Eluru Helapuri | |
---|---|
City | |
Coordinates: 16°42′42″N81°06′11″E / 16.71167°N 81.10306°E | |
Country | India |
State | Andhra Pradesh |
District | Eluru |
Founded | 2nd century |
Incorporated (town) | 1866 |
Incorporated (city) | 9 April 2005 |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor–council |
• Body | Eluru Municipal Corporation, EUDA |
• M.P | Kotagiri Sridhar (YSRCP) |
• M.L.A | Alla Kali Krishna Srinivas (YSRCP) |
Area | |
• City | 11.52 km2 (4.45 sq mi) |
• Urban | 154 km2 (59 sq mi) |
• Metro | 3,328.99 km2 (1,285.33 sq mi) |
Elevation | 22 m (72 ft) |
Population (2011) | |
• City | 214,414 [3] |
• Rank | 12th (in state) |
• Metro | 2,760,160 [2] |
Demonym(s) | Elurian, Elurite, Helapuree |
Languages | |
• Official | Telugu |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 534*** |
Telephone code | +91–08812 |
Vehicle registration | AP-39 |
Website | eluru |
Eluru is a city and the district headquarters of Eluru district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 14 municipal corporations in the state and the mandal headquarters of Eluru mandal in the Eluru revenue division. The city is on the Tammileru river. The city is well known for its wool-pile carpets and hand woven products. As of 2011 [update] Census of India, the city had a population of 214,414. Its history dates back to the second century CE.
It was a part of the Vengi Kingdom. [4] During the rule of the Buddhist kingdom of Vengi, it was the capital city and was known as 'Helapuri'. [5] It was also known as 'Ellore'. [6] To distinguish with Vellore, which was having same pronunciation during Nizam rule, Ellore was referred as Uppu Ellore (i.e. Salt Ellore), while the former one was referred as Ra Vellore or Raya Vellore. [7]
The history of Eluru dates back to the second century CE and has great prominence in the history of Andhra. Vengi near Eluru was the capital of Andhra from the second century to the twelfth century, ruled by Salankayanas, Vishnukudinas, and Eastern Chalukyas. Vengi was the capital city of Andhradesa for more years than any other city in Andhra Pradesh. Eluru was part of the Buddhist kingdom of Vengi.
Salankayana ruled from the third century CE to the fifth century CE. [8] They were known as Salankayana after the Gotra name and were the feudatories of Ikshvakus. They ruled near the Vengi area, with Vengi (Eluru) as the capital. Salankayana is another of the Phantom kingdoms of Andhra for Indologists. Their date is fixed based on Samudra Gupta inscription mention of Hastivarman of Vengi. [9]
Eluru was a major city of the Vishnukundinas. [10] Vishnukundin reign might be fixed between the end of the Salankayana and the rise of the Eastern Chalukyan power in 624 AD. [11] In the late fifth century, the Salankayanas were conquered by Madhavarma II of the Vishnukundinas. During the reign of Madhava Varma the Great, they became independent and conquered coastal Andhra from the Salankayanas and might have shifted their capital to a place in coastal Andhra. [12]
Eastern Chalukyas, or Chalukyas of Vengi, were a dynasty of South India whose kingdom was in the present day Andhra Pradesh. Their capital was Vengi near Eluru and their dynasty lasted around 500 years from the seventh century until c. 1130 C.E., when the Vengi kingdom merged with the Chola empire. [13] The Vengi kingdom continued to be ruled by the Eastern Chalukyas (Eastern Chalukyan kings) under the protection of the Chola empire until 1189 C.E., when the kingdom succumbed to the Hoysalas and the Yadavas. They had their capital originally at Vengi, now Pedavegi, near Eluru of the West Godavari district and was later changed to Rajamahendravaram (Rajahmundry).
