Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

Last updated

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Company type Public
Industry
Founded
  • 22 December 1940;83 years ago (1940-12-22)
    (as Hindustan Aircraft)
  • 1964;60 years ago (1964)
    (Hindustan Aeronautics)
Headquarters
Bangalore, Karnataka
,
India [1]
Key people
CB Ananthakrishnan (Chairman & MD) (Additional Charge)
Products
RevenueIncrease2.svg₹28,597.58 crore (US$3.6 billion) (2023) [2]
Increase2.svg₹6,509.50 crore (US$820 million) (2023) [2]
Increase2.svg₹5,827.73 crore (US$730 million) (2023) [2]
Total assets Increase2.svg₹67,203.80 crore (US$8.4 billion) (2023) [3]
Total equity Increase2.svg₹23,575.89 crore (US$3.0 billion) (2023) [2]
Owner Government of India (71.65%) [4] [5]
Number of employees
24,457 (March 2023) [6]
Website hal-india.co.in

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian public sector aerospace and defence company, headquartered in Bangalore. Established on 23 December 1940, HAL is one of the oldest and largest aerospace and defence manufacturers in the world. [7] HAL began aircraft manufacturing as early as 1942 with licensed production of Harlow PC-5, Curtiss P-36 Hawk and Vultee A-31 Vengeance for the Indian Air Force. [7] HAL currently has 11 dedicated Research and development (R&D) centres and 21 manufacturing divisions under 4 production units spread across India. [7] HAL is managed by a board of directors appointed by the President of India through the Ministry of Defence, Government of India. [8] HAL is currently involved in designing and manufacturing of fighter jets, helicopters, jet engine and marine gas turbine engine, avionics, software development, spares supply, overhauling and upgrading of Indian military aircraft. [9]

Contents

The HAL HF-24 Marut fighter-bomber was the first indigenous fighter aircraft made in India.

History

Workers check new fuel tanks during World War II Indian workers at Hindustan Aircraft Factory in Bangalore 1944.jpg
Workers check new fuel tanks during World War II

HAL was established as Hindustan Aircraft Limited in Bangalore on 23 December 1940 by Walchand Hirachand in association with the then Kingdom of Mysore. [10] Walchand Hirachand became chairman of the company. The company's office was opened at a bungalow called "Eventide" on Domlur Road.

The organisation and equipment for the factory at Bangalore was set up by William D. Pawley of the Intercontinental Aircraft Corporation of New York. Pawley obtained a large number of machine-tools and equipment from the United States.

The Mysore Kingdom bought a one-third stake in the company and by April 1941 by investing ₹25 lakh as it believed this to be a strategic imperative. The decision by the government was primarily motivated to boost British military hardware supplies in Asia to counter the increasing threat posed by Imperial Japan during Second World War. The Kingdom of Mysore supplied two directors, Air Marshal John Higgins was resident director. The first aircraft built was a Harlow PC-5 [11] On 2 April 1942, the government announced that the company had been nationalised when it had bought out the stakes of Seth Walchand Hirachand and other promoters so that it could act freely. The Mysore Kingdom refused to sell its stake in the company but yielded the management control over to the British Indian Government.

In 1943 the Bangalore factory was handed over to the United States Army Air Forces but still using Hindustan Aircraft management. The factory expanded rapidly and became the centre for major overhaul and repair of American aircraft and was known as the 84th Air Depot. The first aircraft to be overhauled was a Consolidated PBY Catalina followed by every type of aircraft operated in India and Burma. When returned to Indian control two years later the factory had become one of the largest overhaul and repair organisations in the East. In the post war reorganisation the company built railway carriages as an interim activity.

IJT prototype in its hangar IJT Prototype in hangar.jpg
IJT prototype in its hangar

After India gained independence in 1947, the management of the company was passed over to the Government of India.

The total number of broad- gauge coaches manufactured by the Hindustan Aircraft Limited during the year 1954 is 158. [12]

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) was formed on 1 October 1964 (the Registrar of Companies has a registration date of 16 August 1963) [13] when Hindustan Aircraft Limited joined the consortium formed in June by the IAF Aircraft Manufacturing Depot, Kanpur (at the time manufacturing HS748 under licence) and the group recently set up to manufacture MiG-21 under licence, with its new factories planned in Koraput, Nasik and Hyderabad. [14] Though HAL was not used actively for developing newer models of fighter jets, except for the HF-24 Marut, the company has played a crucial role in modernisation of the Indian Air Force. In 1957 company started manufacturing Bristol Siddeley Orpheus jet engines under licence at new factory located in Bangalore.

Production line of the HAL Dhruv at Bangalore HAL Dhruv production line.JPG
Production line of the HAL Dhruv at Bangalore

During the 1980s, HAL's operations saw a rapid increase which resulted in the development of new indigenous aircraft such as the HAL Tejas and HAL Dhruv. HAL also developed an advanced version of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, known as MiG-21 Bison, which increased its life-span by more than 20 years. HAL has also obtained several multimillion-dollar contracts from leading international aerospace firms such as Airbus, Boeing and Honeywell to manufacture aircraft spare parts and engines.

By 2012, HAL was reportedly bogged down in the details of production and has been slipping on its schedules. [15] On 1 April 2015, HAL reconstituted its Board with TS Raju as CMD, S Subrahmanyan as Director (Operations), VM Chamola as Director (HR), CA Ramana Rao as Director (Finance) and D K Venkatesh as Director (Engineering & R&D). There are two government nominees in the board and six independent directors.

