Chief of the Air Staff (India)

Chief of the Air Staff
Flag of the Chief of the Air Staff
Incumbent Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC since 30 September 2021
Indian Air Force
Status	Professional head of aerial branch of the Indian Armed Forces.
Abbreviation	CAS
Member of	Defence Acquisition Council Defence Planning Committee National Security Council
Reports to	President of India Prime Minister of India Minister of Defence Chief of Defence Staff
Seat	Air HQ, Vayu Bhawan, New Delhi
Appointer	Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) President of India
Term length	3 years or at the age of 62, whichever is earlier.
Constituting instrument	Air Force Act, 1950 (Act No. 45 of 1950)
Precursor	Chief of the Air Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Air Force
Formation	26 January 1950;74 years ago (1950-01-26)
First holder	Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst
Deputy	Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS)
Salary	₹250,000 (US$3,100) monthly [1] [2]
Website	Official website

The Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is a statutory office held by the professional head of the Indian Air Force (IAF), the aerial branch of the Indian Armed Forces. ^[3] Customarily held by a four-star air chief marshal, the CAS is the senior-most operational officer of the IAF, mandated with the responsibilities of supervising the force's overall functioning during states of peace and wartime, committing to the establishment-cum-continuity of air deterrence and executing India's security objectives vis-à-vis the preservation of the country's air sovereignty. ^[4] Also a permanent member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) and the National Security Council (NSC), the CAS also bears the responsibility of advising the nation's civilian leadership i.e., the Government of India on all matters privy to the IAF. ^[5]

Statutorily, the CAS ranks 12th-overall in the Indian order of precedence, and is the IAF's status-equivalent of the Chief of Defence Staff, the Chief of the Army Staff and the Chief of the Naval Staff - all three positions of which are also occupied by four-star officers from the armed forces. ^[6]

History

Pre-independence era (1932-1947)

Since the establishment of the Indian Air Force (IAF) in October 1932 (later rechristened the Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF)), the organization's professional head bore the undermentioned designations: ^[7]

• 1932–1938: Air Officer Commanding RAF, India ^[8]
• 1938–1947: Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Forces in India ^[9]

Dominion-era (1947-1950)

Upon independence and the subsequent partition of the subcontinent, RAF India was bifurcated into two new entities: a successor Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) - responsible for the Dominion of India, and the newly-formed Royal Pakistan Air Force (RPAF) - responsible for the Dominion of Pakistan. However, the former role of Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Air Forces in India was trifurcated into three positions:

• Air Marshal Commanding, Royal Indian Air Force
• Commander-in-Chief, Royal Pakistan Air Force
• Deputy Supreme Commander (Air) India and Pakistan

Whilst the RIAF and RPAF maintained their respective commanding officers, the Deputy Supreme Commander (Air), who worked for the Supreme Commander's Headquarters (Supreme HQ), acted as the overall coordinator for the two new air forces, under the additional title of Air Officer Commanding RAF Units in India and Pakistan. ^[10] The role was disbanded in November 1947, following which India and Pakistan subsequently gained full organizational control of the RIAF and RPAF, respectively. ^[10]

On 1 March 1948, the designation of the RIAF's commanding officer was rechristened as Chief of the Air Staff, ^[11] and again to Chief of the Air Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Air Force (CAS/C-in-C, RIAF) on 21 June - as a measure to reflect uniformity with the C-in-Cs of the post-independence Indian Army and the Royal Indian Navy. ^[12] Upon India's establishment as a republic on 26 January 1950, the RIAF was rechristened as the Indian Air Force (IAF), dropping the Royal-prefix; subsequently, the position's designation was again modified to Chief of the Air Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Air Force (CAS/C-in-C, IAF). ^[13] In the initial years after independence, up until 1950, the position was occupied by two air marshals seconded from the RAF, namely, Sir Thomas Walker Elmhirst and Sir Ronald Ivelaw-Chapman. ^[13]

Republic-era (1950-present)