Eluru was captured by the Kakatiyas and then became a part of the Kalinga Empire until 1471. Later, it fell into the hands of the Gajapatis. In 1515, Srikrishnadevaraya captured it. After the fall of the Vijayanagara Kingdom, it was taken by the Sultan of Golkonda, Kutub Shah. Mohammedans built the fort at Eluru from the ruins of Vengi. [14]
Salabat Jung, the fourth Nizam of Hyderabad, granted, in 1753, the region including Eluru to the French East India Company. But, the French were forced to transfer it to the British within a few years. During British rule, Eluru was a military station and the capital of the Northern Circars, a division of the Madras Presidency. [15] [16] In the Madras Presidency, the District of Rajahmundry was created in 1823. [17] It was reorganized in 1859 and was bifurcated into Godavari and Machilipatnam districts. Eluru was a part of Machilipatnam district after the division of the Northern Circars. In 1859, it was included in the Godavari district; later, it was made a part of the Krishna district. During British rule, Rajahmundry was the headquarters of the Godavari district, which was further bifurcated into East Godavari and West Godavari districts in 1925. When the Godavari district was divided, Eluru became the headquarters of West Godavari. [18]
In early December 2020, a mystery illness in Eluru killed one person and more than 400 were hospitalised. [19] [20] Preliminary results indicate the cause to be water and milk contaminated by lead and nickel. [21]
Eluru is at 16°42′42″N81°06′11″E / 16.71167°N 81.10306°E and has an average elevation of 22 m (72 ft). It lies on the Eastern coastal plains. [22] It is about halfway between the Krishna and Godavari rivers and about 50 kilometers inland from the Bay of Bengal. The Tammileru river and the Krishna and Godavari canals pass through the city, before the river. The Eluru canal from Krishna empties into Kolleru Lake near the city. [18]
Eluru experiences hot and humid climate due to its proximity to the shore of Bay of Bengal. It has an average annual temperature of 28.2 °C (82.8 °F). May is the hottest and December is the coolest month of the year. Temperature crosses 40 °C (104 °F) in summer. [23] July receives most precipitation and annually the city receives an average rainfall of 992 mm (39.1 in). [24]
Climate data for Eluru, Andhra Pradesh | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 34.5 (94.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 38.6 (101.5) | 36.9 (98.4) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.4 (88.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 28.8 (83.8) | 32.8 (91.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.3 (75.7) | 21.3 (70.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 23.6 (74.4) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 14 (0.6) | 40 (1.6) | 123 (4.8) | 229 (9.0) | 186 (7.3) | 170 (6.7) | 166 (6.5) | 40 (1.6) | 9 (0.4) | 992 (39) |
Source: en.climate-data.org |
As of 2011 [update] census of India, Eluru Municipal Corporation had a population of 214,414 of which 105,707 were male and 108,707 female, [3] whilst Eluru urban agglomeration had a population of 250,693. [26] The estimated city population during 2015–16, period was 350,000. [27] [28]
Eluru Municipal Corporation is the civic body of Eluru. It was first constituted as a municipality in 1866. [29] It was upgraded to Municipal Corporation on 9 April 2005 from selection grade municipality. [5] It is spread over an area of 14.50 km2 (5.60 sq mi) with 50 wards. [1]
The present Municipal Commissioner of the city is Y.Sai Sreekanth and the Mayor is Shaik Noorjahan. [30] In 2015, as per the 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' of the Ministry of Urban Development, Eluru Municipal Corporation was ranked 249th in the country. [31]
Eluru urban agglomeration is spread over an area of 23.85 km2 (9.21 sq mi) and its constituents include Eluru municipal corporation, census towns of Sanivarapupeta, Satrampadu, Gavaravaram, Tangellamudi, and partly out growths of Komadavole, Eluru (rural) villages. [32] [33] : 54
Law and order in Eluru is maintained with the help of eight police stations, which includes one woman and one traffic police station. These are under the jurisdiction of the 'Additional Judicial First Class Magistrate'. [34]
Eluru (Assembly constituency) is one of the constituencies for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Alla Nani is the present MLA of the constituency from YSR Congress Party. [35] The constituency falls under Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency) which was won by Kotagiri Sridhar of the same party. [36] [37] The city is going to be the head office for the Jana Sena Party. [38]
Since the 17th century, Eluru was known for rug weaving, derived from weavers of Iranian descendants. [6] R.R.Pet, Powerpet, Eluru 1-Town area are the commercial centres. [39] Tangellamudi, Sanivarapupeta and Lakshavarapupeta areas of the city are known for the wool pile carpet industry. The eco-friendly carpets are exported to countries like the United States, Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom. [40] [41]
Government allotted 1.416 km2 (0.547 sq mi) of land near Vatluru and Bhogapuram for a light combat aircraft manufacturing facility [42] which is estimated to cost about ₹2,135 billion (US$27 billion). [43]
An antique museum is being set up in the city, that will preserve prehistoric tools, idols, and elements found in the archaeological excavations near the city. [44] [45] [46]
Notable people from Eluru include Kommareddi Suryanarayana, a Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha member in Indian Parliament and Indian freedom activist; Murali Mohan, a member of parliament and Telugu film actor, producer and business executive; Duvvuri Subbarao, an Economist and the 22nd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India; Justice Muhammad Shahabuddin, Judge Federal Court of Pakistan and Governor East Pakistan; Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu, a lawyer, professor, Justice Party leader, Governor and Chief Minister of Madras Presidency; Chodagam Ammanna Raja, Indian freedom movement activist and Rajya Sabha member; Mothey Vedakumari, parliamentarian and singer; V. S. Ramadevi, the first woman to become Chief Election Commissioner of India; Pawan Kumar, former cricketer for Andhra and Hyderabad.
