Hillel Rapoport

Last updated
Hillel Rapoport
OccupationEconomist
Website https://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/en/rapoport-hillel/

Hillel Rapoport is an economist at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and Paris School of Economics. [1] He specializes in the dynamics of migration and its impact on economic development as well as on the economics of immigration, diversity, and refugees' relocation and resettlement [2] and ranks as one of the leading economists on the topic of migration. [3]

Contents

Biography

Hillel Rapoport received his Ph.D in economics from the University of Paris II in 1993, followed by a habilitation at the University of Versailles. From 1993 and 1997, respectively, until 2013, Rapoport had twin positions at the University of Lille and Bar-Ilan University, where he was Maitre de conferences, lecturer, associate professor, and professor. Additionally, he also held positions as a visiting scholar at Stanford University and Harvard University during that time. In 2013, Rapoport obtained a professorship at the Paris School of Economics as part of the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, where he is the deputy director of the Global Political Economy Research Group. Moreover, he has been a scientific advisor to the French Prime Minister as part of CEPII since 2016 and chairs the department on economics and demography at the Institut des Migrations. [4] In terms of editorial duties, he sits on the editorial boards of the Journal of Population Economics [5] and International Economics and has guest-edited many issues in other economic journals. [6] He is or has been affiliated with the research institutes CReAM (UCL), IfW, CEPREMAP, CID, IZA Institute of Labor Economics, CESifo, and the European Development Network, among others. [7] In a comprehensive review of economics research on the brain drain, Docquier and Rapoport find that high-skill emigration "need not deplete a country's human capital stock and can generative positive network externalities". [8]

Research

Hillel Rapoport's research centres on the nexus of migration and demography, development and political economy. In terms of research, he belongs to the top 2% of all economists registered on IDEAS/RePEc. [9] His research has notably won the Milken Institute Award for Distinguished Economic Research and the Developing Countries Prize of the University of Göttingen. In his research, he frequently collaborates with Frédéric Docquier from the Université Catholique de Louvain.

Research on brain drain and skilled migration

Together with Michel Beine and Docquier, Rapoport explores under which conditions brain drain could increase economic growth, arguing that a "beneficial brain drain" occurs when potential emigrants' additional investments into their education because of hopes for higher returns abroad - the "brain effect" - outweighs the "drain effect", i.e., the decrease in human capital due to actual emigration. [10] They find evidence for this effect in further research on skilled migration from developing countries, wherein those combining low levels of schooling with low emigration rates experience a beneficial brain drain. [11] In a more recent study with David McKenzie, Albert Bollard and Melanie Morten, Rapoport finds that more educated people tend to remit more, conditional on remitting at all. [12]

Research on migration selectivity

Another topic in Rapoport's research has been migration selectivity, which conceives of migration as a (self-)selective process. For instance, in work with Ravi Kanbur, Rapoport has developed a model with selectivity by education, wherein human capital may develop either way depending on the endo- or exogeneity of education and where past migration increase the incentives for prospective migrants to emigrate, thereby helping the model to explain the evolution of spatial inequalities in the face of ongoing migration from poor to rich areas. [13] These network effects are further explored in work with McKenzie in Mexico, where they are found to decrease the costs for future migrants and overall reduce inequality across communities with high levels of past migration. [14] Moreover, Rapoport and McKenzie also find evidence suggesting that the presence of migrant networks drives self-selection, with Mexican communities with strong migrant networks "sending" typically less educated members to the US compared with communities with weaker networks, in line with Borjas (1987) and Chiquiar and Hanson (2005). [15]

Other research

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human capital flight</span> Emigration of highly skilled or well-educated individuals

Human capital flight is the emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home. The net benefits of human capital flight for the receiving country are sometimes referred to as a "brain gain" whereas the net costs for the sending country are sometimes referred to as a "brain drain". In occupations with a surplus of graduates, immigration of foreign-trained professionals can aggravate the underemployment of domestic graduates, whereas emigration from an area with a surplus of trained people leads to better opportunities for those remaining. But emigration may cause problems for the home country if the trained people are in short supply there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human migration</span> Movement of people for their benefit

Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location.

International economics is concerned with the effects upon economic activity from international differences in productive resources and consumer preferences and the international institutions that affect them. It seeks to explain the patterns and consequences of transactions and interactions between the inhabitants of different countries, including trade, investment and transaction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration</span> Movement of people into another country or region to which they are not native

Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents. Commuters, tourists, and other short-term stays in a destination country do not fall under the definition of immigration or migration; seasonal labour immigration is sometimes included, however.

