HMS Egret (L75)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Egret.

Egret
History
United Kingdom
Name	Egret
Builder	J. Samuel White of Cowes, Isle of Wight
Laid down	21 September 1937
Launched	31 May 1938
Identification	Pennant number: L75
Fate	Sunk 27 August 1943
General characteristics [1]
Class and type	Egret-class sloop
Displacement	1,200 tons
Length	276 ft (84 m)
Propulsion	Geared steam turbines on two shafts 3,600  shp (2,700 kW)
Speed	19.25 knots (35.65 km/h; 22.15 mph)
Complement	188
Armament	8 × 4-inch (102 mm) (4 × 2) 4 × 0.5-inch (13 mm) (1 × 4)

HMS Egret was a sloop of the British Royal Navy, the lead ship of her class. She was built by J. Samuel White at Cowes, Isle of Wight, was launched on 31 May 1938, and entered service on 11 November that year. Egret served as a convoy escort with the Western Approaches Command from 1940 until her loss in August 1943: She was on anti-submarine patrol in the Bay of Biscay when she was sunk by a guided missile in combat, the first ship to be lost in this manner.

Construction

On 5 March 1937, the British Admiralty ordered two sloops-of-war of a new class, Egret and Auckland as part of the 1936 construction programme. ^{[2] [lower-alpha 1]} Egret was laid down at J. Samuel White's Cowes, Isle of Wight shipyard on 21 September 1937. The ship was launched on 31 May 1938 and completed on 10 November 1938. ^[3]

Service history

At the outbreak of the Second World War Egret was at Laurenco Marques in East Africa. She was briefly employed in hunting for raiders in the Indian Ocean before returning to the UK via Suez and Gibraltar. In 1940 Egret was based at Rosyth employed as escort to east coast convoys in the North Sea, and remained at this duty during the Norway campaign. In December transferred to Western Approaches Command, and was based at Londonderry for escort duty for SL/OS convoys to and from Freetown, in West Africa.

In June 1941 Egret was in dock for a refit before returning to escort duty

In January 1942, she was escorting SL 97 when it came under attack by German aircraft and a group of U-boats. The convoy was reinforced by the Gibraltar Strike Force, an ASW support group, and U-93 was destroyed with no loss to the convoy. ^[4]

In October Egret took part in Operation Torch, the Allied landings in French North Africa.

In December she was escorting convoy MKF 4 from Gibraltar when they intercepted the blockade runner Germania, which was scuttled by her crew to avoid capture. ^[5]

In 1943 Egret remained on escort duty protecting convoys to and from North Africa; in August 1943, while escorting MKF 20 from Gibraltar, Egret and her escort group were detailed to relieve 40 EG which was operating against U-boats traversing the Bay of Biscay.

Fate

The British Bay offensive in the summer of 1943 saw aircraft from RAF Coastal Command patrolling the Bay of Biscay and attacking U-boats as they travelled to and from their bases in occupied France. A mistaken decision on the part of U-boat commander, Adm. Karl Dönitz, had led to U-boats resisting air attack by remaining on the surface and fighting back with anti-aircraft weapons, rather than diving to safety underwater, a policy which led to the loss of a number of boats. An escalation of the campaign had seen German and British long-range fighters, and then RN escort groups joining the fray. In mid-August 1943 40 EG was on station and came under air attack; on 25 August 1943 the Germans had used their Henschel Hs 293 glide bomb for the first time, against the ships of 40 EG in the Bay of Biscay. Landguard was slightly damaged by a near miss. ^[6] Bideford was hit and damaged, with one sailor killed, though more serious damage was avoided because the bomb's explosive charge did not fully detonate. ^[6]

On 27 August 1943 the 40th Support Group was relieved by the 1st Support Group, consisting of Egret together with the sloop Pelican and the frigates Jed, Rother, Spey and Evenlode. The group was attacked by a squadron of 18 Dornier Do 217 carrying Henschel glide bombs. One of the two covering destroyers, HMCS Athabaskan, was heavily damaged and Egret was sunk with the loss of 194 of her crew. ^{[7] [8] [9]} At the time there were four RAF Y-Service electronics specialists on board, all of whom also died in the attack, thus bringing the total killed to 198. (These four RAF personnel are typically excluded from published casualty figures.) Egret had been fitted with electronic surveillance equipment designed to monitor Luftwaffe bomber communications and these Y-Service technicians were aboard to operate this equipment. The other destroyer, Grenville, commanded by Roger Hill, was attacked by the Dorniers firing one missile at a time, but survived by being able to out-turn the glide bombs. ^[10]

Egret's sinking led to the anti-U-boat patrols in the Bay of Biscay being suspended. ^[11]

HMS Egret was the first ship ever to be sunk by a guided missile. ^[6]

See also

• List of ships sunk by missiles

Notes

1. The third ship of the class, Pelican, was ordered on 19 March 1937. ^[2]

1. Campbell, p. 57
2. Hague 1993 , p. 6
3. Hague 1993 , p. 67
4. Blair 1996, p488.
5. Blair 1998, p126.
6. Ford, Roger (2013). Germany's Secret Weapons of World War II. London, United Kingdom: Amber Books. p. 224. ISBN   9781909160569.
7. HMS Egret (L 75 / U 75)
8. Blair 1998, p405.
9. Roskill 1960, p30.
10. Hill, Roger (1975). Destroyer Captain. Periscope. pp. 116–121. ISBN   0718300947.
11. Milner, Marc (1994). The U-boat hunters: the Royal Canadian Navy and the offensive against Germany's submarines. University of Toronto Press, p. 57

References

• Clay Blair (1996). Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol I . ISBN   0-304-35260-8
• Clay Blair (1998). Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol II . ISBN   0-304-35261-6
• Campbell, N. J. M. (1980). "Great Britain (including Empire Forces)". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 2–85. ISBN   0-85177-146-7.
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben & Bush, Steve (2020). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present (5th revised and updated ed.). Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN   978-1-5267-9327-0.
• Hague, Arnold (1993). Sloops: A History of the 71 Sloops Built in Britain and Australia for the British, Australian and Indian Navies 1926–1946. Kendal, UK: World Ship Society. ISBN   0-905617-67-3.
• Stephen Roskill (1960). The War at Sea: vol III pt 1. (ISBN: none)
• Maj. Sim, Stephen (October–December 1998), "The Anti-Ship Missile – A Revolution in Naval Warfare", Pointer, 24 (4), retrieved 16 April 2007

External links

• The sinking of the Egret
• An article about the remembrance celebrated in 2012
• HMS Egret at epsom and ewell history explorer
• HMS Egret at uboat.net

Coordinates: 42°10′N9°22′W / 42.167°N 9.367°W / 42.167; -9.367