The 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya was an autonomous revolt against the Soviet authorities in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Beginning in early 1940 under Hasan Israilov, it peaked in 1942 during the German invasion of North Caucasus and ended in the beginning of 1944 with the wholesale concentration and deportation of the Vainakh peoples from their native lands as well as from the locations across the USSR, resulting in the death of at least 144,000 civilians. However, scattered resistance in the mountains continued for years.
Simsim was either a historical region or kingdom in the North Caucasus during the Middle Ages, existing in the 14th century. Predominantly localized roughly in Eastern Chechnya (Ichkeria), with some also connecting part of Kumyk Plain. Simsim is also localized in both Chechnya and Ingushetia. Its name may have been derived from the Chechen village of Simsir. However, according to folklore, the King Gayur-khan was chosen as the leader of all Chechens by the Mehk-Khel. In its later years it allied itself with the Golden Horde before being destroyed in 1395 by Timurlane, which was recorded in Zafarnama by Nizam al-Din Shami and the Zafarnama by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi.
Benoyn Boyshar, also known as Baysangur of Beno or simply Baysangur was a 19th-century North Caucasian commander of Chechen origin. He was one of the naibs (deputies) of Imam Shamil. Baysangur participated in the Caucasian War of 1817–1864.
Kumykia, or rarely called Kumykistan, is a historical and geographical region located along the Caspian Sea shores, on the Kumyk plateau, in the foothills of Dagestan and along the river Terek. The term Kumykia encompasses territories which are historically and currently populated by the Turkic-speaking Kumyk people. Kumykia was the main "granary of Dagestan". The important trade routes, such as one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, passed via Kumykia.
The battle of Khankala happened on 17 February 1807. In this action, the Khankala fortification was taken by storm. Russian forces entered Chechnya from three directions under the command of General of Infantry S. A. Bulgakov. The purpose of the expedition was to establish control over the strategically important Khankala Gorge.
Tashaw-Hadji was one of the prominent leaders of the North Caucasian resistance during the Caucasian War, a companion of imam Shamil. He was the imam of Chechnya since 1834. Upon the death of Gazi-Muhammad, he was one of the major candidates at the elections of the Imam of Dagestan, losing to Shamil by one vote only. Later, he became one of the mudirs of Imam Shamil. He was also the governor (naib) of Aukh.
The Battle of the Malka River, also known as the Battle of Grigoriopolis took place on 30 October 1785, between the Russian Empire and the forces of Sheikh Mansur. The 5 hour–long battle ended in no deciding victory for either side.
The siege of Kizlyar in July 1785 was the second major confrontation between the Russian Empire and the forces of Sheikh Mansur. The North Caucasians hoped to capture the fortress of Kizlyar, which was the Russian economic center of the North Caucasus. After fierce fighting, they failed however as the fortress was well fortified and defended. After retreating, the Russian command sent the Tomsk infantry to attack the rebels as a show of strength and also to push them away from Kizlyar, but the regiment was forced to retreat with heavy losses, ending the 4 day long Siege of Kizlyar in no deciding victory for either side.
The Battle of Endirey was a major confrontation between the Russian Empire and it's allies with the Chechens and Kumyks and found place in a gorge on the Aktash River near Endirey. An army sent led by Brigadier Andrei Veterani was encircled by a combined Chechen–Kumyk force, as a result of which the corps was defeated and forced to retreat. Another detachment under Colonel Naumov broke into Endirey and destroyed it.
The 1722 Insurgency in Chechnya occurred because of the refusal of the Chechens and the Endirey Khanate to swear allegiance to the Russian Empire, due to the oppression of the highlanders by the Tsarist regime, followed by several raids on the Terek fortress by the former, which led to a Russian campaign against the North Caucasians in July and August 1722.
In September 1735, an 80,000 strong combined Crimean-Kuban army invaded the Chechen lowlands in order to impose taxation on the Chechens. Only managing to gather 2,000 fighters, prince Aidemir Bardykhanov, ruler of the town Chechen-Aul, managed to defeat the invaders by taking advantage of the terrain and weather.
"Sultan" Murat Kuchukov was a Bashkir Islamic preacher and military commander, known for participating in the 1704–1711 Bashkir rebellion and starting the 1708 Insurgency in Chechnya.
He was descendant of Genghis Khan and due to his knowledge on the dogmas of Islam, he earned himself the nickname "Saint of the Mohammedan law".
The Murat Kuchukov Movement, also known as the 1708 Insurgency in Chechnya or the 1708 Insurgency in the North Caucasus, was caused by the oppressive policies of the Russian Empire towards the North Caucasian peoples as well as the teachings and propaganda of the Islamic preacher and military commander Murat Kuchukov, a Bashkir prince who had previously participated in the Bashkir rebellion of 1704–1711.
The Battle of Terki in 1708 was the successful storming of the Terki fortress by Chechen and other North Caucasian rebels, and the subsequent recapture by Russian and Kalmyk forces following a counter-offensive led by Fyodor Apraksin and Ayuka Khan. The leader of the rebel army, Murat Kuchukov, was wounded, captured, and eventually executed.
Chechen-Aul is a rural locality in Argun urban okrug of the Republic of Chechnya, Russia, located on the left bank of the Argun River near the Grozny. Until 1 January 2020, the village was part of the Groznensky District as part of the Chechen-Aul rural settlement.
Aidemir Bardykhanov, also known as Aidemir Turlov was a prince from the Turlov dynasty and the Senior Prince of the Chechen principality from 1732 to his death in 1746 and was also a Khan of the Endirey Khanate. He is famous for his role in the Battle of Chechen–Aul, where he led Chechen rebels into victory against Russian troops.
Khasbulat Bamatov, also known as Kazbulat Bammatov, was a prince from the Turlov and the Senior Prince of the Chechen Principality from 1728 to his death during the Battle of Chechen–Aul on July 7, 1732. He was succeeded by his rival, Aidemir Bardykhanov. Khasbulat was known for his pro–Russian administration, unlike his predecessors and successor.
Bashin–Bakha–Aul was a historical village in Chechnya, located in the Southeast of the modern–day Grozny district. It was, according to the Register for Mountain owners (1732), one of the main 9 towns that made up the Turlov Principality, the remaining being: Chechen–Aul, Chakhkeri, Astankul, Aldy, Starye Atagi, Gadzhi–Aul, Syuir–Kort and Khambat–Aul.
Just before advancing on Kizlyar, Sheikh Mansur and his army of North Caucasians attacked the Karginsk Redoubt, which ended in a success for the former and his capture and looting of the redoubt. The Attack on Karginsk was the first victory of Sheikh Mansur outside of Chechnya.
The Sheikh Mansur Movement, also known as the 1785–1791 Insurgency in the North Caucasus, was a major war between the Russian Empire and the North Caucasians, caused by the Chechen religious and military leader Sheikh Mansur, who opposed the Russian expansionist policies and wanted to unite the North Caucasians under one, single, Islamic state.
Russian Empire