In 1954, Air Marshal Sir Gerald Ernest Gibbs, the IAF's third and then-serving CAS/C-in-C, and originally an RAF-secondment, retired; as a consequence, Air Vice Marshal Subroto Mukherjee - then the IAF's Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS), was promoted to rank of Air Marshal and succeeded him as the first native and first non-RAF C-in-C of the force. ^[14] A year later, in 1955, the designation of C-in-C was shortened to simply Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) through the Commanders-In-Chief (Change in Designation) Act, 1955; as a result of the Act, Mukherjee's tenure continued under the new designation, making him the last C-in-C. ^[15]

In January 2002, then-retired Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh, the IAF's third CAS, was promoted to the five-star rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force (MIAF), in recognition of his leadership during the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War - which made him the only CAS-appointee to have ever been promoted to the rank; his promotion occurred thirty-three years after his superannuation. ^[16] To note, although the rank-holder of MIAF is nominally the highest-ranking officer in the IAF, the rank is all but titular with no operational duties attached, which leaves the CAS as the highest operationally-active officer in the IAF. ^[17]

Description

The Vayu Bhawan, New Delhi - the station of Air HQ, where the CAS is seated.

Roles and responsibilities

Seated at Air Headquarters (Air HQ), stationed in New Delhi, the CAS is the senior-most operational officer of the IAF, and is tasked with the following:

• Responsibility for the overall functioning of the organization's facets, such as command, control, administration and strategy. ^[18]
• Advising the Central Government on all matters privy to the IAF. ^[5]
• Coordinating various components of the IAF towards the protection-cum-realization of the nation's air sovereignty during states of armed conflict or war. ^[19]
• Convening court-martials at the behest of the Central Government to review cases of misconduct during peace and wartime. ^[20]
• Reviewing the judicial sentencing and pleas of officers convicted of professional misconduct whilst in service. ^[20]

In addition to these responsibilities, the CAS is also a permanent member of:

• Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC)
• National Security Council (NSC)
• Defence Planning Committee (DPC)
• Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)

The office's eminence in the aforementioned groups thus grants the appointee with the role to advise the Minister of Defence (Raksha Mantri or RM) on the affairs related to the IAF's functioning and the promotion of an comprehensive integrated planning policy with respect to the affairs of tri-service integration, doctrinal strategy, capability development, defence acquisition and infrastructure. ^{[21] [22]}

Structure

As the professional head of the force, the CAS is assisted by one subordinate officer and one principal staff officer, namely:

• Subordinate
  • Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS)
• Principal Staff Officer
  • Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS)

Promotion

Initially, beginning in the pre-independence era, until 1966, the office of CAS was held by a three-star air marshal; the first three chiefs in the post-independence IAF were three-star air marshals. ^[23] However, the office’s rank-eligibility was raised to the four-star rank of air chief marshal in January 1966, initially as a recognitive measure to Air Marshal Arjan Singh, the IAF's third and then-incumbent CAS, for his leadership of the IAF during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965; every CAS-appointee since then has been an air chief marshal. ^[23]

The move to appoint a new designate to the position usually begins three months before the change-of-command, wherein the Ministry of Defence (MoD) reviews the résumés of the IAF's senior-most air marshals, which regularly includes the Vice Chief of the Air Staff and at-most three of the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chiefs (AOC-in-C) of the force’s combatant commands. ^[24] Appointments to the position are made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) - comprising the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defence, upon recommendation from Air HQ; appointees to the office are subsequently promoted to the rank of air chief marshal. ^[25]

Tenure

During the initial years of the post-independence IAF, CAS-appointees were given one four-year term, with the possibility of extension; Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee was the longest serving chief – at 6 years, 7 months, 7 days, and the only appointee to have ever received a second four-year term; nevertheless, he unexpectedly died halfway through it. ^[26] Currently, according to the Defence Service Regulations (Updated), 2000 – a CAS-appointee reaches superannuation upon the completion of three years in the position or at the age of 62, whichever is earlier. ^[27]

Additionally, a CAS-appointee is also eligible to be selected for the position of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), in accordance with the Air Force (Amendment) Regulations, 2022 - which prescribes that the designated nominee, in this case the CAS, must be under the age of 62 at the time of appointment as CDS; as of 2024, no CAS-appointee has ever been appointed as CDS. ^{[28] [29]}

Appointees

For all air chiefs of the Royal Air Force in British India, see RAF India § Commanders.

For all air chiefs of the Royal Indian Air Force (pre-1950), see Royal Indian Air Force § Commanders.

