Gamma Doradus variable

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Gamma Doradus variables are variable stars which display variations in luminosity due to non-radial pulsations of their surface. The stars are typically young, early F or late A type main sequence stars, and typical brightness fluctuations are 0.1 magnitudes with periods on the order of one day. This class of variable stars is relatively new, having been first characterized in the second half of the 1990s, and details on the underlying physical cause of the variations remains under investigation.

A light curve for Gamma Doradus, the class prototype, plotted from TESS data GammaDorLightCurve.png
A light curve for Gamma Doradus, the class prototype, plotted from TESS data

The star 9 Aurigae was first noticed to be variable in 1990. However, none of the currently-accepted explanations were adequate: it pulsated too slowly and was outside of the Delta Scuti instability strip, and there was no evidence for any eclipsing material, although Gamma Doradus and HD 96008 were noted to be similar. [2] These three stars, as well as HD 224638, were soon hypothesized to belong to a new class of variable stars in which variability was produced by g-mode pulsations rather than the p-mode pulsations of Delta Scuti variables. [3] HD 224945 and HD 164615 were noticed to be similar as well, while HD 96008 was ruled out on the basis of its more regular period. [4] Eclipses and starspots were soon ruled out as the cause of the Gamma Doradus' variability, [5] and the variability of 9 Aurigae was confirmed to be caused by g-mode pulsations a year later, thus confirming the stars as the prototypes of a new class of variable stars. [6] Over ten more candidates were quickly found, [7] and the discoverers dubbed the group the Gamma Doradus stars, after the brightest member and the first member found to be variable. [8]

List

Designation (name) [9] ConstellationDiscoveryMaximum Apparent magnitude (mV) [10] Minimum Apparent magnitude (mV) [10] Period (days) [9] Spectral classComment
HD 8801 A
(V529 And)		 Andromeda Henry & Fekel (2005) [11] 6m.48
(Hipparcos)		6m.51
(Hipparcos)		0.40331A7VmFirst discovered hybrid Gamma Doradus/Delta Scuti variable [11]
V872 Ara [12] Ara Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 6m.37
(Hipparcos)		6m.39
(Hipparcos)		0.4266A9V
9 Aur A Auriga Krisciunas (1993) [3] 4m.935m.501.2582F2VOne of the original stars classified [6]
17 CVn Canes Venatici Henry et al. (2011) [9] 5m.910.8862F0:V Spectroscopic binary; unclear which component is variable
HD 108100
(DD CVn)		 Canes Venatici Breger et al. (1996) [13] 7m.150.7541F2V
V350 CMa A Canis Major Eyer & Aerts (2000) [14] 6m.186m.270.7750
10.959		F2VHas two distinct periods
V1026 Cen [12] Centaurus Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 9m.33
(Hipparcos)		9m.38
(Hipparcos)		1.1857A3:m
HD 17163 Cetus Henry et al. (2011) [9] 6m.040.42351F1V
HD 14940 [12]
(EP Cet)		 Cetus Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 6m.746m.770.5004F0IV/V
43 Cyg Cygnus Henry et al. (2005) [15] 5m.75
(Hipparcos)		5m.84
(Hipparcos)		0.79955F0V
γ Dor Dorado Krisciunas (1993) [3] 4m.234m.270.7570F1VOne of the original stars classified [6]
8 Dra Draco Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 5m.26
(Hipparcos)		5m.34
(Hipparcos)		0.42450F1VmA7(n)
DI Gru [12] Grus Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 8m.688m.760.8668F3IV
V1325 Her Hercules Kaye et al. (1998) [16] 6m.380.4210F0V
80 Leo Leo Henry & Fekel (2002) [17] 6m.346m.370.45286F3IV
HD 40745
(AC Lep)		 Lepus Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 6m.28
(Hipparcos)		6m.30
(Hipparcos)		0.82427F2IV
HD 69682 Lynx Henry et al. (2011) [9] 6m.500.53189A9V
DO Lyn Lynx Kaye et al. (1999) [18] 7m.170.62447F0V
HD 50747 [19] Monoceros Dolez et al. (2009) [19] 5m.454.865
0.956		A4IVTriple star; unknown which component is variable
HD 49434 Monoceros Bruntt et al. (2002) [20] 5m.750.57644F1VHybrid Gamma Doradus/Delta Scuti variable [21]
HD 41547 A Monoceros Henry et al. (2007) [22] 5m.870.81123F4V
α Oph [23]
(Rasalhague)		 Ophiuchus Monnier et al. (2010) [23] 2m.080.5850A5IVHybrid Gamma Doradus/Delta Scuti variable
73 Oph A Ophiuchus Fekel & Henry (2003) [24] 6m.11 (B)0.61439F0V+G1V
HD 164615
(V2118 Oph)		 Ophiuchus Mantegazza et al. (1994) [4] 7m.027m.090.8117F2IVOne of the original stars classified
V2502 Oph Ophiuchus Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 6m.576m.671.307F2V
HD 38309 Aa Orion Henry et al. (2011) [9] 6m.090.37703F0III:n
NZ Peg Pegasus Henry et al. (2001) [25] 5m.83
(Hipparcos)		5m.86
(Hipparcos)		0.41113F2V
HR 8799
(V342 Peg)		 Pegasus Rodriguez & Zerbi (1995) [26] 6m.00
(Hipparcos)		6m.06
(Hipparcos)		0.5053A5V Lambda Boötis star and Vega-like star [27]
V372 Peg Pegasus Kaye et al. (1998) [16] 6m.53 (B)2.594821F3V
39 Peg Pegasus Henry et al. (2005) [15] 6m.436m.530.75574F1V
HD 224638
(BT Psc)		 Pisces Krisciunas (1993) [3] 7m.8 (B)1.2323F0VOne of the original stars classified [6]
HD 224945
(BU Psc)		 Pisces Mantegazza et al. (1994) [4] 6m.930.5432A9VOne of the original stars classified [6]
QW Pup Puppis Poretti et al. (1997) [28] 4m.474m.500.9584F0IV/V
ι TrA A Triangulum Australe Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 5m.30
(Hipparcos)		5m.42
(Hipparcos)		1.4556F4IV
EE Tuc [12] Tucana Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 6m.72
(Hipparcos)		6m.82
(Hipparcos)		0.6935F2IV
V349 Tel [12] Telescopium Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 7m.60
(Hipparcos)		7m.73
(Hipparcos)		0.6953F0V
KO UMa Ursa Major Kaye et al. (1999) [18] 7m.180.7691F2V
UY UMi [12] Ursa Minor Aerts et al. (1998) [12] 6m.30
(Hipparcos)		6m.38
(Hipparcos)		0.7237F2V
VX UMi Ursa Minor Henry et al. (2001) [25] 6m.48 (B)0.34510A9V
ε1 Lyr B Lyrae Peretto I., Lora S., Peretto G., Furlato G., Barbieri M. - MarSEC (2022) [29] 6m.00 V (0.032) TESS0.415F0V

