Bishop of Exeter

Bishop of Exeter
Bishopric
anglican
Arms of the Bishop of Exeter: Gules, a sword erect in pale argent hilted or surmounted by two keys addorsed in saltire of the last [1]
Incumbent: vacant (acting bishop: Jackie Searle, Bishop of Crediton)
Location
Ecclesiastical province	Canterbury
Residence	The Palace, Exeter
Information
First holder	Werstan Leofric (first Bishop of Exeter)
Established	905 (founded at Tawton) 912 (translated to Crediton) 1050 (translated to Exeter)
Diocese	Exeter
Cathedral	Exeter Cathedral (1112–present)

The Bishop of Exeter is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter in the Province of Canterbury. ^[2] The See has been vacant since Robert Atwell's retirement on 30 September 2023.

From the first bishop until the sixteenth century the Bishops of Exeter were in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. However, during the Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily and later more permanently. Since the Reformation, the Bishop and Diocese of Exeter has been part of the reformed and catholic Church of England. The bishop's residence is The Palace, Exeter. ^[3]

History

The Anglo-Saxon dioceses after 950

Roman episcopal organization survived the fall of the Roman Empire in south-western Britain, which became the British kingdom of Dumnonia. In about 700, Aldhelm, abbot of Malmesbury wrote a letter to King Geraint of Dumnonia and his bishops. ^[4] However, by this time eastern Devon had been conquered by the Anglo-Saxons and was part of the diocese of Bishop of Winchester, covering the whole of Wessex. In around 705 The diocese was divided in two and Aldhelm was appointed the first Bishop of Sherborne, covering eastern Devon. Over the next two centuries western Devon was conquered. ^[5]

Crediton

In about 909 the diocese of Sherborne was divided and the Diocese of Crediton was created to cover Devon and Cornwall. ^[6] Crediton was chosen as the site for its cathedral possibly due it having been the birthplace of Saint Boniface and the existence of a monastery there. ^[7]

In 1046, Leofric became the Bishop of Crediton. Following his appointment he decided that the see should be moved to the larger and more culturally significant and defensible walled town of Exeter. In 1050, King Edward the Confessor authorised that Exeter was to be the seat of the bishop for Devon and Cornwall and that a cathedral was to be built there for the bishop's throne. Thus, Leofric became the last diocesan Bishop of Crediton and the first Bishop of Exeter. ^[7]

Exeter

The two dioceses of Crediton and Cornwall, covering Devon and Cornwall, were permanently united under Edward the Confessor by Lyfing's successor Leofric, hitherto Bishop of Crediton, who became first Bishop of Exeter under Edward the Confessor, which was established as his cathedral city in 1050. At first the Abbey Church of St Mary and St Peter, founded by Athelstan in 932, rebuilt in 1019, etc., finally demolished 1971, served as the cathedral.

The bishop of Exeter signs his name as his Christian name or forename followed by Exon. , abbreviated from the Latin Episcopus Exoniensis ("Bishop of Exeter").

Cathedral

Main article: Exeter Cathedral

‘South Tower of Exeter Cathedral’, attributed to W. Davey, about 1800-1830

The present cathedral was begun by William de Warelhurst in 1112, the transept towers he built being the only surviving part of the Norman building, which was completed by Marshall at the close of the twelfth century. The cathedral is dedicated to St Peter.

As it now stands, the cathedral is in the decorated style. It was begun by Peter Quinel (1280–1291), continued by Bytton and Stapeldon, and completed, much as it has since remained, by John Grandisson during his long tenure of 42 years.

In many respects Exeter cathedral resembles those of France rather than others found in England. Its special features are the transept towers and the choir, containing much early stained glass. There is also an episcopal throne, separated from the nave by a choir screen (1324) and a stately West front. In a comparison with certain other English cathedrals, it is perhaps disadvantaged by the absence of a central tower and a general lack of elevation, but it is undoubtedly very fine.

Organisation

The bishops of Exeter, like the general population of the diocese, always enjoyed considerable independence, and the see was one of the largest and richest in England. The remoteness of the see from London prevented it from being bestowed on statesmen or courtiers, so that over the centuries the roll of bishops possessed more capable scholars and administrators than in many other sees. The result was a long and stable line of bishops, leading to active Christian observance in the area.

The diocese contained 604 parishes grouped in four archdeaconries: Cornwall, Barnstaple, Exeter, and Totnes. There were Benedictine, Augustinian, Premonstratensian, Franciscan and Dominican religious houses, and four Cistercian abbeys.

Modern history

This wealthy diocese was forced to cede land during the reign of Henry VIII, when Vesey was obliged to surrender fourteen of twenty-two manors, and the value of the see was reduced to a third of what it had been. Vesey, despite his Catholic sympathies, held the see until 1551, when he finally had to resign, and was replaced by the Bible translator Miles Coverdale. Following the accession of Mary, in 1553, Vesey was restored, but died soon after in 1554. He was succeeded by James Turberville, the last Catholic Bishop of Exeter. Turberville was removed from the see by the Reformist Elizabeth I in 1559, and died in prison, probably in or about 1570.

