HMS Bermuda (52)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Bermuda.

Bermuda in 1942
History
United Kingdom
Name	Bermuda
Namesake	Bermuda
Builder	John Brown & Company, Clydebank
Yard number	568
Laid down	30 November 1939
Launched	11 September 1941
Commissioned	21 August 1942
Decommissioned	1962
Identification	Pennant number 52
Fate	Scrapped, 26 August 1965
General characteristics (as built)
Class and type	Fiji-class light cruiser
Displacement	8,631 long tons (8,770  t) (standard)
Length	555 ft 6 in (169.3 m)
Beam	62 ft (18.9 m)
Draught	19 ft 10 in (6 m)
Installed power	4 Admiralty 3-drum boilers 80,000  shp (60,000  kW)
Propulsion	4 shafts; 4 geared steam turbine sets
Speed	32.25 knots (59.73 km/h; 37.11 mph)
Range	6,250  nmi (11,580 km; 7,190 mi) at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Complement	733 (peacetime), 900 (wartime)
Armament	4 × triple 6 in (152 mm) guns 4 × twin 4 in (102 mm) DP guns 2 × quadruple 2-pdr (40 mm (1.6 in)) AA guns 10 × single 20 mm (0.8 in) Oerlikon AA guns 2 × triple 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
Armour	Engine and boiler rooms: 3.25 in (83 mm) Decks: 2–3.5 in (51–89 mm) Magazines: 2–3.5 in (51–89 mm) Gun turrets: 1–2 in (25–51 mm)
Aircraft carried	2 × seaplanes
Aviation facilities	1 × catapult, 2 × hangars

HMS Bermuda (pennant number 52, later C52) was a Fiji-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was completed during World War II and served in that conflict. She was named for the British territory of Bermuda, and was the eighth vessel of that name.

Bermuda was built by John Brown & Company of Clydebank and launched on 11 September 1941. In the same year, the lead ship of the class, Fiji, was sunk while participating in the evacuation of Crete.

War service

A Supermarine Walrus amphibian airplane being launched from the catapult deck of Bermuda. The aircraft has just left the catapult.

Through 1942, Bermuda participated in the North Africa campaign, including Operation Torch, as part of the 10th Cruiser Squadron. With the cruiser Sheffield, she was detached from Force H to attack a small coastal fort, where both came under attack from Italian torpedo bombers. She covered the landing at Bougie and managed to escape heavy air attacks unscathed. Bermuda then returned to service in the Atlantic to escort ships in the Bay of Biscay, and in June 1943, she transported men and supplies to Spitsbergen. She then participated in anti-submarine operations against German U-boats operating in the Bay of Biscay, and the North Atlantic. After more service in the Arctic, she returned to Glasgow in June 1944 for a refit.

The refit removed her 'X' turret and in May 1945 she was then dispatched to the Pacific as the war in Europe was ending. She arrived in Fremantle on 1 July to take on fuel and stores, before continuing on to Sydney, where she arrived on 7 July. There she undertook exercises with other Royal Navy ships serving in the Far East, including the battleship Anson. Whilst in Sydney, news reached them of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the subsequent surrender of Japan. Bermuda then sailed for the Philippines, arriving on 23 August. She then became part of an operation to recover allied prisoners of war from the previously occupied Japanese territories.

On 6 September Bermuda was attacked by Japanese aircraft,^{[ citation needed ]} apparently unaware of the end of the war, or otherwise unwilling to surrender. Bermuda fought off the attack and was able to continue on her way. She then transported allied prisoners of war to Shanghai for repatriation.

Post war

Bermuda operating with the US aircraft carrier USS Essex in the North Atlantic, 1961

Bermuda remained in the Far East as the flagship of the 5th Cruiser Squadron, until 1947, when she returned to the UK for a refit at Chatham Dockyard. She was then placed in reserve. In 1950 she was restored to active service, and served in the South Atlantic as the flagship of the Commander in Chief, South Atlantic Station until 1953. Vice Admiral Peveril William-Powlett was Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic from 1952–1954. She then served with the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1953, she and her sister Gambia brought aid to the Greek island of Zakynthos when it was struck by the Ionian earthquake. Greek officials would later comment, "we Greeks have a long-standing tradition with the Royal Navy and it lived up to every expectation in its infallible tradition of always being the first to help" ^[1]

In 1956 Bermuda was paid-off and towed up to Palmer's at Hebburn on Tyne to undergo a long refit. She was updated largely on the same pattern as HMS Gambia with an enclosed bridge, and US supplied Mk 63 directors for the 4 inch twin gun mounts, ^[2] but appears to have maintained simple tacymetric fire control for new Twin Mk 5 40mm mounts, which were repositioned for better arcs of fire. She returned to service, and spent the next few years in exercises with other NATO navies, or other Royal Navy units. In April 1958, she left Malta to assist in the reinforcement of Cyprus during a period of civil unrest. ^[3] Bermuda attended the Ceremony of independence of Nigeria on 1 October 1960, before joining the Mediterranean Fleet, relieving the cruiser Tiger. ^[4]

Bermuda was decommissioned in 1962, after 21 years in service. She was scrapped by Thos. W. Ward, Briton Ferry, Wales starting on 26 August 1965. The ship's bell now hangs in the Royal Naval Association Club in West Bromwich, a British town which had adopted Bermuda in 1942. ^[5]

Bermuda

HMS Bermuda made several visits to her namesake, where she was presented with a number of silver objects, including a large bell — which was occasionally used as a font for Holy Water in the baptism of children of the crew — and four bugles. Two of the bugles later found their way to the Bermuda Regiment. Apart from the bell and the bugles, which were collected together by the Bermuda Maritime Museum at the former Bermuda Dockyard, the other items went missing following the ship's decommissioning.^{[ citation needed ]}

Notes

1. "Navy News". Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2007.
2. Friedman, p. 287
3. Roberts J (2009) Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy, Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley UK, 352pp ISBN   978-1-84832-043-7
4. "H.M.S. Bermuda was present at the birth of a nation". Navy News . January 1961. p. 6. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
5. http://www.hmsgangestoterror.org/hms-bermuda-1939-65-intro.htm ^{[ dead link ]}

References

• Brown, D. K. & Moore, George (2003). Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design Since 1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-59114-705-0.
• Campbell, N.J.M. (1980). "Great Britain". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 2–85. ISBN   0-8317-0303-2.
• Colledge, J. J.; Wardlow, Ben & Bush, Steve (2020). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present (5th ed.). Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-5267-9327-0.
• Friedman, Norman (2010). British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-59114-078-8.
• Murfin, David (2010). "AA to AA: The Fijis Turn Full Circle". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2010. Naval Institute Press. ISBN   978-1-84486-110-1.
• Raven, Alan & Roberts, John (1980). British Cruisers of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   0-87021-922-7.
• Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   1-59114-119-2.
• Whitley, M. J. (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell. ISBN   1-86019-874-0.

External links

• WWII cruisers
• HMS Bermuda at Uboat.net
• HMS Bermuda – A comprehensive story of the Bermuda, including personal stories and photographs
• HMS Bermuda (Clydebuilt Ships Database)
• Last pictures of HMS Bermuda at Thos. W. Ward's breakers yard Briton ferry Neath 1960s. Her masts have been removed to enable her under the Briton Ferry river bridge and her final leg to the wharf. Can be found at the following link. HMS BERMUDA C52