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Found footage is a cinematic technique in which all or a substantial part of the work is presented as if it were film or video recordings recorded by characters in the story, and later "found" and presented to the audience. The events on screen are typically seen through the camera of one or more of the characters involved, often accompanied by their real-time, off-camera commentary. For added realism, the cinematography may be done by the actors themselves as they perform, and shaky camera work and naturalistic acting are routinely employed. The footage may be presented as if it were "raw" and complete or as if it had been edited into a narrative by those who "found" it.
The most common use of the technique is in horror films, such as The Blair Witch Project , Cannibal Holocaust , Paranormal Activity , Diary of the Dead , REC , Cloverfield , Trollhunter , V/H/S , and Incantation , where the footage is purported to be the only surviving record of the events, with the participants now missing or dead. It has also been used in science fiction (e.g., Chronicle , District 9 , Project Almanac , Europa Report ), drama (e.g., Zero Day , Exhibit A ), comedy (e.g., Project X ), mystery (e.g., Searching ), family (e.g., Earth to Echo ), experimental arthouse (e.g., The Connection , The Outwaters) and war (e.g. 84C MoPic ) films.
Although found footage was originally the name of an entirely different genre, it is now frequently used to describe pseudo-documentaries crafted with this narrative technique (e.g. Lake Mungo , Noroi: The Curse ) and screenlife films (e.g. Unfriended , Searching ). The film magazine Variety has, for example, used the term "faux found-footage film" to describe some titles. Film scholar David Bordwell criticizes this recent usage, arguing that it sows confusion, and instead prefers the term "discovered footage" for the narrative gimmick. [1]
Found-footage films typically employ one or more of six cinematic techniques—first-person perspective, pseudo-documentary, mockumentary, news footage, surveillance footage, or screenlife —according to an analysis of 500 found-footage films conducted by Found Footage Critic. [2]
As a storytelling technique, found footage has precedents in literature, particularly in the epistolary novel, which typically consists of either correspondence or diary entries, purportedly written by a character central to the events. Like found footage, the epistolary technique has often been employed in horror fiction: both Dracula and Frankenstein are epistolary novels, as is The Call of Cthulhu by H. P. Lovecraft.
In filmmaking, the 1980 cult horror feature Cannibal Holocaust is often claimed to be the first example of found footage. [3] However, Shirley Clarke's arthouse film The Connection (1961) and the Orson Welles directed The Other Side of the Wind , a found footage movie shot in the early 1970s but released in 2018, predate Cannibal Holocaust. [4] America's Deadliest Home Video (1991), remains a potent use of the format as well as an unsung groundbreaker in the found-footage field - an ahead-of-its-time application of the vérité-video form to the horror/crime genre. [5] The device was popularised by The Blair Witch Project (1999). [6] Found footage has since been used in other commercially successful films, including Paranormal Activity (2007), REC (2007), Cloverfield (2008) and Chronicle (2012). [7] Reviewing V/H/S for The A.V. Club , Scott Tobia notes that the genre "has since become to the '00s and '10s what slasher movies were to the '80s." [8]
The genre appeals to film producers because of its lower cost, as it is believed the illusion of amateur documentary style allows lower production values than would be accepted on a conventional film.
Writer-director Christopher B. Landon, who has made several found footage horror films, posits that the genre is likely to extend in the future outside horror. [9]
This section needs additional citations for verification .(February 2023) |
The following entries are notable films in the found footage genre, though some were only partially made in that style.
