Champion (Kanye West song)

Last updated
"Champion"
Song by Kanye West
from the album Graduation
ReleasedSeptember 11, 2007
Studio
Genre
Length2:47
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
  • Kanye West
  • Brian "AllDay" Miller

"Champion" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his third studio album, Graduation (2007). The song includes additional vocals from Tony "Penafire" Williams and Connie Mitchell. West wrote a letter to Steely Dan requesting to sample their work, which persuaded the band to approve of this. Band members Donald Fagen and Walter Becker were credited as co-writers with West on the song due to their work being sampled, while the rapper produced it with Brian "AllDay" Miller. The song was played on BET's 106 & Park upon the album's release, while West briefly considered issuing it as a single. A hip hop, electro, and R&B number that samples Steely Dan's "Kid Charlemagne", it was described by West as a theme song for the people. Lyrically, the song sees Kanye focusing on his fatherly relationship with Ray West.

Contents

"Champion" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who frequently highlighted the sample of "Kid Charlemagne". Some praised Kanye West's rapping skills, while a few critics commended the production. Though not released as a single, the song reached number 99 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It was certified platinum and silver in the United States and the United Kingdom by the Recording Industry Association of America and British Phonographic Industry, respectively. An accompanying music video was released in August 2008, following the participation of a hand puppet version of West in an event based on the Olympic Games at Adolfo Camarillo High School. West performed a medley of the song and "Everything I Am" during the premiere for season 33 of Saturday Night Live in September 2007, while he performed it on the Glow in the Dark Tour the next year. In February 2008, the former was covered by K-os for Triple J's Like a Version.

Background

West received permission to sample "Kid Charlemagne" after a written letter to Steely Dan, pictured in 2007. Becker & Fagen of Steely Dan at Pori Jazz 2007.jpg
West received permission to sample "Kid Charlemagne" after a written letter to Steely Dan, pictured in 2007.

In a 2008 Spin cover story, West revealed that the track for "Champion" was first made by producer Brian "AllDay" Miller and he was overwhelmed upon first listen. Kanye acknowledged his imperfect relationship with his father Ray West and that "something came out" of him when writing the song for the subject. [1] Kanye West revealed that he sent a letter request to Donald Fagen of jazz rock band Steely Dan for approval of sampling their work, explaining the importance of showing how he felt with the song. Fagen confirmed to Complex a few years later that the band found the letter touching and it led to clearance, after they were initially uninterested in "Champion" besides receiving a portion of income. [1] The singer and band co-founder Walter Becker also felt that the subject matter differed from their preview of the song, with Fagen questioning if it was a prank from West. [2]

In an October 2007 interview with Concrete Loop, West explained that the chords of the synthesizer on "Champion" were added to resemble Graduation single "Stronger". [3] West produced the song with Miller and it was written by the rapper, while the Steely Dan members received writing credits too. [4] In May 2011, rapper Consequence told Sway Calloway on RapFix Live that he wrote the lyrics "We were sorta like Will Smith and his son/In the movie; I ain't talkin' about the rich one." [5] Consequence declared the lyrics were his "brain thought" and mentioned that he did not receive credit for various tracks, despite being credited on West's albums such as The College Dropout (2004) and 808s & Heartbreak (2008). [5] The song includes additional vocals from Tony "Penafire" Williams and Connie Mitchell, marking the former's third consecutive appearance on a West album. [4] [6]

Composition and lyrics

Musically, "Champion" is a hip hop, electro, and R&B number, with undertones of jazz rock. [7] [8] It runs for under three minutes, registering an exact length of two minutes and forty-seven seconds (2:47). [4] [9] [10] The track is based around a looped vocal sample of the 1976 recording "Kid Charlemagne" by Steely Dan, [4] [9] which is used for the hook of "Did you realise that you were a champion in their eyes?" [8] [11] It also includes 1980s synthesizers from Omar Edwards, 808 handclaps, and a repeated exclamation of "Hey!" [3] [4] [8] [12] Williams and Mitchell's additional vocals interject: "This is the story of a champion/ Tell me what it takes to be No 1." [13]

