The Chinese Communist Party (CCP),officially the Communist Party of China (CPC),is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong,the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang. In 1949,Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Since then,the CCP has governed China and has had sole control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Successive leaders of the CCP have added their own theories to the party's constitution,which outlines the party's ideology,collectively referred to as socialism with Chinese characteristics. As of 2023,the CCP has more than 98 million members,making it the second largest political party by membership in the world after India's Bharatiya Janata Party.
A communist state,also known as a Marxist–Leninist state,is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union,the Comintern after Bolshevisation and the communist states within the Comecon,the Eastern Bloc,and the Warsaw Pact. Marxism–Leninism currently still remains the ideology of a few parties around the world. After its peak when many communist states were established,the Revolutions of 1989 brought down most of the communist states;however,it is still the official ideology of the ruling parties of China,Cuba,Laos,Vietnam,and to a lesser extent,North Korea. During the later part of the 20th century,before the Revolutions of 1989,around one-third of the world's population lived in communist states.
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s united front system. Its members advise and put proposals for political and social issues to government bodies. However,the CPPCC is a body without real legislative power. While consultation does take place,it is supervised and directed by the CCP.
The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang is one of the eight minor political parties in the People's Republic of China under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party.
From November 1978 to December 1979,thousands of people put up "big character posters" on a long brick wall of Xidan Street,Xicheng District of Beijing,to protest about the political and social issues of China;the wall became known as the Democracy Wall. Under acquiescence of the Chinese government,other kinds of protest activities,such as unofficial journals,petitions,and demonstrations,were also soon spreading out in major cities of China. This movement can be seen as the beginning of the Chinese Democracy Movement. It is also known as the "Democracy Wall Movement". This short period of political liberation was known as the "Beijing Spring".
Ideological debate over democracy in China has existed in Chinese politics since the 19th century. Chinese scholars,thinkers,and policy-makers have debated about democracy,an idea which was first imported by Western colonial powers but which some argue also has connections to classic Chinese thinking. Starting in the mid-eighteenth century,many Chinese argued about how to deal with Western culture. Though Chinese Confucians were initially opposed to Western modes of thinking,it became clear that aspects of the West were appealing. Industrialization gave the West an economic and military advantage. The Qing dynasty's defeats in the First and Second Opium Wars compelled a segment of Chinese politicians and intellectuals to rethink their notion of cultural and political superiority.
The China National Democratic Construction Association (CNDCA),sometimes translated as the China Democratic National Construction Association (CDNCA),also known by its Chinese abbreviation Minjian (民建),is one of the eight minor political parties in the People's Republic of China under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party. It is the third-ranking minor party in China.
The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (TDSL),also known by its Chinese abbreviation Taimeng,is one of the eight minor political parties in the People's Republic of China under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party.
In Marxist theory,a new democratic society will arise through the organised actions of an international working class,enfranchising the entire population and freeing up humans to act without being bound by the labour market. There would be little,if any,need for a state,the goal of which was to enforce the alienation of labor;as such,the state would eventually wither away as its conditions of existence disappear. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels stated in The Communist Manifesto and later works that "the first step in the revolution by the working class,is to raise the proletariat to the position of ruling class,to win the battle for democracy" and universal suffrage,being "one of the first and most important tasks of the militant proletariat". As Marx wrote in his Critique of the Gotha Program,"between capitalist and communist society there lies the period of the revolutionary transformation of the one into the other. Corresponding to this is also a political transition period in which the state can be nothing but the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat". He allowed for the possibility of peaceful transition in some countries with strong democratic institutional structures,but suggested that in other countries in which workers can not "attain their goal by peaceful means" the "lever of our revolution must be force",stating that the working people had the right to revolt if they were denied political expression. In response to the question "What will be the course of this revolution?" in Principles of Communism,Friedrich Engels wrote:
Above all,it will establish a democratic constitution,and through this,the direct or indirect dominance of the proletariat.
In the history of political parties in China,the first major party in China was the Kuomintang (KMT),which moved to Taiwan in 1949. It was founded in the Republic of Hawaii on November 24,1894,before being reorganized at Guangdong Province on August 25,1912,from a union of several revolutionary groups. The Republic of China was founded by Kuomintang's leader Sun Yat-sen later that year. In 1921,the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in Shanghai as a study society,and an informal political network.
The Young China Party (YCP),also known as the Chinese Youth Party (CYP),is a minor political party in Taiwan. It was one of the three legal political parties in Taiwan during the martial law period from 1949 to 1987,the other two being the Kuomintang and the China Democratic Socialist Party. The YCP was an important political party during the early history of the Republic of China,when its government was based on the mainland.
The history of the Chinese Communist Party began with its establishment in July 1921. A study group led by Peking University professors Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao to discuss Marxism,led to intellectuals officially founding the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in July 1921. In 1923,Sun Yat-sen invited the CCP to form a United Front,and to join his Nationalist Party (GMD) in Canton for training under representatives of the Communist International,the Soviet Union's international organization. The Soviet representatives reorganized both parties into Leninist parties. Rather than the loose organization that characterized the two parties until then,the Leninist party operated on the principle of democratic centralism,in which the collective leadership set standards for membership and an all-powerful Central Committee determined the party line,which all members must follow.
People's democratic dictatorship is a phrase incorporated into the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party. The premise of the "People's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and state represent and act on behalf of the people,but in the preservation of the dictatorship of the proletariat,possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. The term forms one of the CCP's Four Cardinal Principles. Implicit in the concept of the people's democratic dictatorship is the notion that dictatorial control by the party is necessary to prevent the government from collapsing into a "dictatorship of the bourgeoisie",a liberal democracy,which,it is feared,would mean politicians acting in the interest of the bourgeoisie. This would be in opposition to the socialist charter of the CCP.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) frames its ideology as Marxism adapted to the historical context of China,often expressing it as socialism with Chinese characteristics. Major ideological contributions of the CCP's leadership are viewed as "Thought" or "Theory," with "Thought" carrying greater weight. Influential concepts include Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiaoping Theory,and Xi Jinping Thought. Other important concepts include the socialist market economy,Jiang Zemin's idea of the Three Represents,and Hu Jintao's Scientific Outlook on Development.
Socialism in Hong Kong is a political trend taking root from Marxism and Leninism which was introduced to Hong Kong in the early 1920s. Socialist trends have taken various forms,including Marxism–Leninism,Maoism,Trotskyism,democratic socialism and liberal socialism,with the Marxist–Leninists being the most dominant faction due to the influence of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regime in the mainland. The "traditional leftists" became the largest force representing the pro-Beijing camp in the post-war decades,which had an uneasy relationship with the colonial authorities. As the Chinese Communist Party adopted capitalist economic reforms from 1978 onwards and the pro-Beijing faction became increasingly conservative,the socialist agenda has been slowly taken up by the liberal-dominated pro-democracy camp.
"Two Establishes" (两个确立) and "Two Upholds" (两个维护) are two political slogans established by the Chinese Communist Party to reinforce general secretary Xi Jinping's rule.
Whole-process people's democracy,formerly termed whole-process democracy,is a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) political concept describing the people's participation in,and relationship to,governance under socialism with Chinese characteristics. Whole-process people's democracy differs from liberal democracy in that it is a consequentialist model of political decision-making,aiming to be judged by how well the government is able to improve the socioeconomic lives of citizens,rather than being based on democratic processes.
The National Constituent Assembly was a constituent assembly in China,assembled for drafting the Constitution of the Republic of China. Meetings were convened in November and December 1946 at National Great Hall,Nanjing.
