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Donbas separatism is separatist sentiment in the southeast of Ukraine. According to proponents, there is a "common historical, cultural and economic region of Donbas". According to the authors of the concept of the region "is committed to the formation of autonomous and independent states on the territory of Donbas".
Before the 1917 revolution, the idea of administrative allocation of industrial Donbas region, combining these areas of administrative division in the Russian Empire, the boundaries of two provinces and regions of the Don Cossacks during several decades expressed by representatives of the big bourgeoisie. First of all, it is on the Board of the South of Russia Congress of Miners (SSGYUR). Positioning itself as a structure that unites leaders of Donbas, the Union has created a regional economic structure of the region do not recognize administrative boundaries of the empire, which were formed long before the territory of Donbas industrial mines and large enterprises. Avdakov represented Kharkiv, the rest were from Rostov, Mariupol, and even Yuzovka Voronezh. [1]
Almost from its inception, the Congress of Miners actively sought administrative reforms of the Russian Empire, or at least those regions, which focused business entrepreneurs Donbas.
The idea of separation of Donbas in the special administrative unit belonged to the Bolsheviks did not, what actually writes directly and Vynnychenko, who said that "Donetsk Federative Soviet Republic" creates "quite that same list as in the Cadet Commission of the Provisional Government, both instructions General Secretariat, the province of Kharkiv, Ekaterinoslav, Kherson (coal, iron, bread) created a republic " [2]
In 1917, von Ditmar made great efforts to implement the idea of the administrative unification of the Donets Basin. Back in March, immediately after the February Revolution, the Council called for the formation of miners in Kharkov special committee to manage the industry margin. In July, with the participation of Dietmar was convened Constituent Congress of the regional supply of Donbas, the main purpose of which was to create a single coordinating body managing the economy of Donbas.
Ditmar, expressing the view of business circles of Donbas, saw nothing in common with industrial regions Donkrivbassa Central Ukraine: "The whole area as industrialized as well as the geographical and household appears to be completely different from Kyiv. This whole area has its own completely independent of paramount importance for Russia, lives an independent life, and administrative subordination of the Kharkov region Kyiv region decisively no call, but rather as totally responsible life is artificial subjugation only complicate and hamper the entire life of the district, the more that this submission is not dictated by questions of expediency and state requirements, but only the national aspirations leaders of the Ukrainian movement."
For the first time the establishment of the state of education in the Donbas at the official level was set November 17, 1917 at the plenary session of the Regional Committee of the Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies Donkrivbassa in Kharkov. The main report "On the Ukrainian question" did the Menshevik Rubinstein, who put forward the idea popular in the province, "the indivisibility of the Donets Basin and the insubordination of regional management of other territorial regional government." Judging by the title of the report, it is clear that such "regional government" considered harkovtsy Central Rada, putting the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog region and Ukraine by one notch administrative - territorial hierarchy. The resolution called for a referendum on the territory of Donbas on the matter [3]
Mykola Skrypnyk states that the idea of "separating the Donets Basin of Ukraine" have arisen in the minds of some of our comrades back in August - October 1917. [4]
On Saturday, December 9, in the room of the Noble Assembly in Kharkov III opened an extraordinary congress of Soviets Donetsk-Krivoy Rog area, which was hastily assembled in order to discuss the relation to the Central Rada and the "Ukrainian question." According to the author of the foreword to the materials on the trees and shrubs in the "Annals of the Revolution» X. Myshkis, among other things, the congress "had to decide on the organization of the republic" - the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog republic. [5]
According to Bosch, the Menshevik faction at the Congress proposes to limit the adoption of "regulations, which the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog region declares himself autonomous region, independently from the central Ukrainian authorities nor from the Russian," and the Kharkov Council considered "the highest authority in the field." [6]
After the declaration of the Fourth wagon of the Central Council, announces the creation of an independent Ukraine spread its borders in the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog area .In among local political circles there was an idea of the survey population, and which was supported by the executive committee of Donetsk-Krivoy Rog area (at the time there were 7 Bolsheviks 13 Mensheviks and SRs). The resolution called for a referendum on the political future of the region. [7]
In a referendum on the ownership of Donbas and certain regions in Ukraine insisted then Soviet leadership of Russia. This was clearly stated a representative of the CPC Lenin, Joseph Stalin in the negotiations on a direct line with one of the leaders of the Central Rada Mykola Porsche 17 November 1917. Separation or autonomization of Donbas rejected. [8]
In a February 2014 poll by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, 33% of residents in Donetsk oblast and 24% in Luhansk oblast wanted to form a single country with Russia. [9] [10] A survey conducted in early March 2014 found 59% of Donbas residents favoured a federal system of national government over Ukraine's unitary one. [9] [11] A late March 2014 survey showed that in the Donbas 18% of residents supported separatist sentiments, 17% wanted their oblast to form an independent state, and 24% would like it to join a foreign country. [9] [12]
As of 23 June 2022, Russian officials claimed to control 55% of the Donetsk region. [13] [14] [15]
This is a list of historical regions in present-day Ukraine.
