| Gastropila | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Gastropila fumosa | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Agaricaceae |
| Genus: | Gastropila Homrich & J.E.Wright (1973) |
| Type species | |
| Gastropila fragilis (Lév.) Homrich & J.E.Wright (1973) | |
| Species | |
Gastropila is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus, described in 1973, [1] contains four puffball-like species distributed in the Americas. [2]
Lepiota is a genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae. All Lepiota species are ground-dwelling saprotrophs with a preference for rich, calcareous soils. Basidiocarps are agaricoid with whitish spores, typically with scaly caps and a ring on the stipe. Around 400 species of Lepiota are currently recognized worldwide. Many species are poisonous, some lethally so.
The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus Agaricus, as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae.
Coprinus is a small genus of mushroom-forming fungi consisting of Coprinus comatus—the shaggy ink cap (British) or shaggy mane (American)—and several of its close relatives. Until 2001, Coprinus was a large genus consisting of all agaric species in which the lamellae autodigested to release their spores. The black ink-like liquid this creates gave these species their common name "ink cap" (British) or "inky cap" (American).
The Psathyrellaceae are a family of dark-spored agarics that generally have rather soft, fragile fruiting bodies, and are characterized by black, dark brown, rarely reddish, or even pastel-colored spore prints. About 50% of species produce fruiting bodies that dissolve into ink-like ooze when the spores are mature via autodigestion. Prior to phylogenetic research based upon DNA comparisons, most of the species that autodigested were classified as Coprinaceae, which contained all of the inky-cap mushrooms. However, the type species of Coprinus, Coprinus comatus, and a few other species, were found to be more closely related to Agaricaceae. The former genus Coprinus was split between two families, and the name "Coprinaceae" became a synonym of Agaricaceae in its 21st-century phylogenetic redefinition. Note that in the 19th and early 20th centuries the family name Agaricaceae had far broader application, while in the late 20th century it had a narrower application. The family name Psathyrellaceae is based on the former Coprinaceae subfamily name Psathyrelloideae. The type genus Psathyrella consists of species that produce fruiting bodies which do not liquify via autodigestion. Psathyrella remained a polyphyletic genus until it was split into several genera including 3 new ones in 2015. Lacrymaria is another genus that does not autodigest its fruiting bodies. It is characterized by rough basidiospores and lamellar edges that exude beads of clear liquid when in prime condition, hence the Latin reference, lacryma (tears).
Bovistella is a genus of puffball fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Andrew Price Morgan in 1892.
Chlamydopus is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. It was circumscribed by Carlos Luigi Spegazzini in 1898.
Cystodermella is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus comprises about 12 species, noted for producing agaric fruit bodies, bearing a cap, white gills and stipe with a fine, ephemeral ring. The genus was devised by Harri Harmaja in 2002, dividing the older genus Cystoderma into three independent genera: Cystoderma, Ripartitella and Cystodermella largely on the basis of microscopic differences. Cystodermella species bear non-amyloid spores and sometimes cystidia. The spores, in contrast to Ripartitella are not echinulate.
Endoptychum is a genus of secotioid fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Like the majority of secotioid taxa, the individual species of Endoptychum are thought to be recent mutations from agaricoid species, hence, Endoptychum is likely not a valid monophyletic genus.
Holocotylon is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. It was circumscribed by American mycologist Curtis Gates Lloyd in 1906 with H. brandegeeanum as the type species.
Leucoagaricus is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Agaricaceae. As of March 2023 there are over 200 accepted species of Leucoagaricus with ongoing research into the genus adding several more each year. Leucocoprinus is a similar genus and considered by some sources to be indistinct from Leucoagaricus based on genetic data that demonstrates they are monophyletic. Species are separated into these genera based on macroscopic features such as cap striations in Leucocoprinus or the more persistent basidiocarps (mushrooms) of Leucoagaricus as well as microscopic features such as the lack of a germ pore in Leucoagaricus species. As a result of the similarities and disagreement on taxonomy, many of the species within these genera have formerly been classified in the other and may still be known by previous classifications. For instance the species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is cultivated by fungus-growing ants but was formerly known as Leucocoprinus gongylophorus whilst other species cultivated by the lesser attine ants are still classified as undescribed Leucocoprinus species.
Melanophyllum is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The widespread genus contains four species.
Neosecotium is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1960 by American mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith. The type species, N. macrosporum, previously only known from the US, was recorded in Mexico in 2012.
Panaeolopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains four species. Panaeolopsis was circumscribed by Rolf Singer in 1969 with P. sanmartiniana as the type species.
Phlebonema is a fungal genus in the family Agaricaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Phlebonema chrysotingens, described by Roger Heim in 1929 from Madagascar. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, the placement of this little-known genus in the Agaricaceae is uncertain.
Rugosospora is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus contains two species: R. ochraceobadia, found in Africa, and R. pseudorubiginosa, found in Colombia and Mexico. These species have fruit bodies (mushrooms) with free gills, a white spore print, and a ring on the stipe. Rugosospora was circumscribed by Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann in 1973.
Smithiogaster is a fungal genus in the family Agaricaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single gasteroid species Smithiogaster volvoagaricus. Smithiogaster was circumscribed by J.E.Wright in 1975.
Smithiomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. It was circumscribed by Rolf Singer in 1944. The type species, S. mexicanus, was formerly placed in Amanita, as well as the now obsolete genera Leucomyces and Venenarius. The genus was named to honor American mycologist Alexander H. Smith.
Gastropila fumosa is a species of puffball in the family Agaricaceae. It was first described as Calvatia fumosa by American mycologist Sanford Myron Zeller in 1947, and later transferred to Gastropila in 1976. Some authors place it instead in the genus Handkea, circumscribed by Hanns Kreisel in 1989.
Morganella is a genus of puffball fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus name honors American botanist Andrew Price Morgan (1836–1907). The widely distributed genus is prevalent in tropical areas. A 2008 estimate placed nine species in Morganella, but several new species have since been described.
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