West explained that he wanted to create a theme song with "Champion", describing it as being a song for the people. [14] In the lyrics of the song, Kanye shows his appreciation for Ray West despite the struggles in their relationship as he recalls various memories. [7] [8] [9] During the first verse, Kanye expresses pride that while his father was a capable entrepreneur to find a new scheme each summer, he was also able to buy him new clothes each school year. [7] Kanye acknowledges Ray's inspiration as a motivation speaker in the second verse, asserting that his school visits for persuading students to continue studies led them to go from feeling invisible to invincible. [8] Kanye West also mentions how fellow rapper Lauryn Hill became focused on Zion, wishing that she was still dedicated to music. [15]

Release and promotion

The song's music video replicates the 100 metres sprint Olympic Games event (pictured). Usain Bolt winning.jpg
The song's music video replicates the 100 metres sprint Olympic Games event (pictured).

On September 11, 2007, "Champion" was released as the second track on West's third studio album Graduation. [16] That same day, West played a snippet of the song during his appearance on BET's 106 & Park , transitioning into a performance of fellow album track "Can't Tell Me Nothing". [17] In September 2007, West reportedly considered the song for the album's fourth single, although he subsequently chose "Flashing Lights". [18] [19] A music video for "Champion" was directed by Nabil Elderkin, who also worked with West backstage on his Glow in the Dark Tour (2008). [20] It was filmed at Adolfo Camarillo High School in Camarillo, California and incorporated Olympic imagery, which had also been done in 2008 by US presidential nominees Barack Obama and John McCain in their campaigns. [8] [21] On August 12, the video was shared to West's blog. [22] The theme is based on the Olympics and features a hand puppet version of West, who participates in the 100 m sprint at a sporting event known as the "Unified Games". After the puppet qualifies to complete in the games from a live TV vote, flashbacks are shown of the training he went through to compete. [8] [23] The race then commences and nearing the finishing line, the puppet is able to pass the other runners and emerge victorious. [8]

Reception

"Champion" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics, who mostly praised the sample of "Kid Charlemagne". Jake Boyer from Highsnobiety thought that the song "packs a hell of a lot in" as the shortest track on Graduation, citing West's "collage of memories of his father" as he comes to terms with his own status, while he also highlighted the looping of the sample. [9] On a similar note, Dotmusic 's James Poletti said the looped sample "confirms that we'll never tire of his way". [11] Jesse Mann from Prefix Mag cited it as a particular example of West's sampling skills, while Spin journalist Charles Aaron lauded "the Steely Dan home-run trot". [24] [25] At Pitchfork , Mark Pytlik highlighted West's sampling skill and production, combined with him obviously "holding up worldliness" proudly. [26] Jesal 'Jay Soul' Padania of RapReviews was also impressed with the sample alongside West's performance, showing his evolution "as an incredibly charismatic rapper" and a lyricist to a lesser degree. [27] BBC Music's Jeremy Blakeney lauded West's judgement for the sample as he felt that it shows his historic musical knowledge, despite considering his flow not "as special as he probably thinks it is". [28] In PopMatters , Dave Heaton lauded the sample and commented that the song maintained his "big and brassy" sound, although he was unsatisfied with the "Hey!" exclamation resembling "a lounge singer or old-school Vegas comedian" and being equivalent to a cymbal crash. [12] At Cokemachineglow , Chet Betz believed that the sample helps redeem the album, yet it is forced "against a record-skip of a measure" in the song. [29]

Several reviewers complimented West's rapping skills, a few of whom focused on his lyricism. Kanye West 2007.jpg
Several reviewers complimented West's rapping skills, a few of whom focused on his lyricism.