Title | Release year | Director(s) | Production company | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Connection | 1961 | Shirley Clarke | The Connection Company | |
Coming Apart | 1969 | Milton Moses Ginsberg | Kaleidoscope Films | |
Cannibal Holocaust | 1980 | Ruggero Deodato | F.D. Cinematografica | |
Special Bulletin | 1983 | Edward Zwick | Ohlmeyer Communications Company | |
Guinea Pig: Devil's Experiment | 1985 | Satoru Ogura | Sai Enterprise | |
UFO Abduction | 1989 | Dean Alioto | IndieSyndicate Productions | |
84C MoPic | 1989 | Patrick Sheane Duncan | New Century Vista Film Company | |
America's Deadliest Home Video | 1991 | Jack Perez | Randum Film Group | |
Man Bites Dog | 1993 | Rémy Belvaux André Bonzel Benoît Poelvoorde | Les Artistes Anonymes | |
Forgotten Silver | 1995 | Peter Jackson | WingNut Films | |
Little Sister | 1995 | Robert Jan Westdijk | Grote Broer Filmwerken CV | |
Alien Abduction: Incident in Lake County | 1998 | Dean Alioto | Dick Clark Productions | |
The Last Broadcast | 1998 | Stefan Avalos Lance Weiler | FFM Productions | |
The Blair Witch Project | 1999 | Daniel Myrick Eduardo Sánchez | Haxan Films | |
The St. Francisville Experiment | 2000 | Ted Nicolaou | The Kushner-Locke Company | |
Gang Tapes | 2001 | Adam Ripp | Lionsgate | |
August Underground | 2001 | Fred Vogel | Absu Films Toetag Pictures | |
The Collingswood Story | 2002 | Mike Costanza | Cinerebel Media | |
August Underground's Mordum | 2003 | Fred Vogel Killjoy Cristie Whiles Jerami Cruise Michael T. Schneider | Toetag Pictures | |
The Great American Snuff Film | 2003 | Sean Tretta | Ominous Productions | |
The Last Horror Movie | 2003 | Julian Richards | Prolific Films Snakehair Productions | |
Zero Day | 2003 | Ben Coccio | Professor Bright Films | |
Incident at Loch Ness | 2004 | Zak Penn | Eden Rock Media | |
September Tapes | 2004 | Christian Johnston | Complex Films Raz Productions Raz Entertainment Persistent Entertainment | |
Noroi: The Curse | 2005 | Kōji Shiraishi | Xanadeux Company | |
Alone with Her | 2006 | Eric Nicholas | Pin Hole Productions LLC The Weinstein Company | |
The Zombie Diaries | 2006 | Kevin Gates Michael Bartlett | Off World Films Bleeding Edge Films | |
State's Evidence | 2006 | Benjamin Louis | Terra Entertainment | |
The Hunt | 2007 | Fritz Kiersch | Graymark Productions Azisa Pictures | |
Welcome to the Jungle | 2007 | Jonathan Hensleigh | Steelbridge Film Works Bauer Martinez Studios Valhalla Motion Pictures | |
The Poughkeepsie Tapes | 2007 | John Erick Dowdle | Brothers Dowdle Productions Poughkeepsie Films | |
August Underground's Penance | 2007 | Fred Vogel | Toetag Pictures | |
Redacted | 2007 | Brian De Palma | Magnolia Pictures | |
Long Pigs | 2007 | Chris Power | Clowns After Midnight Productions Jordan Entertainment Chris Bridges Effects Studio | |
Head Case | 2007 | Anthony Spadaccini | Fleet Street Films B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc. | |
Exhibit A | 2007 | Dom Rotheroe | Warp Films | |
Paranormal Activity | 2007 | Oren Peli | Blumhouse Productions | |
Death of a Ghost Hunter | 2007 | Sean Tretta | Ominous Productions | |
Live! | 2007 | Bill Guttentag | Atlas Entertainment | |
Rec | 2007 | Jaume Balagueró Paco Plaza | Castelao Producciones Filmax | |
Look | 2007 | Adam Rifkin | Captured Films | |
Monster | 2008 | Erik Estenberg | The Asylum | |
Cloverfield | 2008 | Matt Reeves | Bad Robot | |
Diary of the Dead | 2008 | George A. Romero | Artfire Films Romero-Grunwald Productions | |
Lake Mungo | 2008 | Joel Anderson | Screen Australia | |