Light Combat Helicopter induction into the Indian Army IA LCH induction2.jpg
Light Combat Helicopter induction into the Indian Army

In March 2017, HAL's chairman and managing director T Suvarna Raju announced that the company had finalised plans for an indigenisation drive. The company plans to produce nearly 1, 000 military helicopters, including Kamov 226, LCH (Light Combat Helicopter) ALH (Advanced Light Helicopter), and over 100 planes over the next 10 years. HAL will manufacture the Kamov 226T helicopter under a joint venture agreement with Russian defence manufacturers. The Kamov 226T will replace the country's fleet of Cheetah and Chetak helicopters. Over the next 5 years, HAL will carry out major upgrade of almost the entire fighter fleet of Indian Air Force including Su-30MKI, Jaguars, Mirage and Hawk jets to make them "more lethal". The company will also deliver 123 Tejas Light Combat Aircraft to the IAF from 2018 to 2019, at a rate of 16 jets per year. [16] LCH production will now take place in a newly built Light Combat Helicopter Production Hangar at Helicopter Division in HAL Complex. [17]

In view of Make in India policy and to increase the share of defence exports to achieve the target of $5 billion by 2025, HAL is planning to set up logistic bases in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Vietnam with priority target for Southeast Asia, West Asia and North African markets. It would not only help to promote HAL products but also act as service centre for Soviet/Russian origin equipment. [18]

Operations

One of the largest aerospace companies in Asia, HAL has annual turnover of over US$3 billion. More than 40% of HAL's revenues come from international deals to manufacture aircraft engines, spare parts, and other aircraft materials. A partial list of major operations undertaken by HAL includes the following:

International agreements

HAL Dhruv helicopters of the Ecuadorian Air Force in 2009 Aero India Dhruv Ecuador.jpg
HAL Dhruv helicopters of the Ecuadorian Air Force in 2009 Aero India
An IAF BAe Hawk being licence-produced at the HAL Hawk production facility in Bangalore Hawk production at HAL.JPG
An IAF BAe Hawk being licence-produced at the HAL Hawk production facility in Bangalore

Domestic agreements

Indigenous products

HAL Tejas IAF Tejas full size (32941198511).jpg
HAL Tejas

Over the years, HAL has designed and developed several platforms like the HF-24 Marut, [39] the Dhruv, [40] the LUH, [41] and the LCH. [42] HAL also manufactures indigenous products with technology transferred from the DRDO, in association with Bharat Electronics for its avionics and Indian Ordnance Factories for the on-board weapons systems and ammunition.

HAL supplies ISRO, the integrated L-40 stages for GSLV Mk II, propellant tanks, feed lines of PSLV, GSLV MKII and GSLV MKIII launch vehicles and structures of various satellites. [43]

Agricultural aircraft

Fighter aircraft

HF-24 Marut HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics), HF-24, Marut (7585415088).jpg
HF-24 Marut

Trainer aircraft

HAL HTT-40 Basic training aircraft HAL HTT40 aeroIndia.jpg
HAL HTT-40 Basic training aircraft
Hindustan HJT-36 Sitara Intermediate jet trainer Hindustan HJT-36 Sitara Krivchikov 2007.jpg
Hindustan HJT-36 Sitara Intermediate jet trainer

Passenger, transport and utility aircraft

Saras, under joint development with National Aerospace Laboratories VT-XSD (14011793813).jpg
Saras, under joint development with National Aerospace Laboratories

Helicopters

HAL Dhruv of Indian Coast Guard Two HAL Dhruv (ALH MK III) helicopters inducted into INAS 321 at INS Shikra on 29 October 2021 01.jpg
HAL Dhruv of Indian Coast Guard
Formation flight of three HAL Rudras of Indian Air Force HAL Rudra Mark 4 WSI.jpg
Formation flight of three HAL Rudras of Indian Air Force
HAL Prachand of No. 143 Helicopter Unit, IAF. HAL Prachand during a flight.jpg
HAL Prachand of No. 143 Helicopter Unit, IAF.

Observation and reconnaissance aircraft

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Gliders

Engines

GTX-35VS Kaveri prototype testing Kaveriprototype.jpg
GTX-35VS Kaveri prototype testing

Cryogenic Rocket Engine

CE-20 cryogenic rocket engine. It is the most powerful upper-stage Cryogenic engine operational today. IndianCryoEngine25.JPG
CE-20 cryogenic rocket engine. It is the most powerful upper-stage Cryogenic engine operational today.
  • CE-7.5 — cryogenic rocket engine (in production, used on GSLV mk.ii Cryogenic upper stage CUS15)
  • CE-20 — cryogenic rocket engine [54] (in production, used on C25 upperstage of LVM-3)

Turboshaft Engine

Turbojet Engine

HAL HJE-2500 Engine at HAL Museum. Built in 1965, it was the first turbojet engine built by HAL HAL HJE-2500 Engine at HAL Museum 7915.JPG
HAL HJE-2500 Engine at HAL Museum. Built in 1965, it was the first turbojet engine built by HAL
  • Hindustan Jet Engine(HJE-2500)(retired) [56]
  • PTAE-7 — (in service) For indigenously designed Lakshya PTA

Turbofan Engine

  • GTX-35VS Kaveri — a turbofan engine can be used in HAL-developed Tejas and AMCA, co-developed with GTRE of (DRDO) and Safran Aircraft Engines (under development)
  • HTFE-25 — a turbofan engine can be used in single engine trainer jets, business jets and UAVs weighing up to 5 tonnes and in twin engine configuration for same weighing up to 9 tonnes [57] (under development)

Licensed production

Fighter aircraft

HAL made Su-30MKI Sukhoi Su-30MKI-3 'SB 167' (20443086186).jpg
HAL made Su-30MKI
HAL made Jaguar IAF Jaguar.jpg
HAL made Jaguar

Trainer aircraft

Passenger, transport and utility aircraft

Helicopters

Engines

Turbofan Engines

Turboshaft Engine

Notable people

See also

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