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Lepiota is a genus of gilled mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae. All Lepiota species are ground-dwelling saprotrophs with a preference for rich, calcareous soils. Basidiocarps are agaricoid with whitish spores, typically with scaly caps and a ring on the stipe. Around 400 species of Lepiota are currently recognized worldwide. Many species are poisonous, some lethally so.
The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.
Russula is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus Lactarius have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796.
Torrendia is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Amanitaceae in part defined by being sequestrate. By molecular analyses the genus was shown to be part of Amanita and has now been placed in synonymy with Amanita. The type species, Torrendia pulchella, was first described by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1902, based on material collected in Portugal and sent to him by Camille Torrend. It has been renamed in Amanita as Amanita torrendii.
The Cortinariaceae are a large family of gilled mushrooms found worldwide, containing over 2100 species. The family takes its name from its largest genus, the varied species of the genus Cortinarius. Many genera formerly in the Cortinariaceae have been placed in various other families, including Hymenogastraceae, Inocybaceae and Bolbitiaceae.
The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species distributed among four genera. However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added. The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus Morchella, the thimble morels of the genus Verpa, and a genus of cup-shaped fungi Disciotis. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.
Guyanagaster is a genus of fungi in the family Physalacriaceae. The genus contains two wood-decaying sequestrate species Guyanagaster necrorhizus and Guyanagaster lucianii. The species, found in the neotropical rainforests of the Guiana Shield, was first described scientifically in 2010.
Leucangium is a genus of ascomycete fungi. The genus was circumscribed by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1883. Although classified in the Helvellaceae in the past, molecular analysis indicates it is closely related to the genus Fischerula and Imaia, and therefore must be placed in the Morchellaceae. The genus includes two species, Leucangium ophthalmosporum Quél. and L. carthusianum Paol., and both of them produce sequestrate ascoma, globose to ellipsoidal ascus, and dark olive-colored to grayish green, smooth, fusiform ascospores.
Thaxterogaster argyrionus is a species of sequestrate (truffle-like) fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Described as a new species in 2010, it is known only from New South Wales.
Phlegmacium basorapulum is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, the species was described as new to science in 2010.
Thaxterogaster cinereoroseolus is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, the species was described as new to science in 2010.
Cortinarius kaputarensis is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Described as a new species in 2010, it is known only from New South Wales in Australia.
Cortinarius maculobulga is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found only in New South Wales, Australia, it was described as new to science in 2010.
Thaxterogaster nebulobrunneus is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, the species was described as new to science in 2010.
Cortinarius sinapivelus is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Known only from New South Wales, it was described as new to science in 2010.
Rossbeevera is a genus of sequestrate (truffle-like) fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was first published in 2012 under the erroneous name Rosbeeva, but was corrected to Rossbeevera in the same issue. The genus was created to contain species formerly placed in Chamonixia, but characterized by having ellipsoid to spindle-shaped spores with 3–5 longitudinal ridges, bluish-green to deep blue fruit body staining reaction, and a thin whitish peridium. The Chinese species R. yunnanensis is the earliest diverging lineage within the genus, and has a close phylogenetic relationship with the bolete genera Turmalinea and Leccinellum.
Ross Ewen Beever was a New Zealand geneticist and mycologist.
The genus Saproamanita contains about 24 species of agarics and is one of six genera in the family Amanitaceae. The others are Amanita, Catatrama, Limacellopsis, Zhuliangomyces and Limacella. Saproamanita are the saprophytic species in the Tribe Amaniteae, separately classified from the ectomycorrhizal species in the genus Amanita.
Dr Teresa Lebel is a taxonomist and ecologist who works on fungi, with a particular interest in subterranean truffle-like fungi and their mushroom, bolete, bracket or cup relatives.
References
- ↑ Orihara T; Sawada F; Ikeda S; Yamato M; Tanaka C; Shimomura N; Hashiya M. Iwase K. (2010). "Taxonomic reconsideration of a sequestrate fungus, Octaviania columellifera, with the proposal of a new genus, Heliogaster, and its phylogenetic relationships in the Boletales". Mycologia. 102 (1): 108–121. doi:10.3852/08-168. PMID 20120234. S2CID 8109767.
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