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta Scuti variable</span> Subclass of young pulsating star

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta Aquilae</span> Binary star system in the constellation Aquila

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">9 Aurigae</span> Multiple star system in the constellation Auriga

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">59 Aurigae</span> Star in the constellation Auriga

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Instability strip</span> Region of an astronomical diagram

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 182475</span> Star in the constellation Aquila

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 149989</span> Star in the constellation Ara

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">V352 Aurigae</span> Star in the constellation Auriga

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamma Doradus</span> Star in the constellation Dorado

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamma Equulei</span> Chemically peculiar A-type main sequence star in the constellation Equuleus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamma Coronae Borealis</span> Star in the constellation Corona Borealis

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">V529 Andromedae</span> Star in the constellation Andromeda

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HD 83446 is a probable astrometric binary star system in the constellation Vela. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.34. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 30.5 mas, it is located 107.1 light years from the Sun. The system is moving further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +18 km/s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CC Andromedae</span> Star in the constellation Andromeda

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">FG Virginis</span> Variable star in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">RR Lyncis</span> Variable star in the constellation Lynx

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">VZ Cancri</span> Variable star in the constellation Cancer

VZ Cancri is a variable star in the constellation Cancer, abbreviated VZ Cnc. It varies in brightness with a period of 0.178364 days, from an apparent visual magnitude of 7.18 down to 7.91, which lies below the typical threshold of visibility for the naked eye. The distance to this star is approximately 724 light years based on parallax measurements, and it is receding from the Sun with a radial velocity of 25 km/s.