A few critics focused on other aspects of the song. Japie Stoppelenburg from No Ripcord picked "Champion" as the highlight of Graduation, labeling it "a clever, intelligent track with an impeccable concision" in the short length. [30] For Drowned in Sound , Carrie Bradshaw Layfield saw the song as West's version of deceased rapper The Notorious B.I.G.'s 1994 hip hop tune "Juicy" due to how he "alludes to a rough childhood", including referencing his new clothes for each school term to make himself out as an underdog. [7] Louis Pattison of NME pointed to its position on the album as where West "plays it punchy and straightforward", through the chorus and his rapping. [13] In Billboard , Hillary Crosley wrote that West expands his production style with the "arena-ready" track. [31]

The song peaked at number 99 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, making it the album's only track to appear on the chart without being released as a single. [32] On September 23, 2020, "Champion" received a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for amassing 1,000,000 certified units in the United States. [33] The song was later certified silver for shelving 200,000 units in the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on December 1, 2023. [34]

Live performances and other versions

West performed a medley of the song with fellow album track "Everything I Am" that led into a freestyle for the premiere to season 33 of Saturday Night Live on September 29, 2007. [35] [36] The rapper delivered a performance of "Champion" for the Glow in the Dark Tour's first stop at New York's Madison Square Garden on May 13, 2008. The concert was set on a moonlit stage resembling a planet that was covered with smoke, where West wore jeans, a loose sweater, strengthened shoulder pads, and a red waist windbreaker. West began by introducing himself as a space traveler who had landed a planet missing creativity and he later performed the song after his talking computer Jane introduced him: "Remember, this isn't your first crash." [37] The rapper later performed the song during a concert at Chicago's United Center for the tour on May 23, 2008. The show also followed a space theme, featuring several stage pieces on the neon colored set. [38]

On February 14, 2008, Canadian singer K-os delivered an acoustic cover of the song for the weekly segment Like a Version on Australian radio station Triple J. [39] A remix of "Champion" by Nick Catchdubs was included as the third track of Sky High on November 17, a mixtape consisting of remixes of various tracks that West originally produced and it was compiled by DJ Benzi with the rapper's associate Plain Pat. The project was commissioned by West and his team in the lead up to 808s & Heartbreak, with each remix experiencing at least five reiterations before release and they mostly have a club-friendly dance theme. [40] The remix was also shared to BBC Music. [41]

Credits and personnel

Information taken from Graduation liner notes. [4]

Recording

Personnel

Charts

Chart performance for "Champion"
Chart (2007)Peak
position
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs ( Billboard ) [32] 99

Certifications

Certifications for "Champion"
RegionCertification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI) [34] Silver200,000
United States (RIAA) [33] Platinum1,000,000

Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kanye West</span> American rapper and producer (born 1977)

Ye is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and fashion designer. He is known for his contributions to progressive rap and subverting the conventions of gangsta rap as a dominant subgenre of hip hop music. After dropping out of university to pursue a career in music, West started producing for various artists in the Chicago area. As an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West co-produced Jay-Z's The Blueprint (2001) before getting signed by the label as a solo artist. West released his debut studio album The College Dropout in 2004 to critical acclaim, yielding the chart-topping single "Slow Jamz". His other singles reaching the top of the Billboard Hot 100 include "Gold Digger" (2005), "Stronger" (2007), and "E.T." (2011) as a featured artist.

<i>Graduation</i> (album) 2007 studio album by Kanye West

Graduation is the third studio album by the American rapper Kanye West released on September 11, 2007, through Def Jam Recordings and Roc-A-Fella Records. Recording sessions took place between 2005 and 2007 at several studios in New York and Los Angeles. It was primarily produced by West himself, with contributions from various other producers, including DJ Toomp. The album features guest appearances from recording artists such as Dwele, T-Pain, Lil Wayne, Mos Def, DJ Premier, and Chris Martin. The cover art and its interior artwork were designed by Japanese contemporary artist Takashi Murakami.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Through the Wire</span> 2003 single by Kanye West