Henry Phillpotts served as Bishop of Exeter from 1830 to his death in office in 1869. He was England's longest serving bishop since the 14th century. The diocese was divided in 1876 along the border of Devon and Cornwall, creating the Diocese of Truro (but five parishes which were at the time in Devon were included in this diocese as they had always been within the Archdeaconry of Cornwall). The diocese covers the County of Devon. The see is in the City of Exeter where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter which was founded as an abbey possibly before 690. The current incumbent is Robert Atwell.

List of bishops

Pre-Conquest

Bishops of Crediton
From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
c.909	934	Eadwulf
934	c.952/53	Æthelgar
953	972	Ælfwold I
973	977	Sideman	Died on 30 April 977 or 1 or 2 May 977.
c.977/79	c.986/87	Ælfric
c.986/87	?	Ælfwold II
?	c.990	Alfred of Malmesbury [8]
?	c.1011/15	Ælfwold III
c.1011/15	c.1019/23	Eadnoth
1027	1046	Lyfing	Also Bishop of Cornwall and Worcester; died in March 1046.
1046	1050	Leofric	Consecrated on 19 April 1046; also Bishop of Cornwall; became the first Bishop of Exeter in 1050.
In 1050, Leofric transferred the see to Exeter. [7]
Source(s): [9] [10]

Pre-Reformation

Dates of reign	Name	Portrait	Arms [11]
1050-72 [12]	Leofric		Pre-heraldic
1072-1103	Osbern FitzOsbern		Pre-heraldic
1107-38	William Warelwast		Pre-heraldic
1138-55	Robert Warelwast		Pre-heraldic
1155-60	Robert of Chichester		Pre-heraldic
1161-84	Bartholomew Iscanus		Pre-heraldic
1186-91	John the Chanter		Pre-heraldic
1194-1206	Henry Marshal		Pre-heraldic
1206-14 [13]	Vacant
1214-23	Simon of Apulia
1224-44 [14]	William Briwere
1245-57 [15]	Richard Blund
1258-80 [16]	Walter Branscombe
1280-91 [17]	Peter Quinel
1291-1307 [18]	Thomas Bitton
1308-1326	Walter de Stapledon
1326-27	James Berkeley
1327 [19]	John Godeley
1327-69	John Grandisson
1370-94 [20]	Thomas de Brantingham
1395-1419	Edmund Stafford
1419 [21]	John Catterick
1420-55 [22]	Edmund Lacey
1455-56 [23]	John Hales
1458-65 [24]	George Neville
1465-78	John Booth
1478-87 [25]	Peter Courtenay
1487-92 [26]	Richard Foxe
1493-95 [26]	Oliver King
1496-1502 [27]	Richard Redman
1502-4 [28]	John Arundel
1505-19	Hugh Oldham

During the Reformation

Dates of reign	Name	Portrait	Arms
1519-51 [29] [9] [30] [31]	John Vesey
1551-53 [32] [9] [30] [31]	Myles Coverdale
1553-54 [33] [9] [30] [31]	John Vesey
1555-60 [9] [30] [31]	James Turberville

Post-Reformation

Post-Reformation Bishops of Exeter
From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
1560	1571	William Alley	Also recorded as William Alleyn
1571	1578	William Bradbridge
1579	1594	John Woolton
1595	1597	Gervase Babington	Translated to Worcester
1598	1621	William Cotton
1621	1626	Valentine Cary
1627	1641	Joseph Hall	Translated to Norwich
1642	1646	Ralph Brownrigg	Deprived of the see when the English episcopacy was abolished by Parliament on 9 October 1646; died 1659.
1646	1660	The see was abolished during the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. [34] [35]
1660	1662	John Gauden	Translated to Worcester
1662	1667	Seth Ward	Translated to Salisbury
1667	1676	Anthony Sparrow	Translated to Norwich
1676	1688	Thomas Lamplugh	Translated to York
1689	1707	Sir Jonathan Trelawny, Bt.	Translated from Bristol; later translated to Winchester
1708	1716	Ofspring Blackall
1717	1724	Lancelot Blackburne	Translated to York
1724	1742	Stephen Weston
1742	1746	Nicholas Clagett	Translated from St David's
1747	1762	George Lavington
1762	1777	Frederick Keppel
1778	1792	John Ross
1792 [36]	1796	William Buller
1797	1803	Reginald Courtenay	Translated from Bristol
1803	1807	John Fisher	Translated to Salisbury
1807	1820	George Pelham	Translated from Bristol; later translated to Lincoln
1820	1830	William Carey	Translated to St Asaph
1830		Christopher Bethell	Translated from Gloucester; later translated to Bangor
1831	1869	Henry Phillpotts
1869	1885	Frederick Temple	Translated to London
1885	1900	Edward Bickersteth
1901	1903	Herbert Edward Ryle	Translated to Winchester
1903	1916	Archibald Robertson
1916	1936	Lord William Cecil
1936	1948	Charles Curzon	Translated from Stepney
1949	1973	Robert Mortimer
1973	1985	Eric Mercer	Translated from Birkenhead
1985	1999	Hewlett Thompson	Translated from Willesden
1999	2013 [37]	Michael Langrish	Translated from Birkenhead
2014	2023	Robert Atwell	[38] Translated from Stockport; retired 30 September 2023. [39]
Source(s): [9] [30]