Home Movie | 2008 | Christopher Denham | Modernciné | |
Bryan Loves You | 2008 | Seth Landau | Seth Landau | |
Quarantine | 2008 | John Erick Dowdle | Vertigo Entertainment Andale Pictures Filmax Entertainment | |
No Through Road | 2009 | Steven Chamberlain | [10] [11] | |
Occult | 2009 | Kōji Shiraishi | Image Rings Creative Axa Company Ltd. | |
Evil Things | 2009 | Dominic Perez | Go Show Media | |
District 9 | 2009 | Neill Blomkamp | QED International WingNut Films | |
The Ritual | 2009 | Anthony Spadaccini | Fleet Street Films B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc. | |
Trash Humpers | 2009 | Harmony Korine | Alcove Entertainment Warp Films O' Salvation | |
Rec 2 | 2009 | Jaume Balagueró Paco Plaza | Castelao Producciones Filmax | |
Murder Collection V.1 | 2009 | Fred Vogel | Toetag Pictures | [12] |
Paranormal Entity | 2009 | Shane Van Dyke | The Asylum | |
Bachiatari Bōryoku Ningen | 2010 | Kōji Shiraishi | Creative AXA | |
Lunopolis | 2010 | Matthew Avant | Media Savant | |
Love Sex aur Dhokha | 2010 | Dibakar Banerjee | Freshwater Films | |
Eyes in the Dark | 2010 | Bjorn Anderson | Emerald City Pictures | |
Hotel Hollywood | 2010 | Param Gill | G S Productions | |
Shirome | 2010 | Kōji Shiraishi | Stardust Promotion Shirome Project Partners | |
The Last Exorcism | 2010 | Daniel Stamm | Strike Entertainment StudioCanal Arcade Pictures | |
Undocumented | 2010 | Chris Peckover | Sheperd Glen Productions | |
The Virginity Hit | 2010 | Huck Botko & Andrew Gurland | Gary Sanchez Productions | |
8213: Gacy House | 2010 | Anthony Fankhauser | The Asylum | |
Atrocious | 2010 | Fernando Barreda Luna | Nabu Films Silencio Rodamos Programa Ibermedia | |
Paranormal Activity 2 | 2010 | Tod Williams | Blumhouse Productions | |
Trollhunter | 2010 | André Øvredal | Filmkameratene A/S Film Fund FUZZ | |
Unaware | 2010 | Sean Bardin Robert Cooley | Cooley Productions | |
Paranormal Activity 2: Tokyo Night | 2010 | Toshikazu Nagae | Presidio Corporation | |
Anneliese: The Exorcist Tapes | 2011 | Jude Gerard Prest | The Asylum | |
Doc. 33 | 2011 | Giacomo Gabrielli | Filmart Pictures Giacomo Gabrielli Films | |
The Tunnel | 2011 | Carlo Ledesma | DLSHS Film Distracted Media Zapruder's Other Films | |
Megan Is Missing | 2011 | Michael Goi | Trio Pictures | |
Grave Encounters | 2011 | The Vicious Brothers | Twin Engine Films | |
World of the Dead: The Zombie Diaries | 2011 | Kevin Gates Michael Bartlett | Off World Films Bleeding Edge Films Straightwire Films | |
Hollow | 2011 | Michael Axelgaard | Hollow Pictures Tribeca Film | |
Untitled | 2011 | Shaun Troke | Shaunywa Films | |
Apollo 18 | 2011 | Gonzalo López-Gallego | Bazelevs | |
The Tapes | 2011 | Scott Bates Lee Alliston | Darkside Pictures Pure Film Productions | |
Paranormal Activity 3 | 2011 | Henry Joost Ariel Schulman | Blumhouse | |
The Amityville Haunting | 2011 | Geoff Meed | The Asylum Taut Productions | |
Chō Akunin | 2011 | Kōji Shiraishi | Tokyo Raiders | |
The Devil Inside | 2012 | William Brent Bell | Insurge Pictures | |
V/H/S | 2012 | Ti West Joe Swanberg David Buckner Adam Wingard Glenn McQuaid | Radio Silence Productions The Collective Bloody Disgusting | |
Chronicle | 2012 | Josh Trank | Davis Entertainment | |
Project X | 2012 | Nima Nourizadeh | Silver Pictures Green Hat Films | |
Evidence | 2012 | Howie Askins | RynoRyder Productions | |
Hate Crime | 2012 | James Cullen Bressack | Psykik Junky Pictures | |
Apartment 143 | 2012 | Carles Torrens | Werc Werk Works Kasdan Pictures Likely Story | |
100 Ghost Street: The Return of Richard Speck | 2012 | Martin Anderson | The Asylum | |