"Through the Wire" is the debut solo single by American rapper and producer Kanye West, who wrote and recorded the song with his jaw wired shut after a car crash on October 23, 2002. The song samples Chaka Khan's 1985 single "Through the Fire" and was released on the last day of September 2003 as the lead single from his debut album The College Dropout (2004).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kid Charlemagne</span> 1976 single by Steely Dan

"Kid Charlemagne" is a song by the rock group Steely Dan, which was released as a single from their 1976 album The Royal Scam as its opening track and reached number 82 in the Billboard charts. It is a fusion of a funk rhythm and jazz harmonies with rock and roll instrumentals and lyrical style. The guitar solo by jazz fusion guitarist Larry Carlton was ranked #80 in the list of the 100 greatest guitar solos by Rolling Stone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Can't Tell Me Nothing</span> 2007 song by Kanye West

"Can't Tell Me Nothing" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his third studio album, Graduation (2007). The song contains additional vocals from Young Jeezy and Connie Mitchell. It was produced by West with DJ Toomp with West being responsible for 60 percent of the production. The song originated from Young Jeezy's "I Got Money", after West made changes to the track. On May 15, 2007, the song premiered via Hot 97 and was released by Roc-A-Fella and Def Jam that same day as the lead single from the album. A hip hop track, it was described by West as a theme song for the people. The lyrics see West reflecting on his fame while he expresses different types of feelings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stronger (Kanye West song)</span> 2007 single by Kanye West

"Stronger" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his third studio album, Graduation (2007). The song was produced by West, with an extended outro handled by Mike Dean. It was written by West and Daft Punk were credited as co-writers due to their work being sampled, while Edwin Birdsong also received a credit from a master use of "Cola Bottle Baby". West decided to sample "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" after first hearing the duo's work when touring in 2006, then made the beat and spent months re-writing his verses. The song's production process was arduous, with various engineers and 75 different mixes, even having the drum programming redone with Timbaland after its release. Daft Punk voiced their approval of the song, finding West made the sample suitable for his personality as he ventured outside of hip hop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Good Life (Kanye West song)</span> 2007 song by Kanye West

"Good Life" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his third studio album, Graduation (2007). Featuring singer T-Pain, the song includes background vocals from John Legend and Ne-Yo. West and Toomp handled the production, with additional production from Mike Dean. T-Pain thought of the concept when dining out with West, while he also recorded numerous hooks that the rapper used for his feature. On October 2, 2007, the song was released to US rhythmic contemporary radio stations by Roc-A-Fella and Def Jam as the album's third single. A pop number, it samples Michael Jackson's "P.Y.T. " and features synths. Lyrically, the song sees West celebrating his success and being determined to succeed, and T-Pain also reflecting on his success.

"Big Brother" is a song by American rapper Kanye West, released as the closing track on his third studio album, Graduation (2007). West co-wrote the song with Toomp, who was the sole producer. It originally utilized Prince's "It's Gonna Be Lonely" for the beat, until he refused to approve and a re-recording was done. The song was written by West as a tribute to his close friend and mentor Jay-Z, who has shown his appreciation for it. West first teased the song in August 2007 for the BBC Radio 1Xtra event "Audience with Kanye West". A hip hop song with synths, it features a varied pace of rapping from West. In the lyrics, West introspectively examines the complexities of his friendship with Jay-Z.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flashing Lights (Kanye West song)</span> 2007 single by Kanye West

"Flashing Lights" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his third studio album, Graduation (2007). The song features a guest appearance from R&B singer Dwele and additional vocals from Australian singer Connie Mitchell. West co-wrote and co-produced the song with Eric Hudson, who had completed the production before the duo added a live string section in 2007. It was released to US rhythmic contemporary radio as the album's fourth single on November 20, 2007, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. A hip hop, electro rap, and R&B song with elements of numerous genres, it prominently utilizes strings and synths. Lyrically, the song features West rapping about a complicated relationship where a girl has power over him; he also compares the paparazzi to Nazis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homecoming (Kanye West song)</span> 2008 single by Kanye West featuring Chris Martin