Assistant bishops

Among those who have served as assistant bishops of the diocese have been:

• mid-1860s: James Chapman, Rector of Wootton Courtenay and former Bishop of Colombo ^{[40] [41] [42]}
• 1900 –1918 (d.): Alfred Earle, Dean of Exeter, remained Bishop of Marlborough despite resigning its duties as suffragan for West London
• While he was Rector of Down St Mary (1897–1903), Kestell Kestell-Cornish, retired Bishop of Madagascar, sometimes assisted the bishop ^[43]
• 1947 –1952 (ret.): Rocksborough Smith, Rector of Lapford and former Bishop of Algoma ^[44]

See also

• Bishop of Cornwall

References

1. Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.432
2. Crockford's Clerical Directory , 100th edition, (2007), Church House Publishing. ISBN   978-0-7151-1030-0.
3. "Robert Ronald Atwell" . Crockford's Clerical Directory (online ed.). Church House Publishing . Retrieved 25 June 2017.
4. Pickles, Thomas (2013). "Church Organization and Pastoral Care". In Stafford, Pauline (ed.). A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c. 500–c. 1100. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 164. ISBN   978-1-118-42513-8.
5. Yorke, Barbara (1995). Wessex in the Early Middle Ages. London, UK: Leicester University Press. pp. 60, 85, 95. ISBN   978-0-7185-1856-1.
6. Crediton Festival 2009 Archived 21 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 5 June 2008.
7. Exeter: Ecclesiastical History Archived 1 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved on 5 June 2008.
8. Joseph Thomas (1 January 2010). The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology. Cosimo, Inc. p. 93. ISBN   978-1-61640-069-9.
9. "Historical successions: Exeter (including precussor offices)". Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
10. Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology (3rd, revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 287. ISBN   0-521-56350-X.
11. Izacke, Richard (c.1624–1698), (improved and continued to the year 1724 by Samuel Izacke), Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter, 3rd Edition, London, 1731, A Perfect Catalogue of all the Bishops of this Church ... together with the Coats of Armory and Mottoes Described, pp.25-50
12. The first to unite and transfer the Sees of Crediton and Cornwall to Exeter
13. See vacant due to Pope Innocent III's interdict against King John's realms
14. Aliter William Brewer
15. Aliter Richard Blundy
16. Aliter Walter Bronescombe
17. Aliter Peter de Quivel or Quivil
18. Aliter Thomas de Bytton
19. Also recorded as John Godele. Elected, but quashed
20. Aliter Thomas Brantyngham
21. Aliter John Ketterick, translated from Lichfield
22. Also recorded as Edmund Lacy. Translated from Hereford
23. Appointed, but resigned before consecration
24. Translated to York
25. Translated to Winchester
26. Translated to Bath and Wells
27. Translated from St Asaph; later translated to Ely
28. Translated from Lichfield
29. (deposed, Roman Catholic)
30. Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology (Third Edition, revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 246–248. ISBN   0-521-56350-X.
31. Horn, J. M. (1962). "Bishops of Exeter". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: Volume 9: Exeter Diocese. British History Online. pp. 1–3.
32. Protestant
33. recovered, Roman Catholic)
34. Plant, David (2002). "Episcopalians". BCW Project. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
35. King, Peter (July 1968). "The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642-1649". The English Historical Review . Oxford University Press. 83 (328): 523–537. doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxxiii.cccxxviii.523. JSTOR   564164.
36. "No. 13457". The London Gazette . 8 September 1792. p. 694.
37. BBC News – Bishop Langrish retires from office (Accessed 1 July 2013)
38. Diocese of Exeter – Election of new Bishop of Exeter formally confirmed (Accessed 9 May 2014)
39. "Bishop of Exeter Announces Retirement". Diocese of Exeter. 10 May 2023. Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
40. "Church News" . Church Times . No. 100. 31 December 1864. p. 419. ISSN   0009-658X . Retrieved 26 December 2019– via UK Press Online archives.
41. "Consecration of St Peter's Church, Newlyn, Penzance" . Church Times . No. 174. 2 June 1866. p. 175. ISSN   0009-658X . Retrieved 26 December 2019– via UK Press Online archives.
42. "Church News" . Church Times . No. 243. 28 September 1867. p. 337. ISSN   0009-658X . Retrieved 26 December 2019– via UK Press Online archives.
43. "Clerical obituary" . Church Times . No. 2407. 12 March 1909. p. 332. ISSN   0009-658X . Retrieved 14 March 2020– via UK Press Online archives.
44. "Smith, Rocksborough Remington" . Who's Who . A & C Black.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Sources

• Some text adapted from Catholic Encyclopaedia, 1908.