Epipaschiinae

Last updated

Epipaschiinae
Pococera larva. sweetgum.jpg
Caterpillar of Pococera sp. on sweetgum
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pyralidae
Subfamily: Epipaschiinae
Meyrick, 1884
Type species
Epipaschia superatalis
Clemens, 1860
Diversity
91 genera
Synonyms

Pococerinae Hampson, 1918

The Epipaschiinae are a subfamily of snout moths (family Pyralidae). [1] More than 720 species are known today, [2] which are found mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Some occur in temperate regions, but the subfamily is apparently completely absent from Europe, at least as native species. A few Epipaschiinae are crop pests that may occasionally become economically significant.

Contents

Description and ecology

Adult females are often hard to distinguish from related lineages, and even the larvae do not possess the characteristic sclerotized bristle base near the start of the abdomen, whose position is a tell-tale mark of the other subfamilies of Pyralidae.

By contrast, the adult males of Epipaschiinae are easier to recognize, and three of their traits support the assumption that Epipaschiinae are a natural, monophyletic group:

  1. an always upturned and pointed third segment of the labial palpi
  2. a ventrally curved phallobase of the male which usually extends beyond the ductus ejaculatorius
  3. the weakly sclerotized tegumen

In addition, in most cases the adult males of this subfamily have a conspicuous scaled projection from the scape of the antennae.

The caterpillar larvae are leaf rollers, leaf tiers and leaf miners. As pests, they infest such diverse plants as Persea americana (avocado), Swietenia (mahoganies), or Zea mays (corn). However, they are usually a mere nuisance and do not cause large-scale crop failure.

Systematics

Alma Solis (1993) provided a phylogenetic analysis of 20 genera of the Pococera complex, consisting of some 300 species in the Western Hemisphere. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyraustinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,400 species; most of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spilomelinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Spilomelinae is a very species-rich subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,132 described species in 340 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids.

Pyralinae Subfamily of moths

The Pyralinae are the typical subfamily of snout moths and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. They are rather rare in the Americas however, and their diversity in the Australian region is also limited. Altogether, this subfamily includes about 900 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. Like many of their relatives in the superfamily Pyraloidea, the caterpillar larvae of many Pyralinae – and in some cases even the adults – have evolved the ability to use unusual foods for nutrition; a few of these can become harmful to humans as pests of stored goods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crambinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Crambinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,800 species worldwide. The larvae are root feeders or stem borers, mostly on grasses. A few species are pests of sod grasses, maize, sugar cane, rice, and other Poaceae. The monophyly of this group is supported by the structure of the tympanal organs and the phallus attached medially to the juxta, as well as genetic analyses.

<i>Omiodes</i> Genus of moths

Omiodes is a moth genus in the family Crambidae. Several species are endemic to Hawaii.

<i>Anania</i> Genus of moths

Anania is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1823.

<i>Blepharomastix</i> Genus of moths

Blepharomastix is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Julius Lederer in 1863.

<i>Glyphodes</i> Genus of moths

Glyphodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

<i>Herpetogramma</i> Genus of moths

Herpetogramma is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Julius Lederer in 1863. It currently comprises 106 species and is found in North America, Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand, Central and South America. Of the few species where host plants are known, the larvae mostly feed on grasses.

<i>Pyrausta</i> (moth) Genus of moths

Pyrausta is a speciose genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802.

<i>Petrophila</i> Genus of moths

Petrophila is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Lansdown Guilding in 1830.

<i>Syllepte</i> Genus of moths

Syllepte is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

<i>Hypsopygia</i> Genus of moths

Hypsopygia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Pyralidae. Though fairly small, they are large among their relatives. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1825.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chrysauginae</span> Subfamily of moths

The Chrysauginae are a subfamily of snout moths. They are primarily Neotropical and include about 400 described species.

<i>Pococera</i> Genus of moths

Pococera is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Epipaschiinae, found mainly in North and Central America. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1848.

Mediavia is a genus of snout moths erected by Maria Alma Solis in 1993.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cybalomiinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Cybalomiinae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. It was described by Hubert Marion in 1955.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margaroniini</span> Tribe of moths

Margaroniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Charles Swinhoe and Everard Charles Cotes in 1889.

References

  1. Nuss, Matthias; Landry, Bernard; Mally, Richard; Vegliante, Francesca; Tränkner, Andreas; Bauer, Franziska; Hayden, James; Segerer, Andreas; Schouten, Rob; Li, Houhun; Trofimova, Tatiana; Solis, M. Alma; De Prins, Jurate; Speidel, Wolfgang (2003–2022). "Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ)" . Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  2. Léger, Théo; Mally, Richard; Neinhuis, Christoph; Nuss, Matthias (2020). "Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)". Zoologica Scripta. 50 (1): 84–99. doi: 10.1111/zsc.12452 .
  3. Solis, Maria Alma (1993). "Checklist of the Old World Epipaschiinae and the related new world genera Macalla and Epipaschia (Pyralidae)". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 46 (4): 280–297.