"Homecoming" is a song by the American rapper Kanye West from his third studio album, Graduation (2007). The song features a guest appearance from Chris Martin and he co-wrote it with West and Warryn Campbell, who served as the producers. West and the singer worked on the song when they met at Abbey Road Studios in February 2006, engaging in a jam session where Martin came up with the concept. It was a re-working of West's 2001 recording "Home (Windy)", which featured John Legend and a different beat. The recording was inspired by Common's "I Used to Love H.E.R." and themed around West's hometown of Chicago, maintained for the new version.

"Good Morning" is the first song from American hip hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West's third studio album Graduation (2007). The song was produced by West and contains samples from the recording "Someone Saved My Life Tonight" by English singer and pianist Elton John. As the opening track, the song serves as an introduction to the musical and lyrical themes of the album. West establishes the academic narrative of it, celebrating his graduation in the realm of hip hop and rapping about his skepticism of higher education over thumping, off-kilter boom bap drums.

<i>808s & Heartbreak</i> 2008 studio album by Kanye West

808s & Heartbreak is the fourth studio album by the American rapper Kanye West. It was released by Def Jam Recordings and Roc-A-Fella Records on November 24, 2008, having been recorded earlier that year in September and October at Glenwood Studios in Burbank, California and Avex Recording Studio in Honolulu, Hawaii. Dominating its production, West was assisted by fellow producers No I.D., Plain Pat, Jeff Bhasker, and Mr Hudson, while also utilizing guest vocalists for some tracks, including Kid Cudi, Young Jeezy, and Lil Wayne.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swagga Like Us</span> 2008 Single by Jay-Z and T.I. featuring Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and M.I.A.

"Swagga Like Us" is a song by American rappers Jay-Z and T.I. featuring fellow American rappers Lil Wayne and Kanye West, the latter of whom also produced the song, constructed primarily around a vocal sample of "Paper Planes" by British musician M.I.A. It was released on September 6, 2008, in the United States as the fifth single from T.I.'s sixth album Paper Trail (2008). The track was also initially slated for inclusion on Jay-Z's eleventh album The Blueprint 3 (2009), however it ultimately failed to make the final track listing.

<i>My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy</i> 2010 studio album by Kanye West

My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy is the fifth studio album by the American rapper Kanye West. It was released by Def Jam Recordings and Roc-A-Fella Records on November 22, 2010. Retreating to a self-imposed exile in Hawaii after a period of controversy in 2009, following his interruption of Taylor Swift at the MTV Video Music Awards, he recorded the album at Honolulu's Avex Recording Studio in a communal environment involving numerous musicians. Additional recording sessions took place at Glenwood Place Studios in Burbank, California, along with the New York City studios Electric Lady and Platinum Sound.

<i>Cruel Summer</i> (GOOD Music album) 2012 compilation album by GOOD Music

Kanye West Presents: GOOD Music – Cruel Summer, commonly referred to simply as Cruel Summer, is a compilation album by recording artists of American record label GOOD Music, released on September 14, 2012, by the label itself and its parent company, Def Jam Recordings. GOOD Music's founder, American rapper Kanye West, first revealed plans for the label's collaborative album in October 2011. It was preceded by four singles—"Mercy", "Cold", "New God Flow", and "Clique"—that saw mixed success on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. The album features West himself, alongside the label's then-signees Pusha T, Big Sean, Teyana Taylor, Kid Cudi, John Legend, Common, D'banj and Malik Yusef, as well as affiliates Jay-Z, 2 Chainz, Travis Scott, and Cyhi the Prynce, among others. Production of Cruel Summer was primarily handled by members of GOOD Music's production wing, Very GOOD Beats, which included West, Hit-Boy, Hudson Mohawke, Travis Scott and Lifted, among others.