Donetsk Oblast, also referred to as Donechchyna, is an oblast in eastern Ukraine. It is Ukraine's most populous province, with around 4.1 million residents. Its administrative centre is Donetsk, though due to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, the regional administration was moved to Kramatorsk. Historically, the region has been an important part of the Donbas region. From its creation in 1938 until November 1961, it bore the name Stalino Oblast, in honour of Joseph Stalin. As part of the de-Stalinization process, it was renamed after the Siversky Donets river, the main artery of Eastern Ukraine. Its population is estimated at 4,100,280.
Kharkiv Oblast, also referred to as Kharkivshchyna, is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the north-west and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. The area of Kharkiv Oblast is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), corresponding to 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.
The Donbas or Donbass is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. Parts of the Donbas are occupied by Russia as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Luhansk, also known as Lugansk, is a city in the Donbas region, eastern Ukraine. As of 2022, the population was estimated to be 397,677, making Luhansk the 12th-largest city in Ukraine.
Alchevsk is a city and the nominal administrative center of Alchevsk Raion in Luhansk Oblast, in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine. It is located 45 kilometres from the administrative center of the oblast, Luhansk. Population: 106,062.
Sievierodonetsk, also spelled Severodonetsk, is a city in Luhansk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is located to the northeast of the left bank of the Donets river and approximately 110 km (68 mi) to the northwest from the administrative center of the oblast, Luhansk. Sievierodonetsk faces neighbouring Lysychansk across the river. The city, whose name comes from the above-mentioned river, had a population of 99,067, making it then the second-most populous city in the oblast. Since June 2022, it has been militarily occupied and administered by Russia.
Milove is the easternmost urban-type settlement the nominal administrative center of Milove settlement hromada in the Starobilsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Population: 5,680 . Prior to 2020, it was the administrative centre of the former Milove Raion. The town is currently occupied by Russian troops.
Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev, better known as Comrade Artyom, was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist. He was a close friend of Sergei Kirov and Joseph Stalin. Sergeyev was an ideologist of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.
Vovchansk is a city in Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Vovchansk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 17,459.
The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic or Donetsk–Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic was a self-declared Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR proclaimed on 12 February 1918. It was founded three days after the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) signed its Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, which recognised the borders of the UPR. Lenin did not support the creation of the entity and neither did Sverdlov. Some other Bolsheviks like Elena Stasova, however, sent a telegraph of best wishes.
Eastern Ukraine or east Ukraine is primarily the territory of Ukraine east of the Dnipro river, particularly Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts (provinces). Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts are often also regarded as "eastern Ukraine". In regard to traditional territories, the area encompasses portions of the southern Sloboda Ukraine, Donbas, the eastern Azov Littoral (Pryazovia).
Donets Governorate was a governorate of the Ukrainian SSR (Ukraine) that existed between 1919 and 1925.
The Luhansk People's Republic or Lugansk People's Republic is an internationally unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast, with its capital in Luhansk. The LPR was proclaimed by Russian-backed paramilitaries in 2014, and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.
Hrabove, also known as Grabovo is a village in Horlivka Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine. Its population was 1,000 as of the 2001 Ukrainian census. It is known for being the crash site of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, which was shot down by Igor Girkin, Sergey Dubinsky, and Leonid Kharchenko, and crashed in the south of the village.
Andrei Yevgenyevich Purgin is a Ukrainian activist, cofounder of the Donetsk Republic organization along with Aleksandr Tsurkan and Oleg Frolov. Until 4 September 2015 he was the Chairman of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic.
The Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine are areas of Ukraine that are currently controlled by Russia in the course of the Russo-Ukrainian War. In Ukrainian law, they are defined as the "temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine".
The Donetsk Red Army was the field army of the short-lived Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic during the Russian Civil War. It existed between March 4 and April 15, 1918 and was formed to protect the Republic from the German-Austrian Army, which entered the territory of Ukraine at the invitation of the leadership of the Ukrainian People's Republic. It counted some 8,500 men.
The International Movement of Donbass, or just Intermovement, also called the Interfront of the Donbass was a political movement in the late Ukrainian SSR and the first decade of independent Ukraine. It was founded in 1990 by the members of the intelligentsia in the Donbas region in Eastern Ukraine. It was founded in opposition to the People's Movement of Ukraine, which favored Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union. Similar Interfront pro-Soviet movements existed in the Latvian SSR, Moldovan SSR and other republics.
This is a list article about flags that have been used by pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine and in areas occupied by Russia and Russian-controlled forces during the Russo-Ukrainian War.