The Dinosaur Project | 2012 | Sid Bennett | Moonlighting Films | |
Shopping Tour | 2012 | Michael Brashinsky | Duty-Free Productions | [13] |
A Night in the Woods | 2012 | Richard Parry | Vertigo Films | |
End of Watch | 2012 | David Ayer | StudioCanal | |
The Conspiracy | 2012 | Christopher MacBride | Resolute Films and Entertainment | |
Grave Encounters 2 | 2012 | John Poliquin | Arclight Films | |
Paranormal Activity 4 | 2012 | Henry Joost Ariel Schulman | Room 101 | |
The Bay | 2012 | Barry Levinson | Lionsgate | |
A Haunted House | 2013 | Michael Tiddes | Open Road Films | |
The Upper Footage | 2013 | Justin Cole | ||
Dabbe: Curse of the Jinn | 2013 | Hasan Karacadağ | Hasan Karacadağ | |
Devil's Pass | 2013 | Renny Harlin | Aldamisa Entertainment Non-Stop Productions Midnight Sun Pictures K. Jam Media | |
The Frankenstein Theory | 2013 | Andrew Weiner | Rocket Inner Station Therapy Content Arctic Film Group | |
Cult | 2013 | Kōji Shiraishi | ||
Willow Creek | 2013 | Bobcat Goldthwait | Jerkschool Productions | |
V/H/S/2 | 2013 | Simon Barrett Jason Eisener Gareth Evans Gregg Hale Eduardo Sánchez Timo Tjahjanto Adam Wingard | The Collective Bloody Disgusting 8383 Productions Snoot Entertainment Haxan Films Yer Dead Productions | |
Europa Report | 2013 | Sebastián Cordero | Wayfare Entertainment Ventures | |
The Borderlands | 2013 | Elliot Goldner | Metrodome Distribution | |
The Paranormal Diaries: Clophill | 2013 | Kevin Gates Michael Bartlett | Second Sight Films | |
Head Cases: Serial Killers in the Delaware Valley | 2013 | Anthony Spadaccini | Fleet Street Films B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc. | |
The Dirties | 2013 | Matt Johnson | SModcast Pictures | |
Frankenstein's Army | 2013 | Richard Raaphorst | Dark Sky Films Pellicola XYZ Films | |
Sx Tape | 2013 | Bernard Rose | Aeroplano La.Lune Entertainment | |
Hooked Up | 2013 | Pablo Larcuen | Uncork'd Entertainment | |
WNUF Halloween Special | 2013 | Chris LaMartina James Branscome Shawn Jones Scott Maccubbin Lonnie Martin Matthew Menter Andy Schoeb | Midnight Crew Studios | |
Skinwalker Ranch | 2013 | Devin McGinn Steve Berg | DeepStudios | |
6-5=2 | 2013 | KS Ashoka | Swarnalatha Production | [14] |
Best Night Ever | 2013 | Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer | Magnet Releasing | |
Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones | 2014 | Christopher Landon | Paramount Pictures | |
Devil's Due | 2014 | Matt Bettinelli-Olpin Tyler Gillett | Davis Entertainment Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation | |
Black Water Vampire | 2014 | Evan Tramel | BWV Productions Ruthless Pictures | |
Exists | 2014 | Eduardo Sánchez | Lionsgate Haxan Films Court Five | |
Open Windows | 2014 | Nacho Vigalondo | Antena 3 Films Apaches Entertainment Spiderwood Studios Wild Bunch SpectreVision | |
The Den | 2014 | Zachary Donohue | Cliffbrook Films Onset Films | |
Afflicted | 2014 | Derek Lee Clif Prowse | Automatik Entertainment Téléfilm Canada | |
Babysitting | 2014 | Nicolas Benamou Philippe Lacheau | Axel Films Madame Films Cinéfrance 1888 Good Lap Production | |
A Haunted House 2 | 2014 | Michael Tiddes | IM Global Octane Wayans Bros. Entertainment Baby Way Productions | |
The Sacrament | 2014 | Ti West | Worldview Entertainment Arcade Pictures | |
Alien Abduction | 2014 | Matty Beckerman | Exclusive Media Group Big Picture Next Entertainment Lawrence Bender Productions Mob Scene Creative Productions | |
Inner Demons | 2014 | Seth Grossman | Schorr Pictures | |
Earth to Echo | 2014 | Dave Green | Relativity Media | |