People from film industry are; L. V. Prasad, film producer, actor, director, cinematographer and businessman; Pasupuleti Kannamba, actress, playback singer and film producer of Telugu cinema; Vijaya Bapineedu, magazine editor, film screenwriter and director; V. N. Aditya, film director and screenwriter; Sekhar Kammula, film director, screenwriter and producer; Silk Smitha, film actress; Naga Shaurya, film actor; Shanmukha Srinivas, film actor and an accomplished Kuchipudi dancer. Arvind Krishna is the chairman and CEO of IBM.
Eluru Buddha Park is in the city and is notable for its 74 ft (23 m) Buddha statue in the Abhaya posture, in the heart of Gaja Vallivari Cheruvu tank which was used as drinking water source for elephants in the Ancient Era. [47]
Kolleru Lake is a very large (30,855 hectares [100 sq mi] to 90,100 hectares [300 sq mi]) but shallow fresh-water lake, about 15 km from the city. The lake is known for attracting migratory birds from Northern Europe and Northern Asia during the months of October–March and is designated as the Kolleru Bird Sanctuary. As of 2018, the water level has been low in recent years. [48] [49] [50]
The "Holy Land" of Israel has been replicated on the premises of Fr. Silvio Pasquali Memorial Convent at Duggirala on the city outskirts. [51]
The city has neighbourhoods including Ramachandrarao Pet (R.R. Pet), Narasimharao Pet (N.R. Pet), [56] Pathebada, [57] One-Town (1-Town), Powerpet, Satrampadu, Sanivarapupeta, Vatluru.
Public transport systems in the city and for long-distance travel include government run APSRTC buses, privately operated auto rickshaws, cabs, mini-buses etc. Every day, around 4000 auto rickshaws flee on city roads. [58] National Highway 16, a part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral highway network, bypasses the city and connects Kolkata with Chennai. [59] [60] GNT Road, Mini-Bypass Road, Canal Road and Sanivarapupeta Road are the major internal arterial roads. The city has a total road length of 227.09 km (141.11 mi). [61]
NH216A , is a Spur road of NH16 starts from Eluru Bypass near vatluru connecting Gundugolanu , Bhimadole , Pulla , Kaikaram , Chebrolu , Unguturu , Tadepalligudem , Duvva , Tanuku , Peravali , Khanadavalli , Siddantham, Ravulapalem , Vemagiri , Kadiyapulanka and ends at Rajahmundry .
APSRTC operates its bus services from Eluru Old and Eluru New bus stations [62] [63] to parts of the State Vijayawada, Rajahmundry , Guntur, Nellore, Visakhapatnam , Tirupati , Srikakulam , Tekkali Palasa , Tanuku , Annavaram , Tadepalligudem , Kovvur , Kakinada , Tuni , vizianagaram , Salur , Parvathipuram , Palakonda Kaikaluru , Bhimavaram , Palakollu , Narsapuram , Gudivada , Machilipatnam , Jangareddigudem , Nuzvid , Hanuman junction , Srisailam , Narsaraopeta , Ongole , and to other states (mostly Hyderabad , Khammam , Bhadrachalam , Aswaraopeta , Banglore , Gangavathi , Raichuru). [64] State Highway 43 and State Highway 44 connect Eluru with Sathupalli and Jangareddygudem respectively. [65]
Eluru railway station is classified as an 'A–category station' in the Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone. [66] [67] Apart from the main station, other stations that serve the city include Powerpet, Denduluru and Vatluru. All these stations are on the Howrah-Chennai main line. Eluru is one of the top 100 booking stations of Indian railways. Nearest Airport to Eluru city is Gannavaram Airport which is 35 km from Eluru City.[ citation needed ]
Indian National Waterway 4 (NW-4) is under development. It runs along the Northern Circars through Kakinada, Rajamahendravaram, Eluru, Commanur, Buckingham Canal, and part of the Krishna and Godavari rivers in South India. [68]
ASR Stadium was named after Alluri Sitarama Raju
Cricket and soccer are the most popular sports in the city. Presently, the city has four stadium out of which Indoor Stadium and ASR Stadium hosted for Ranji Trophy in 1977. Other popular stadiums are Helapuri grounds, C.R. Reddy Cricket Stadium.