Opposition to immigration, also known as anti-immigration, is a political ideology that seeks to restrict the incoming of people from one area to another. In the modern sense, immigration refers to the entry of people from one state or territory into another state or territory in which they are not citizens in contrast, but closely correspond to emigration which refers people leaving one state or territory in which they are citizens. Illegal immigration occurs when people immigrate to a country without having official permission to do so. Opposition to immigration ranges from calls for various immigration reforms, to proposals to completely restrict immigration, to calls for repatriation of existing immigrants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alberto Alesina</span> Italian economist (1957–2020)

Alberto Francesco Alesina was an Italian economist who was the Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard University from 2003 until his death in 2020. He was known principally as an economist of politics and culture, and was famed for his usage of economic tools to study social and political issues. He was described as having “almost single-handedly” established the modern field of political economy, and as a likely contender for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Maurice Kugler is a Colombian American economist born in 1967. He received his Ph.D. in economics from UC Berkeley in 2000, as well as an M.Sc. (Econ) and a B.Sc. (Econ) both from the London School of Economics. Kugler is professor of public policy in the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University. Prior to this, he worked as a consultant for the World Bank, where he was senior economist before (2010-2012). Most recently he was principal research scientist and managing director at IMPAQ International.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joshua Angrist</span> Israeli–American economist

Joshua David Angrist is an Israeli–American economist and Ford Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Angrist, together with Guido Imbens, was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2021 "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships".

Brain circulation is the circular movement of skilled labour across nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dennis Snower</span> American-German economist (born 1950)

Dennis J. Snower is an American-German economist, specialising in macroeconomic theory and policy, labor economics, digital governance, social economics, and the psychology of economic decisions in "caring economics". He is President of the Global Solutions Initiative in Berlin, Professorial Research Fellow at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at Oxford University, Fellow at the New Institute in Hamburg, and Non-resident Fellow of the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C. He is former president of the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. His prominent labor research explores the role of “insiders” and “outsiders” in generating unemployment and macroeconomic fluctuations; his socio-economic research examines how social groups shape economic behavior; his psycho-economic research explains how economic decisions depend on psychological motives; and his macroeconomic research investigates why inflation and unemployment can move in opposite directions even in the long run.

Michael Andrew Clemens is an American economist who studies international migration and global economic development.

David McKenzie is a lead economist at the World Bank's Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit in Washington, D.C. His research topics include migration, microenterprises, and methodology for use with developing country data.

Sanjiv M. Ravi Kanbur, is T.H. Lee Professor of World Affairs, International Professor of Applied Economics, and Professor of Economics at Cornell University. He worked for the World Bank for almost two decades and was the director of the World Development Report.

Denmark has been noted as having one of the lowest income inequality ratings in the world and has been known to maintain relative stability in this metric throughout decades past. The OECD data of 2016 gives Denmark a Gini coefficient of 0.249, below the OECD average of 0.315. The OECD in 2013 ranked Denmark with having a 0.254 Gini coefficient, ranking third behind Iceland and Norway respectively as the countries with the lowest income inequality qualifications. Eurostat ranked Denmark with a Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income of 27.0 in 2022, having fallen for three straight years from a high of 27.8 in 2018. The Gini coefficients are measured using a 0–1 calibration where 0 equals complete equality and 1 equals complete inequality. "Wage-distributive outcomes" and their effect on income equality have been noted since the 1970s and 80s. Denmark, along with other Nordic countries, such as Finland and Sweden, has long held a stable low wage inequality index as well.

Giovanni Peri is an Italian-born American economist who is Professor and Chair of the Department of Economics at the University of California, Davis, where he directs the Global Migration Center. He is also a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and the co-editor of the peer-reviewed Journal of the European Economic Association. He is known for his research on the economic impact of immigration to the United States. He has also researched the economic determinants of international migrations and the Economic impact of immigration in several European Countries. He has challenged and broadened the work of George Borjas, which has argued that immigration has negative economic effects on low educated US workers.

Eliana La Ferrara is an Italian economist and Professor of Public Policy at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. Before receiving tenure at Harvard in 2022, she held the Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi Chair in Development Economics at Bocconi University, where she also acted as Scientific Director of the Laboratory for Effective Anti-poverty Programs (LEAP). Previously, she was also the president of the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) as well as the president of the European Economic Association. In terms of research, her fields of interest include development economics, political economy, and public economics.