(**Seconded from the Royal Air Force )

Air Marshal Commanding, Royal Indian Air Force (1947–1948)

No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Elmhirst, Thomas Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst CB , KBE , AFC ** (1895–1982) [lower-alpha 1]	15 August 1947	20 June 1948	310 days

Chief of the Air Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Air Force (1948–1950)

No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Elmhirst, Thomas Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst CB , KBE , AFC ** (1895–1982) [lower-alpha 1]	21 June 1948	25 January 1950	1 year, 218 days

Chief of the Air Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Air Force (1950–1955)

No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Elmhirst, Thomas Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst KBE , CB , AFC ** (1895–1982) [lower-alpha 1] [30]	26 January 1950	23 February 1950	28 days
2		Ivelaw-Chapman, Ronald Air Marshal Sir Ronald Ivelaw-Chapman KBE , CB , DFC , AFC ** (1899–1978) [lower-alpha 1]	23 February 1950	9 December 1951	1 year, 289 days
3		Gibbs, Gerald Air Marshal Gerald Ernest Gibbs CIE , CBE , MC & Two Bars ** (1896–1992) [lower-alpha 1]	10 December 1951	31 March 1954	2 years, 111 days
4		Mukerjee, Subroto Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee OBE (1911–1960)	1 April 1954	31 March 1955	364 days

Chief of the Air Staff (1955–present)

No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office
4		Mukerjee, Subroto Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee OBE (1911–1960)	1 April 1955	8 November 1960 †	5 years, 221 days
5		Engineer, Aspy Air Marshal Aspy Merwan Engineer DFC (1912–2002)	1 December 1960	31 July 1964	3 years, 243 days
6		Singh, Arjan Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh DFC (1919–2017)	1 August 1964	15 July 1969	4 years, 348 days
7		Lal, Pratap Air Chief Marshal Pratap Chandra Lal DFC (1916–1982)	16 July 1969	15 January 1973	3 years, 183 days
8		Mehra, Om Air Chief Marshal Om Prakash Mehra PVSM (1919–2015)	16 January 1973	31 January 1976	3 years, 15 days
9		Moolgavkar, Hrushikesh Air Chief Marshal Hrushikesh Moolgavkar PVSM , MVC (1920–2015)	1 February 1976	30 August 1978	2 years, 241 days
10		Latif, Idris Air Chief Marshal Idris Hasan Latif PVSM (1923–2018)	1 September 1978	30 August 1981	3 years, 29 days
11		Singh, Dilbagh Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh PVSM , AVSM , VM (1926–2001)	1 September 1981	3 September 1984	3 years, 2 days
12		Katre, Lakshman Air Chief Marshal Lakshman Madhav Katre PVSM , AVSM (1926–1985)	3 September 1984	1 July 1985 †	301 days
13		Fontaine, Denis Air Chief Marshal Denis Anthony La Fontaine PVSM , AVSM , VM (1929–2011)	3 July 1985	31 July 1988	3 years, 28 days
14		Mehra, Surinder Air Chief Marshal Surinder Kumar Mehra PVSM , AVSM , VM (1932–2003)	1 August 1988	31 July 1991	2 years, 364 days
15		Suri, Nirmal Air Chief Marshal Nirmal Chandra Suri PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1933)	31 July 1991	31 July 1993	2 years
16		Kaul, Swaroop Air Chief Marshal Swaroop Krishna Kaul PVSM , MVC , ADC (born 1935)	1 August 1993	31 December 1995	2 years, 152 days
17		Sareen, Satish Air Chief Marshal Satish Kumar Sareen PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1939)	31 December 1995	31 December 1998	3 years
18		Tipnis, Anil Air Chief Marshal Anil Yashwant Tipnis PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1940)	31 December 1998	31 December 2001	3 years
19		Krishnaswamy, Srinivasapuram Air Chief Marshal Srinivasapuram Krishnaswamy PVSM , AVSM , VM (born 1943)	31 December 2001	31 December 2004	3 years
20		Tyagi, Shashindra Air Chief Marshal Shashindra Pal Tyagi PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1945)	31 December 2004	31 March 2007	2 years, 90 days
21		Major, Fali Air Chief Marshal Fali Homi Major PVSM , AVSM , SC , VM , ADC (born 1947)	31 March 2007	31 May 2009	2 years, 61 days
22		Naik, Pradeep Air Chief Marshal Pradeep Vasant Naik PVSM , VSM , ADC (born 1949)	31 May 2009	31 July 2011	2 years, 61 days
23		Browne, Norman Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1951)	31 July 2011	31 December 2013	2 years, 153 days
24		Raha, Arup Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1954)	31 December 2013	31 December 2016	3 years
25		Dhanoa, Birender Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa PVSM , AVSM , YSM , VM , ADC (born 1957)	31 December 2016	30 September 2019	2 years, 273 days
26		Bhadauria, Rakesh Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1959)	30 September 2019	30 September 2021	2 years
27		Chaudhari, Vivek Ram Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari PVSM , AVSM , VM , ADC (born 1962)	30 September 2021	Incumbent	2 years, 207 days