"Father Stretch My Hands" are songs by American rapper Kanye West from his seventh studio album, The Life of Pablo (2016). They are split into two parts on the album: "Father Stretch My Hands, Pt. 1" and "Pt. 2". "Pt. 1" contains vocals by American rapper Kid Cudi and American R&B singer Kelly Price, while "Pt. 2" includes vocals from American rapper Desiigner and American musician Caroline Shaw. Prior to release, the latter was played by West for Desiigner when the two met.

"4th Dimension" is a song by American hip hop duo Kids See Ghosts, composed of the rappers Kanye West and Kid Cudi, from their eponymous debut studio album (2018). The song features a guest appearance from Louis Prima, who was credited as a featured artist due to his work being sampled. It was produced by West, with additional production from Mike Dean and Noah Goldstein. The producers co-wrote the song with Kid Cudi and Prima, with the latter of the two receiving credit as a result of it sampling music by him. A hip hop song, it samples Prima's "What Will Santa Claus Say " and Shirley Ann Lee's "Someday". Lyrically, the song features Kids See Ghosts presenting their thoughts to stop themselves from becoming worried.

"I Wonder" is a song by American rapper Kanye West, released as the fourth track on his third studio album, Graduation (2007). The song was written and produced by him, while Labi Siffre received a songwriting credit due to the sample of his work; West moves towards influences from rock and electronic music. Composed by West as a variation of "City of Blinding Lights" by his tourmates U2, he set it to focus on the concerns of university graduates. A hip hop and R&B ballad with Eurodance and stadium rock elements, the song relies on a sample of "My Song" by Labi Siffre. Its downbeat instrumentation has a distored beat and is led by Larry Gold's orchestration, razorblade synths, and a drum kit.

"Champions" is a collaborative song by hip hop artists Damon Dash, Kanye West, Beanie Sigel, Cam'ron, Young Chris and Twista. It is listed as the first track on the second disc of the Paid in Full soundtrack. The song includes a sped-up sample of "We Are the Champions" by Queen. It was originally scheduled to be a bonus track on West's album The College Dropout (2004).

"Follow God" is a song by American rapper Kanye West from his ninth studio album, Jesus Is King (2019). The song was produced by West, BoogzDaBeast and Xcelence. The producers wrote it alongside Aaron Butts, though the song's sampling of work by Whole Truth led to songwriting credits being listed for Calvin and Curtis Eubanks. It was playlisted to UK mainstream radio by the BBC as the album's lead single on November 8, 2019, through GOOD Music and Def Jam. Around the time of release, the song was the top performing track from Jesus Is King on streaming services. A religious hip hop track, it includes a sample of "Can You Lose by Following God" by Whole Truth, which is chopped up in certain sections. On February 6, 2021, a Dr. Dre Remix was leaked from the scrapped Jesus Is King II album.

