 'cannot stop crying'". BBC News . 22 February 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  2. Atika Shubert and Bharati Naik (5 September 2014). "How a Glasgow girl became an ISIS bride". CNN. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  3. "Glasgow woman Aqsa Mahmood 'promoting terrorism' on Twitter". BBC News. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
  4. James Cook (16 March 2015). "Glasgow 'jihadist' Aqsa Mahmood denies recruiting London girls". BBC News . Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  5. Ashley Fantz, Atika Shubert, Pamela Brown, Bharati Naik (23 February 2015). "From Scottish teen to ISIS bride and recruiter: the Aqsa Mahmood story". CNN . Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019. 'She was the best daughter you could have,' her father told CNN in an exclusive interview last September. 'We just don't know what happened to her. She loved school. She was very friendly. I have never shouted at her all my life, all my life.'{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. "Leadership". About the Met. Metropolitan Police. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  7. "Scots jihadi will be prosecuted if she comes home, say police". STV TV . 10 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2015. Police commissioner Mark Rowley told the Home Affairs Select Committee work was "well advanced" to prosecute 20-year-old Aqsa Mahmood.
  8. "Aqsa Mahmood". United Nations . 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019. Aqsa Mahmood was listed on 28 September 2015 pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 4 of resolution 2161 (2014) as being associated with Al-Qaida for "participating in the financing, planning, facilitating, preparing, or perpetrating of acts or activities by, in conjunction with, under the name of, on behalf of, or in support of", "recruiting for" and "otherwise supporting acts or activities of" Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, listed as Al-Qaida in Iraq (QDe.115).
  9. "'Jihadi bride' arrested at Heathrow with two-year-old son". The Week magazine . 22 January 2018. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019. In one case, Aqsa Mahmood, 22, a suspected Isis recruiter from Glasgow, was stripped of her UK citizenship to prevent her return, The Times says.
  10. Brendan Mcginty, Patrick Hill, Dan Warburton (16 February 2019). "Family of Brit ISIS poster girl say 'jihadi brides are better in prison than dead'". The Mirror . Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019. Mahmood was 20 when she joined IS in 2013, inspiring other Brits to follow. She is believed to have been killed as the so-called IS caliphate crumbled.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)