References

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  2. ↑ Krisciunas, K.; Aspin, C.; Geballe, T. R.; Akazawa, H.; Claver, C. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Landis, H. J.; Luedeke, K. D.; Ohkura, N.; Ohshima, O.; Skillman, D. R. (1993). "The 9-AURIGAE System". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 263 (3): 781. arXiv: astro-ph/9304008 . Bibcode:1993MNRAS.263..781K. doi:10.1093/mnras/263.3.781.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Krisciunas, K. (1993). "A new class of pulsating stars". American Astronomical Society. 183: #84.02. Bibcode:1993AAS...183.8402K.
  4. 1 2 3 Mantegazza, L.; Poretti, E.; Zerbi, F. M. (1994). "Unusual Variability among Early F-Type Stars - HD224638 and HD224945". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 270 (2): 439. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.270..439M. doi:10.1093/mnras/270.2.439.
  5. ↑ Balona, L. A.; Krisciunas, K.; Cousins, A. W. J. (1994). "Gamma-Doradus - Evidence for a New Class of Pulsating Star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 270 (4): 905. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.270..905B. doi: 10.1093/mnras/270.4.905 .
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Krisciunas, K.; Griffin, R. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Luedeke, K. D.; McCook, G. P. (1995). "9 Aurigae: Strong evidence for non-radial pulsations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 273 (3): 662. arXiv: astro-ph/9407094 . Bibcode:1995MNRAS.273..662K. doi:10.1093/mnras/273.3.662.
  7. ↑ Krisciunas, K.; Handler, G. (1995). "A List of Variable Stars Similar to gamma Dor". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 4195: 1. Bibcode:1995IBVS.4195....1K.
  8. ↑ Krisciunas, K. (1995). "What is known and not known about Gamma Doradus stars". Delta Scuti Star Newsletter. 9: 17. Bibcode:1995DSSN....9...17K.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Stephen M. (2011). "A VOLUME-LIMITED PHOTOMETRIC SURVEY OF 114 γ DORADUS CANDIDATES". The Astronomical Journal. 142 (2): 39. arXiv: 1105.4161 . Bibcode:2011AJ....142...39H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/2/39.
  10. 1 2 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1: 02025. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  11. 1 2 Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C. (2005). "HD 8801: A Unique Single Am Star with γ Doradus and δ Scuti Pulsations". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (4): 2026–2033. Bibcode:2005AJ....129.2026H. doi: 10.1086/428373 .
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Aerts, C.; Eyer, L.; Kestens, E. (1998). "The discovery of new gamma Doradus stars from the HIPPARCOS mission". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 337: 790. Bibcode:1998A&A...337..790A.
  13. ↑ Breger, M.; Handler, G.; Garrido, R.; Audard, N.; Beichbuchner, F.; Zima, W.; Paparo, M.; Li, Z.; Jiang, S.; Liu, Z.; Zhou, A.; Pikall, H.; Stankov, A.; Guzik, J. A.; Sperl, M.; Krzesinski, J.; Ogloza, W.; Pajdosz, G.; Zola, S.; Serkowitsch, E.; Reegen, P.; Rumpf, T.; Schmalwieser, A. (1996). "A new Gamma Doradus star, HD 108100". Delta Scuti Star Newsletter. 10: 24. Bibcode:1996DSSN...10...24B.
  14. ↑ Eyer, L.; Aerts, C. (2000). "A search for new gamma Doradus stars in the Geneva photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 361: 201. arXiv: astro-ph/0011061 . Bibcode:2000A&A...361..201E.
  15. 1 2 Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Stephen M. (2005). "Eleven New γ Doradus Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (6): 2815–2830. Bibcode:2005AJ....129.2815H. doi: 10.1086/429876 .
  16. 1 2 Kaye, A. B.; Bagnuolo, W. G.; Hall, D. S.; Henry, G. W. (1998). "Recent Periodic Variations in Three Gamma Doradus Variables". In Bradley, P. A.; Guzik, J. A. (eds.). A Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretation: A Tribute to Arthur N. Cox. Conference held in Los Alamos, NM 16-20 June 1997. ASP Conference Series. Vol. 135. pp. 497–501. Bibcode:1998ASPC..135..497K.
  17. ↑ Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C. (2002). "Six New γ Doradus Stars". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 114 (799): 988–998. Bibcode:2002PASP..114..988H. doi:10.1086/341785.