Into the Storm | 2014 | Steven Quale | New Line Cinema Village Roadshow Pictures | |
The Possession of Michael King | 2014 | David Jung | Gold Circle Films Quickfire Films | |
As Above, So Below | 2014 | John Erick Dowdle | Universal Pictures Legendary Pictures | |
The Hunted | 2014 | Josh Stewart | Fortress Features Allegheny Image Factory | |
Gore, Quebec | 2014 | Jean Benoit Lauzon | Green Lake Films | [15] |
The Taking of Deborah Logan | 2014 | Adam Robitel | Eagle Films Millennium Entertainment | |
Hangar 10 | 2014 | Daniel Simpson | Newscope Films | |
V/H/S: Viral | 2014 | Nacho Vigalondo Marcel Sarmiento Gregg Bishop Justin Benson Todd Lincoln | Bloody Disgusting The Collective Haxan Films | |
The Pyramid | 2014 | Grégory Levasseur | Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation | |
The Atticus Institute | 2015 | Chris Sparling | SND Groupe M6 | |
Project Almanac | 2015 | Dean Israelite | Insurge Pictures Platinum Dunes MTV Films | |
Creep | 2015 | Patrick Brice | Blumhouse Productions | |
Nightlight | 2015 | Scott Beck, Bryan Woods | Herrick Entertainment | [16] |
The Final Project | 2015 | Taylor Ri'chard | Cavu Pictures | [17] |
Unfriended | 2015 | Levan Gabriadze | Universal Studios Blumhouse Productions | |
Area 51 | 2015 | Oren Peli | Paramount Pictures | |
The Phoenix Incident | 2015 | Keith Arem | PCB Productions | |
The Cutting Room | 2015 | Warren Dudley | Itchy Fish Film | |
The Gallows | 2015 | Travis Cluff, Chris Lofing | New Line Cinema Blumhouse Productions Management 360 Tremendum Pictures | |
JeruZalem | 2015 | Doron Paz Yoav Paz | Universal Pictures | |
The Visit | 2015 | M. Night Shyamalan | Blinding Edge Pictures Blumhouse Productions Universal Pictures | |
Hell House LLC | 2015 | Stephen Cognetti | Cognetti Films | |
Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension | 2015 | Gregory Plotkin | Paramount Pictures | |
Unlisted Owner | 2016 | Jed Brian | Lawford County Productions | |
Aksbandh | 2016 | Emran Hussain | Cinematic Media | |
Population Zero | 2016 | Adam Levins | A71 Entertainment | |
Operation Avalanche | 2016 | Matt Johnson | Vice Films | |
Blair Witch | 2016 | Adam Wingard | Lionsgate Pictures | |
Be My Cat: A Film for Anne | 2016 | Adrian Țofei | Adrian Țofei | |
The Lost Case | 2017 | Chayan Itthijatuporn | Kantana Group | |
The Dark Tapes | 2017 | Michael McQuown | Epic Pictures Group | |
Phoenix Forgotten | 2017 | Justin Barber | Cinelou Films Scott Free Productions | |
#FromJennifer | 2017 | Frank Merle | Lone Morsel Productions | |
Found Footage 3D | 2017 | Steven DeGennaro | The Ubiquitous Studio 42 | |
Creep 2 | 2017 | Patrick Brice | Blumhouse Productions Netflix | |
One Cut of the Dead | 2017 | Shin'ichirō Ueda | Enbu Seminar | |
Unfriended: Dark Web | 2018 | Stephen Susco | BH Productions Universal Studios | |
Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum | 2018 | Jung Bum-shik | Hive Mediacorp | |
The Devil's Doorway | 2018 | Aislinn Clarke | 23ten | |
The Other Side of the Wind | 2018 | Orson Welles | Royal Road Entertainment | |
Searching | 2018 | Aneesh Chaganty | Bazelevs Company Screen Gems Stage 6 Films | |
Insanity | 2020 | Miska Kajanus | Piilo Productions Black Lion Pictures | [18] |
Hacksaw | 2020 | Anthony Leone | Leone Films | |
Host | 2020 | Rob Savage | Shadowhouse Films Shudder | |
Spree | 2020 | Eugene Kotlyarenko | RLJE Films | |
Scary Stories: Dark Web | 2020 | Bryan Renaud | Random Acts | |
The Widow | 2020 | Ivan Minin | QS Films | |
The Medium | 2021 | Banjong Pisanthanakun | GDH 559 Showbox | |
