Federal Assembly Федеральное собрание Federalnoye sobraniye | |
---|---|
Type | |
Type | |
Houses | • Federation Council • State Duma |
History | |
Founded | 12 December 1993 |
Preceded by | Supreme Soviet of Russia Constitutional Conference of Russia |
Leadership | |
Structure | |
Seats | State Duma: 450 Federation Council: 170 |
Federation Council political groups | Political parties (167)
Vacant (2)
|
State Duma political groups | Government (324)
Other parties (125)
|
Elections | |
Parallel voting | |
Last Federation Council election | 12 December 1993 |
Last State Duma election | 17–19 September 2021 |
Next State Duma election | Before 20 September 2026 |
Meeting place | |
Federation Council Building, Moscow | |
State Duma Building, Moscow | |
Website | |
Gov.ru | |
Constitution | |
Constitution of Russia, Chapter V, Articles 94-109 |
The Federal Assembly [lower-alpha 1] is the national legislature of the Russian Federation. The upper house is the Federation Council, and the lower house is the State Duma. The assembly was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, replacing the former Supreme Soviet of Russia. It is located in Moscow.
The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Chairman of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes Acting President of Russia. [1] [2] The assembly replaced
The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the Chairman of the Government, deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber, appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, proclamation of amnesty, advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others. [3]
The jurisdiction of the Council of the Federation includes: approval of changes in borders between subjects of the Russian Federation, approval of the decree of the President on the introduction of a martial law or on the introduction of a state of emergency, deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of Russia outside the territory of Russia, appointment of elections of the President, impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of higher courts of Russia, appointment and dismissal of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation, appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounting Chamber and others. [4]
As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill as is, the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.
The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:
In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the State Duma and Federation Council be combined into one building. [5] [6] In 2012, the idea was supported by President Dmitry Medvedev. [7] Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in Moscow, and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.
Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Frunzenskaya embankment, "Moscow City", Tushino airfield, Krasnaya Presnya, Moskvoretskaya embankment, Park Museon and the Sofia embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists. [8]
The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition. [9] The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time. [10]
Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the building of the Council of Labor and Defense which was designed by Arkady Langman and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.
Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020. [11] However, in 2016 it was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like. [12]
The chairman of the government of the Russian Federation, also informally known as the prime minister, is the head of government of Russia and the second highest ranking political office in Russia. Although the post dates back to 1905, its current form was established on 12 December 1993 following the introduction of a new constitution.
The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.
The Federation Council, unofficially Senate, is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.
The Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, also called Speaker (спикер), is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Russian parliament. It is the fourth highest position, after the President, the Prime Minister and the Chairman of the Federation Council, in the government of Russia. His responsibilities include overseeing the day-to-day business of the State Duma, presiding and maintaining order at the regular sessions of the parliament. The Speaker also chairs the Council of the Duma which includes representatives from all the parliamentary parties and determines the legislative agenda.
The annual Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly is a speech given by the Russian President to outline the state and condition in which Russia is in. It is given in front of a joint meeting of the two houses of the Russian Parliament: the State Duma and Federation Council. Article 84 of the current Constitution of Russia enacted in 1993 says "The President of the Russian Federation shall: address the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on the guidelines of the internal and foreign policy of the State". First Russian President Boris Yeltsin delivered the first Address to the Federal Assembly on 24 February 1994. The date of the presidential address is not fixed.
Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin is a Russian politician who currently serves as the 10th Chairman of the State Duma.
Dmitry Gennadyevich Gudkov is a Russian politician and opposition leader. He was elected as a member of the State Duma in 2011–2016. His father, Gennady Gudkov, was also a Duma deputy in 2001–2012. Both father and son were members of the party A Just Russia. Gudkov was expelled from the party on 13 March 2013 after it accused him of "calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs". While Gudkov ran as candidate of Yabloko party and worked with the non-systemic opposition, he lost in the 18 September 2016 election for the Russian Parliament. In 2018, he and Ksenia Sobchak decided to align together, which lead to the creation of an opposition political party which is called the Party of Changes.
Sergey Nikolaevich Shishkarev is a Russian entrepreneur, ex-politician, and public figure. He is the founder and chairman of the board of directors of the Delo Group. Additionally, he holds the vice-president of the Russian Olympic Committee and Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Handball Federation of Russia. He is a Doctor of Law.
Right Cause (PD), officially the All-Russian Political Party “Right Cause”, was an officially registered centre-right Russian political party that existed from 2008 to 2016. It was created from the merger of three parties: Civilian Power, the Democratic Party of Russia (DPR), and the Union of Right Forces, and it declared itself liberal.
The Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, also called Speaker (спикер), is the presiding officer of the Upper house of the Russian parliament. It is the third highest position, after the President and the Prime Minister, in the government of Russia. In the case of incapacity of the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes Acting President of Russia.
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 6th convocation is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 6th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, having begun its term on December 21, 2011 following the last session of the 5th State Duma. The term of office expired October 5, 2016, when the next parliamentary elections.
Mikhail Vladimirovich Degtyarev is a Russian politician serving as Governor of Khabarovsk Krai since 24 September 2021.
Sergey Ivanoviсh Neverov is a Russian political figure, deputy chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of VI, VII and VIII convocations. He was the parliamentary leader of United Russia since 9 October 2017 to 19 September 2021. He was the Secretary of the General Council of the party United Russia from 2011 to 2017.
The 2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly was given by the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, in the Moscow Manege.
The Mikhail Mishustin's First Cabinet was the federal government of Russia from 2020 to 2024, led by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin.
The amendments of 2020, which were proposed in January 2020, are the second substantial amendments to the Constitution of Russia of 1993. To introduce these amendments, Vladimir Putin, president of Russia, held a national vote. They were approved on 1 July by a popular vote.
Maxim Yevgenyevich Katz is a Russian political and public figure, co-founder of the Urban Projects Foundation, author of the YouTube channel of the same name, Russian champion in sports poker, and former deputy of the municipal assembly of the Moscow district Schukino from Party "Yabloko".
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th convocation is the current convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation faction in the State Duma is the deputy association of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the State Duma of the VIII convocation (2021–2026).
The 2023 Moscow mayoral election took place on 10 September 2023, on common election day. Incumbent Mayor Sergey Sobyanin was running to a fourth term in office. It was a landslide victory for Sobyanin, who was re-elected with 76% of the vote.
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