ASR stadium is located at 16°43′8″N81°6′58″E / 16.71889°N 81.11611°E . [69] [70] It had earlier hosted a Ranji Trophy match, handball, football and hockey tournaments. [70] The ground first held a single first-class match in 1976 when Andhra Pradesh played Hyderabad in the 1976/77 Ranji Trophy, [71] which ended in a draw. [72] It held Finals of Football League of West Godavari Matches in 2016. Current DSDO is Syed Azeez. [73]
Eluru plays a major role in education for urban and rural students from nearby villages. [74] It has an average literacy rate of 83.90% with, according to the 2011 census, a total number of 155,894 who are literate. This includes, 80,434 men (88.13%) and 75,460 women (79.82%). [75]
Primary and secondary school education is provided by government, aided, and private schools, under the School Education Department of Andhra Pradesh. [76] According to the school information report for the academic year 2016–17, the urban area has around 160 schools. These include government, residential, private, municipal, and other types of schools. There are more than 100 private schools and 49 municipal schools. [77] There are more than 30,000 students in these schools. [78]
Instruction is in English, Urdu, and Telugu.
Sri Chintalapati Varaprasada Murthy Raju was the founder of Chintalpati Satyavathi Devi College (St. Therisa College) and three high schools in the name of Indian freedom fighters: Kasturiba Girls High School, Balagangadhar Tilak Oriental for Sanskrit, Duggirala Gopal Krishnayya. Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad High School (the only school with Urdu as medium of instruction in the district). [74] The Central Board of Secondary Education, Secondary School Certificate, or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education are the types of syllabus followed by schools.
The government plans to set up Municipal Corporation Junior College in the city. [79] Eluru city has ASRAM Medical college, St Joseph Dental College, Sir C.R. Reddy Degree College, Sir C.R. Reddy College of Engineering, [80] Eluru College of Engineering and Technology, Ramachandra College of Engineering, Nova College, Helapuri Engineering College are Engineering colleges present in and around Eluru.
Sir C.R. Reddy College, situated in Eluru, has had many famous celebrity graduates. A few of them are Ghattamaneni Krishna, an actor in Telugu cinema and also Member of Parliament, Kota Srinivasa Rao, also an actor in Telugu Cinema and Member of the Legislative Assembly, D Subbarao, the former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, etc.
The city is home to the Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research. [81]
East Godavari is a district in the Coastal Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Its district headquarters is at Rajamahendravaram.
Coastal Andhra or Kosta Andhra is a geographic region in the States and union territories of India of Andhra Pradesh. Vijayawada is the largest city in this region. Region share borders with Uttarandhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana. It was part of Madras State before 1953 and Andhra State from 1953 to 1956. According to the 2011 census, it has an area of 91,915 square kilometres (35,489 sq mi) which is 57.99% of the total state area and a population of 34,193,868 which is 69.20% of Andhra Pradesh state population. This area includes the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh on the Circar Coast between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, from the northern border with Odisha to Rayalaseema in the south.
Rajahmundry, officially Rajamahendravaram, is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and district headquarters of East Godavari district. It is the seventh most populated city in the state. During British rule, the district of Rajahmundry was created in the Madras Presidency in 1823. It was reorganised in 1859 and bifurcated into the Godavari and Krishna districts. Rajahmundry was the headquarters of Godavari district, which was further bifurcated into East Godavari and West Godavari districts in 1925. It is administered under Rajahmundry revenue division of the East Godavari district. The city is known for its floriculture, history, culture, agriculture, economy, tourism, and its heritage. It is known as the "Cultural Capital of Andhra Pradesh".
The West Godavari district is a coastal district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with an administrative headquarters in Bhimavaram. As of the 2011 Census of India, the district has an area of 2,178 km2 (841 sq mi) and a population of 1,779,935. It is bounded by the Krishna district and Bay of Bengal to the south, East Godavari district to the east, and Eluru district, Kolleru Lake and Upputeru Drain to the northwest.