Christian Dustmann, FBA, is a German economist who currently serves as Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics of University College London. There, he also works as Director of the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), which he helped found. Dustmann belongs to the world's foremost labour economists and migration scholars.

Leah Platt Boustan is an American economist who is currently a professor of economics at Princeton University. Her research interests include economic history, labour economics, and urban economics.

Frédéric Docquier is a Belgian economist and Professor of Economics at the Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain). He ranks as one of the leading economists in the field of international migration, with a focus on brain drain and skilled migration.

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes is a Spanish economist, a Professor in the Economics and Business Management faculty at the University of California, Merced and a Professor and Department Chair at San Diego State University. Since 2015, she has been the Western Representative for a standing committee called the Committee for the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP). Her field of work focuses on the fundamentals of labour economics and international migration, particularly the nature of immigration policies and its impact on migrant's assimilation into the community at a state and local level. Amuedo-Dorantes has published multiple articles in refereed journals including Journal of Public Economics, Journal of Population Economics, International Migration, and Journal of Development Economics.

References

  1. ↑ Profile of Hillel Rapoport on the website of the Paris School of Economics. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  2. ↑ Profile of Hillel Rapoport on the website of the Human Capital and Economic Opportunity (HCEO) Global Working Group. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  3. ↑ Hillel Rapoport ranks 4th among 853 economists researching migration who are registered on IDEAS/RePEc. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  4. ↑ Curriculum vitae of Hillel Rapoport on the website of the Paris School of Economics. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  5. ↑ Editorial board of 'Journal of Population Economics'. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  6. ↑ Editorial board of 'International Economics'. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  7. ↑ Curriculum vitae of Hillel Rapoport on the website of the Paris School of Economics. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  8. ↑ Docquier, Frédéric; Rapoport, Hillel (2012). "Globalization, Brain Drain, and Development". Journal of Economic Literature. 50 (3): 681–730. doi:10.1257/jel.50.3.681. hdl: 10419/51703 . JSTOR   23270475. S2CID   12406877.
  9. ↑ Hillel Rapoport ranks 883rd out of 55674 economists registered on IDEAS/RePEc in April 2019. Retrieved April 20th, 2019.
  10. ↑ Beine, Michel; Docquier, Frédéric; Rapoport, Hillel (2001). "Brain drain and economic growth: Theory and evidence". Journal of Development Economics. 64: 275–289. doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00133-4.
  11. ↑ Beine, Michel; Docquier, Fréderic; Rapoport, Hillel (2008). "Brain Drain and Human Capital Formation in Developing Countries: Winners and Losers". The Economic Journal. 118 (528): 631–652. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02135.x. S2CID   28988486.
  12. ↑ Bollard, Albert; McKenzie, David; Morten, Melanie; Rapoport, Hillel (2011). "Remittances and the Brain Drain Revisited: The Microdata Show That More Educated Migrants Remit More". The World Bank Economic Review. 25: 132–156. doi:10.1093/wber/lhr013. hdl: 10986/13469 .
  13. ↑ Kanbur, R., Rapoport, H. (2005). Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality. Journal of Economic Geography, 5(1), pp. 43-57.
  14. ↑ McKenzie, David; Rapoport, Hillel (2007). "Network effects and the dynamics of migration and inequality: Theory and evidence from Mexico". Journal of Development Economics. 84: 1–24. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.11.003. hdl: 10419/259344 .
  15. ↑ McKenzie, David; Rapoport, Hillel (2010). "Self-Selection Patterns in Mexico-U.s. Migration: The Role of Migration Networks". The Review of Economics and Statistics. 92 (4): 811–821. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00032. hdl: 10986/7149 . JSTOR   40985796. S2CID   54711993.
  16. ↑ Alesina, Alberto; Harnoss, Johann; Rapoport, Hillel (2016). "Birthplace diversity and economic prosperity". Journal of Economic Growth. 21 (2): 101–138. doi:10.1007/s10887-016-9127-6. hdl: 10419/89853 . S2CID   254652870.
  17. ↑ Kugler, Maurice; Rapoport, Hillel (2007). "International labor and capital flows: Complements or substitutes?". Economics Letters. 94 (2): 155–162. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2006.06.023.

Bibliography (selected works)

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.