Vazhiye | 2021 | Nirmal Baby Varghese | Casablanca Film Factory | |
Fresh Hell | 2021 | Ryan Imhoff Matt Neal | Purr Boy Productions | |
V/H/S/94 | 2021 | Jennifer Reeder Chloe Okuno Simon Barrett Timo Tjahjanto Ryan Prows | Radio Silence Productions Bloody Disgusting Films Shudder Original Films Cinepocalypse Productions Studio71 Raven Banner Entertainment | |
Dwellers | 2021 | Drew Fortier | Ellefson Films | |
Paranormal Activity: Next of Kin | 2021 | William Eubank | Paramount Pictures | |
Incantation | 2022 | Kevin Ko | ||
Dashcam | 2022 | Rob Savage | Blumhouse Productions | |
The Outwaters | 2022 | Robbie Banfitch | 5100 Films Fathom Film Company | [19] [20] |
LOLA | 2022 | Andrew Legge | Cowtown Pictures | |
Everybody Dies by the End | 2022 | Ian Tripp Ryan Schafer | Children of Celluoid | |
Deadstream | 2022 | Joseph Hunter | Winterspectre Entertainment Cook Filmworks Stonehaven Entertainment | |
V/H/S/99 | 2022 | Johannes Roberts Vanessa & Joseph Winter Maggie Levin Tyler MacIntyre Flying Lotus | Bloody Disgusting Soapbox Films Cinepocalypse Productions Radio Silence Productions Studio71 Shudder Original Films | |
Blue Hour: The Disappearance of Nick Brandreth | 2023 | Dan Bowhers | Glass House Distribution | |
V/H/S/85 | 2023 | David Bruckner Scott Derrickson Gigi Saul Guerrero Natasha Kermani Mike P. Nelson | Bloody Disgusting Cinepocalypse Productions Radio Silence Productions Studio71 Shudder Original Films | |
Invoking Yell | 2023 | Patricio Valladares | Welcome Villain |
A snuff film, snuff movie or snuff video is a type of film, often explicit, that shows, or purports to show, scenes of actual homicide. The victims are supposedly typically lured to their murders by false pretenses and their murder is filmed and then produced for the goal of a profit or financial gain.
Cannibal Holocaust is a 1980 Italian cannibal film directed by Ruggero Deodato and written by Gianfranco Clerici. It stars Robert Kerman as Harold Monroe, an anthropologist who leads a rescue team into the Amazon rainforest to locate a crew of filmmakers that have gone missing while filming a documentary on local cannibal tribes.
Mondo films are a subgenre of exploitive documentary films. Many mondo films are made in a way to resemble a pseudo-documentary and usually depicting sensational topics, scenes, or situations. Common traits of mondo films include portrayals of foreign cultures, an emphasis on taboo subjects such as death and sex, and staged sequences presented as genuine documentary footage. Over time, the films have placed increasing emphasis on footage of the dead and dying.
Ruggero Deodato was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor.
A pseudo-documentary or fake documentary is a film or video production that takes the form or style of a documentary film but does not portray real events. Rather, scripted and fictional elements are used to tell the story. The pseudo-documentary, unlike the related mockumentary, is not always intended as satire or humor. It may use documentary camera techniques but with fabricated sets, actors, or situations, and it may use digital effects to alter the filmed scene or even create a wholly synthetic scene.
Cloverfield is a 2008 American found footage monster film directed by Matt Reeves, produced by J. J. Abrams, and written by Drew Goddard. It stars Lizzy Caplan, Jessica Lucas, T.J. Miller, Michael Stahl-David, Mike Vogel, and Odette Annable. The plot follows six young New York City residents fleeing from a massive monster and various other smaller creatures that attack the city during a farewell party.