  18. 1 2 Kaye, Anthony B.; Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Gray, Richard O.; Rodríguez, Eloy; Martín, Susana; Gies, Douglas R.; Bagnuolo, William G.; Hall, Douglas S. (1999). "HD 62454 and HD 68192: Two New γ Doradus Variables". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (6): 2997–3005. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2997K. doi: 10.1086/301136 .
  19. 1 2 Dolez, N.; Vauclair, S.; Michel, E.; Hui-Bon-Hoa, A.; Vauclair, G.; Le Contel, D.; Mathias, P.; Poretti, E.; Amado, P. J.; Rainer, M.; Samadi, R.; Baglin, A.; Catala, C.; Auvergne, M.; Uytterhoeven, K.; Valtier, J.-C. (2009). "HD 51106 and HD 50747: an ellipsoidal binary and a triple system observed with CoRoT". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 506 (1): 159–165. arXiv: 0909.5135 . Bibcode:2009A&A...506..159D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911903.
  20. ↑ Bruntt, H.; Catala, C.; Garrido, R.; Rodríguez, E.; Stütz, C.; Knoglinger, P.; Mittermayer, P.; Bouret, J. C.; Hua, T.; Lignières, F.; Charpinet, S.; Van't Veer-Menneret, C.; Ballereau, D. (2002). "Abundance analysis of targets for the COROT/MONS asteroseismology missions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 389 (1): 345–354. arXiv: astro-ph/0203305 . Bibcode:2002A&A...389..345B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020549.
  21. ↑ Uytterhoeven, K.; Mathias, P.; Poretti, E.; Rainer, M.; Martín-Ruiz, S.; Rodríguez, E.; Amado, P. J.; Le Contel, D.; Jankov, S.; Niemczura, E.; Pollard, K. R.; Brunsden, E.; Paparó, M.; Costa, V.; Valtier, J.-C.; Garrido, R.; Suárez, J. C.; Kilmartin, P. M.; Chapellier, E.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Marin, A. J.; Aceituno, F. J.; Casanova, V.; Rolland, A.; Olivares, I. (2008). "The γ Doradus CoRoT target HD 49434". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 489 (3): 1213–1224. arXiv: 0807.0904 . Bibcode:2008A&A...489.1213U. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809992.
  22. ↑ Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Stephen M. (2007). "Photometry and Spectroscopy of 11 γ Doradus Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 133 (4): 1421–1440. Bibcode:2007AJ....133.1421H. doi: 10.1086/511820 .
  23. 1 2 Monnier, J. D.; Townsend, R. H. D.; Che, X.; Zhao, M.; Kallinger, T.; Matthews, J.; Moffat, A. F. J. (2010). "ROTATIONALLY MODULATEDg-MODES IN THE RAPIDLY ROTATING δ SCUTI STAR RASALHAGUE (α OPHIUCHI)". The Astrophysical Journal. 725 (1): 1192. arXiv: 1012.0787 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...725.1192M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1192. ISSN   0004-637X.
  24. ↑ Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Gregory W. (2003). "The Orbit and Pulsation Periods of the γ Doradus Variable HR 6844 (V2502 Ophiuchi)". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (4): 2156–2162. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.2156F. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.8.4250 . doi:10.1086/368121.
  25. 1 2 Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Kaye, Anthony B.; Kaul, Ann (2001). "10 New γ Doradus and δ Scuti Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 3383–3395. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3383H. doi: 10.1086/324228 .
  26. ↑ Rodriguez, E.; Zerbi, F. M. (1995). "A long period early F-type variable: HR8799". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 4170: 1. Bibcode:1995IBVS.4170....1R.
  27. ↑ Gray, Richard O.; Kaye, Anthony B. (1999). "HR 8799: A Link between γ Doradus Variables and λ Bootis Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (6): 2993–2996. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2993G. doi: 10.1086/301134 .
  28. ↑ Poretti, E.; Koen, C.; Martinez, P.; Breuer, F.; Haupt, H.; De Alwis, D. (1997). "Discovery and analysis of Gamma Doradus type pulsations in the F0 IV star HR 2740=QW PUP". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 292 (3): 621. Bibcode:1997MNRAS.292..621P. doi: 10.1093/mnras/292.3.621 .
  29. ↑ Peretto I., Lora S., Peretto G., Furlato G., Barbieri M. - MarSEC (2022) - https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=2227434
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