See also

Other offices of the Indian Armed Forces

• Chief of Defence Staff
• Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee
• Chief of Integrated Defence Staff
• Chief of the Army Staff
• Chief of the Naval Staff

History

• Marshal of the Indian Air Force
• List of serving air marshals of the Indian Air Force

Notes

1. Seconded from the Royal Air Force

References

1. "Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India" (PDF). Seventh Central Pay Commission, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
2. Biswas, Shreya, ed. (29 June 2016). "7th Pay Commission cleared: What is the Pay Commission? How does it affect salaries?". India Today . Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
3. "CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF". indianairforce.nic.in.
4. "IAF's Revised Doctrine 2022: An Overview". www.vifindia.org. 7 February 2023.
5. "The Civil and the Military in India". www.theindiaforum.in. 12 February 2020.
6. "PRESIDENT'S SECRETARIAT" (PDF). www.mha.gov.in. 26 July 1979.
7. "The Royal Indian Air Force, 1932 – 1947". www.rafmuseum.org.uk. 15 August 2020.
8. "Inter-War, Inter-Service Friction on the North-West Frontier of India and its Impact on the Development and Application of Royal Air Force Doctrine" (PDF). core.ac.uk.
9. "PB Joubert de la Ferte_P". www.rafweb.org.
10. "Departure of Air Marshal H. S. P. Walmsley" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 13 November 1947. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
11. "Press Communique" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 28 February 1948. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
12. "Press Communique" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. 21 June 1948. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
13. "Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst". www.rafweb.org.
14. "Government Tribute To Air Marshal Mukerjee" (PDF). archive.pib.gov.in. 9 November 190.
15. "THE COMMANDERS-IN-CHIEF (CHANGE IN DESIGNATION) BILL, 1955" (PDF). lddashboard.legislative.gov.in.
16. "Arjan Singh is India's first IAF marshal". m.rediff.com. 25 January 2002.
17. "MARSHAL OF IAF". afcat.cdac.in.
18. "Indian Armed Forces". knowindia.india.gov.in.
19. "rotection of India's sovereignty, integrity to be ensured at any cost: New IAF Chief". The Economic Times. 30 September 2021.
20. "The Air Force Act, 1950" (PDF).
21. "Civil-military relations in Independent India". www.orfonline.org. 15 August 2022.
22. "CDS Rawat to face hurdles & sabotage unless rules are rewritten". www.orfonline.org. 2 January 2020.
23. "HIGHER RANK FOR AIR CHIEF" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 20 January 1966.
24. "Suspense continues over name of next IAF Chief". www.theweek.in. 16 September 2019.
25. "Who is R.K.S. Bhadauria, the next IAF chief". www.theweek.in. 19 September 2019.
26. "Fresh Tenure for Air Chief" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 14 August 1958.
27. "Defence Services Regulations, 2000" (PDF). www.mod.gov.in.
28. "Watch - Navy or IAF Officer Should've Been Made CDS but Lt Gen Chauhan a Good Choice: Ajai Shukla". thewire.in. 29 September 2022.
29. "MINISTRY OF DEFENCE (Department of Defence) NOTIFICATION" (PDF). assettype.com.
30. Chiefs of the Indian Air Force 1947 to Present Archived 26 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine

• Chiefs of the Indian Air Force

External links

• "Chief of The Air Staff". Indian Air Force. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2014.