Shaky camera, shaky cam, jerky camera, queasy cam, run-and-gun or free camera is a cinematographic technique where stable-image techniques are purposely dispensed with shaking. It is a hand-held camera, or given the appearance of being hand-held, and in many cases shots are limited to what one photographer could have accomplished with one camera. Shaky cam is often employed to give a film sequence an ad hoc, electronic news-gathering, or documentary film feel. It suggests unprepared, unrehearsed filming of reality, and can provide a sense of dynamics, immersion, instability or nervousness. The technique can be used to give a pseudo-documentary or cinéma vérité appearance to a film.
The Blair Witch Project is a 1999 American supernatural horror film written, directed and edited by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez. It is a fictional story of three student filmmakers—Heather Donahue, Michael C. Williams, and Joshua Leonard—who hike into the Black Hills near Burkittsville, Maryland, in 1994 to film a documentary about a local myth known as the Blair Witch. The three disappear, but their equipment and footage are discovered a year later. The purportedly "found footage" is the movie the viewer sees.
Ghost Adventures is an American paranormal and reality television series that premiered on October 17, 2008, on the Travel Channel before moving to Discovery+ in 2021. An independent film of the same name originally aired on the Sci-Fi Channel on July 25, 2007. The program follows ghost hunters Zak Bagans, Aaron Goodwin, Billy Tolley, and Jay Wasley as they investigate locations that are reported to be haunted.
Paranormal Activity is a 2007 American supernatural horror film produced, written, directed, photographed and edited by Oren Peli. It centers on a young couple who are haunted by a supernatural presence inside their home. They then set up a camera to document what is haunting them. The film uses found-footage conventions that were mirrored in the later films of the series.
Paranormal Activity 3 is a 2011 American found footage supernatural horror film, directed by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman. It is the third installment of the Paranormal Activity series and serves as a prequel, mostly set 18 years prior to the events of the first two films. It was released in theaters on October 21, 2011. Paranormal Activity 3 was also Joost and Schulman's first horror film.
Paranormal Activity 4 is a 2012 American found footage supernatural horror film, directed by Ariel Schulman and Henry Joost and written by Christopher Landon from a story by Chad Feehan. It is the fourth installment in the Paranormal Activity series, and a sequel to Paranormal Activity 2. The film features Katie Featherston, who starred in the first film. It was released by Paramount Pictures in theaters and IMAX on October 17, 2012, in the United Kingdom and on October 19, 2012, in the United States.
Paranormal Activity is an American supernatural horror franchise consisting of seven films and additional media. Created by Oren Peli, the original film premiered in 2007 and was widely released in 2009.
V/H/S is a 2012 American found footage horror anthology film and the first installment in the V/H/S franchise created by Brad Miska and Bloody Disgusting and produced by Miska and Roxanne Benjamin. It features a series of found footage shorts written and directed by Adam Wingard, David Bruckner, Ti West, Glenn McQuaid, Joe Swanberg, and the filmmaking collective Radio Silence.
Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones is a 2014 American found footage supernatural horror film written and directed by Christopher Landon. Released on January 3, 2014, in the United States, it is the fifth installment of the Paranormal Activity film series. It is also Landon's second directorial film, after Burning Palms. Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $90 million worldwide.
Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension is a 2015 American 3D found footage supernatural horror film directed by Gregory Plotkin in his directorial debut, and written by Jason Harry Pagan, Andrew Deutschman, Adam Robitel, and Gavin Heffernan. It is the sixth installment in the Paranormal Activity series. Most of the film takes place after Paranormal Activity 4 (2012), though the plot ties in heavily with the events of Paranormal Activity 3 (2011). It is the first installment not to star Katie Featherston as Katie, but she is referred to often. Most of the film involves the young 1988 Katie from the third film.
Screenlife or computer screen film is a form of visual storytelling in which events are shown entirely on a computer, tablet or smartphone screen. It became popular in the 2010s owing to the growing impact of the Internet and mobile devices.
Analog horror is a subgenre of horror fiction and an offshoot of the found footage film genre, said to have originated online during the late 2000s and early 2010s with web series such as No Through Road, Local 58, Gemini Home Entertainment, and Marble Hornets.
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