Kakinada is the sixth largest city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and serves as the district headquarters of the Kakinada District. It lies on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. J.N.T.U. College of Engineering Kakinada, established in 1946, is the oldest and popular Government college in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The First Polytechnic college of Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Polytechnic was established here in 1946. It was also the origin point of Buckingham Canal where goods used to be transported by boats during the British rule. It was once home for Asia's largest sea port. Many people from the city migrated from this sea port to countries like Burma, Mauritius, Fiji and various southeast Asian countries to work there as workers where they were called as Coringas.
Kovvur is a town in the East Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the mandal headquarters of Kovvur mandal in Kovvur revenue division.
Bhimavaram is a city and headquarters of West Godavari district of the Andhra Pradesh state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Bhimavaram mandal in Bhimavaram revenue division. It is a part of Eluru Urban Development Authority. As of 2011 census, it is the most populous urban area in the district with a population of 163,875. It is one of the major pilgrimage centers in the state, which is home to Somaramam, one of the five great Pancharama Kshetras.
Palakollu is a city and the administrative headquarters of Palakollu Mandal in Narasapuram revenue division in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Palakollu is situated in Coastal Andhra region of the state. It occupies 4.685 square kilometres (1.809 sq mi). As of 2011 census, it had a population of about 61,284 and a Metro population of about 81,199. Palakollu Municipality merged five Grama panchayats of Seven village's on 7 January 2020. The Seven Villages' had a population of 42,932 as of 2011 Census. It around occupies 20.08 square kilometres (7.75 sq mi) and after merged palakollu municipality, It around occupies 24.68 square kilometres (9.53 sq mi) with 35 election wards it is total population of 1,04,216 and making it the third most populous urban area in West Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Eluru Urban Development Authority.
Vengi or Venginadu is an Indian region in modern-day Andhra Pradesh spread over the Godavari and Krishna river deltas. The capital city of Vengi is located at Pedavegi near Eluru. Vengi was the most prominent city in Ancient Andhra for nearly seven centuries. Vengi served as the capital for Andhra dynasty like Salankayanas This region was part of Ashoka's Mauryan Empire in the mid-3rd century BCE. After the Mauryan Empire collapsed in 185 BC, the region was dominated by the Satavahanas, who were succeeded in Vengi by the Andhra Ikshvakus. Around 300 CE, the Andhra Ikshvakus were replaced by the Salankayanas. In the late 5th century, the Salankayanas were annexed by the Vishnukundinas.
Pithapuram or Pitapuram is a city and a municipality in the Kakinada district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The city also forms a part of Godavari Urban Development Authority. Pitapuram is home to one of the eighteen Maha Sakthi Peethas, which are significant shrines and pilgrimage destinations in Shaktism. Sripada Sri Vallabha, a prominent Hindu saint of 14th century born and lived in Pitapuram.
Jangareddygudem (JRG) is a municipality in newly formed Eluru district which is previously in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
Samarlakota is a town in Kakinada district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The town forms a part of Godavari Urban Development Authority. It was previously known as Chamarlakota, which dates back to a local kaifiyat that was written in the mid-eighteenth century.
Hanuman Junction is a town which lies between the borders of Krishna and Eluru District of Andhra Pradesh state in India. Hanuman Junction gets its name because it is located in the X-Junction of NH-16 & AH-45.
Rajanagaram is a locality in Rajamahendravaram City. It also forms a part of Godavari Urban Development Authority.
Eluru mandal is one of the 28 mandals in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is administered under Eluru revenue division and its headquarters are located at Eluru city. The mandal is bounded by Pedapadu mandal, Pedavegi mandal, Denduluru mandal, Bhimadole mandal and it also borders Krishna district.
Sanivarapupeta is a census town in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Eluru mandal of Eluru revenue division. The town is a constituent of Eluru urban agglomeration.
Komadavole is an out growth of Eluru city in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Eluru mandal of Eluru revenue division. It is also a constituent of Eluru Urban Agglomeration.
Velagalapalli is a village located in Chintalapudi Mandal of West Godavari District in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Eluru district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. With Eluru as its administrative headquarters, it was proposed on 26 January 2022 to become one of the resultant twenty six districts in the state once a final notification is issued by the government of Andhra Pradesh. It is formed from Eluru revenue division and Jangareddygudem revenue division from West Godavari district and Nuzvid revenue division from Krishna district.
Rajahmundry Circar or Rajahmundry Sarkar was one of the five Northern Circars in the Golconda Sultanate, Deccan subah of Mughal empire and later in the Nizam's dominion of Hyderabad. The Northern Circars were the most prominent ones in the Deccan subah. Eastern Ghats near Pentakota village were considered the northern limit of the Rajahmundry Circar while the southern limit was demarcated by the Godavari river.