References

  1. 1 2 Cush, Andy (September 11, 2017). "Kanye West Got the Steely Dan Sample on Graduation Cleared by Sending Donald Fagen a Handwritten Letter". Spin . Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  2. Graff, Gary (December 7, 2013). "New Steely Dan Album? 'It's In the Air'". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 24, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  3. 1 2 "Exclusive Interview W/ Kanye West". Concrete Loop. October 5, 2007. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kanye West (2007). Graduation (Media notes). Roc-A-Fella Records.
  5. 1 2 Markman, Rob (April 5, 2011). "Consequence Confirms He Wrote Lyrics For Kanye West". MTV. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  6. Skoroma (April 7, 2010). "G.O.O.D. Music's Tony Williams Talks Studio Sessions With Kanye". HipHopDX . Archived from the original on January 25, 2024. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Layfield, Carrie Bradshaw (September 10, 2007). "Reviews - Albums - Kanye West - Graduation". Drowned in Sound . Archived from the original on January 31, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Beaumont, Mark (2015). Kanye West: God & Monster. Omnibus Press. ISBN   9781783233946. Archived from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2024 via Google Books.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Blakeney, Jerome (September 11, 2017). "Every Song on Kanye West's 'Graduation' Ranked From Worst to Best". Highsnobiety . Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  10. Stoppelenburg, Japie (September 30, 2007). "Kanye West: Graduation". No Ripcord. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  11. 1 2 Poletti, James (September 18, 2007). "Kanye West Graduation". Dotmusic . Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  12. 1 2 Heaton, Dave (September 10, 2007). "Kanye West Graduation – Music Review". PopMatters . Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  13. 1 2 Pattison, Louis (September 13, 2007). "Kanye West - 'Graduation' review". NME . Archived from the original on October 20, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  14. Reid, Shaheem (August 29, 2007). "Kanye's Graduation: Inside The NYC Listening Party For West's So-Called 'Comeback'". MTV. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  15. Nagurney, E. (March 14, 2011). "Lauryn Hill responds to wishes of dewy-eyed youngster Kanye West by announcing new tourdates". Tiny Mix Tapes . Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  16. Kellman, Andy. "Graduation – Kanye West". AllMusic. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
  17. "Stadium Status". Complex . September 12, 2007. Archived from the original on July 31, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
  18. Crosely, Hillary (September 19, 2007). "Jay-Z, L.A. Reid Weigh In On Kanye/50 Sales Battle". Billboard. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
  19. Beaumont, Mark (2015). Kanye West: God & Monster. Omnibus Press. ISBN   9781783233946. Archived from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2024 via Google Books.
  20. Bhansali, Akshay (October 9, 2009). "'Glow In The Dark' Book To Show Kanye West Behind The Scenes". MTV. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  21. Singh, Amrit (August 12, 2008). "New Kanye West Video – 'Champion'" . Stereogum . Archived from the original on April 12, 2024. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  22. West, Kanye (August 12, 2008). "Exclusive Champion Video". Kanye West Blog. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
  23. "Kanye West - Champion (Music Video)". Hypetrak. August 12, 2008. Archived from the original on August 17, 2008. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  24. Mann, Jesse (September 10, 2007). "Kanye West. Graduation". Prefix Mag. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  25. Aaron, Charles (November 2007). "Doo Wah Diddy". Spin. 23 (11): 114. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2024 via Google Books.
  26. Pytlik, Mark. September 11, 2007. Review: Graduation Archived September 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine . Pitchfork . Retrieved on April 15, 2024.
  27. Padania, Jesal 'Jay Soul' (September 11, 2007). "RapReview Of The Week – Kanye West:: Graduation". RapReviews. Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  28. Blakeney, Jerome (September 10, 2007). "Review of Kanye West - Graduation". BBC Music. Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  29. Betz, Chet (September 15, 2007). "Kanye West: Graduation". Cokemachineglow . Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  30. Stoppenlenburg, Japie (September 30, 2007). "Kanye West: Graduation". No Ripcord. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  31. Crosley, Hillary (September 15, 2007). "Graduation". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  32. 1 2 "Kanye West Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  33. 1 2 "American single certifications – Kanye West – Champion". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  34. 1 2 "British single certifications – Kanye West – Champion". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  35. Devin (September 30, 2007). "Video: Kanye West on 'Saturday Night Live'". Rap-Up . Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  36. Sagent, Jordan (May 17, 2013). "SaturYe Night Live: Kanye West's History on 'SNL'". Spin. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  37. Crosley, Hillary (May 14, 2008). "Kanye West / May 13, 2008 / New York (Madison Square Garden)". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 4, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  38. Roffman, Michael (May 24, 2008). "Kanye West keeps Chicago glowing (5/23)". Consequence . Archived from the original on June 6, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  39. "K-os covers Kanye West 'Champion' for Like A Version [2008]". Triple J. February 14, 2008. Archived from the original on April 15, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  40. Patel, Joseph (November 17, 2008). "New Kanye West Album — No, Not That One — Hits The Web". MTV. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  41. West, Kanye. "Champion (Nick Catchdubs Remix) - Kanye West Song". BBC Music. Archived from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.