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In the context of the history of slavery in the Americas, free people of color were people of mixed African, European, and sometimes Native American descent who were not enslaved. They were a distinct group of free people of color in the French colonies, including Louisiana and in settlements on Caribbean islands, such as Saint-Domingue (Haiti), St. Lucia, Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Martinique. In these territories and major cities, particularly New Orleans, and those cities held by the Spanish, a substantial third class of primarily mixed-race, free people developed. These colonial societies classified mixed-race people in a variety of ways, generally related to visible features and to the proportion of African ancestry. Racial classifications were numerous in Latin America.
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Gordon, or "Whipped Peter", was an escaped American slave who became known as the subject of photographs documenting the extensive keloid scarring of his back from whippings received in slavery. The "scourged back" photo became one of the most widely circulated photos of the abolitionist movement during the American Civil War and remains one of the most famous photos of that era. The New York Times writer Joan Paulson Gage, noted, "The images of Wilson Chinn in chains, like the one of Gordon and his scarred back, are as disturbing today as they were in 1863. They serve as two of the earliest and most dramatic examples of how the newborn medium of photography could change the course of history."Most historians have accepted a 1863 Harper's Weekly article, which consisted of a triptych of illustrations and a narrative describing Gordon's escape from slavery and enlistment in the Union Army. However, the narrative was likely fabricated by Vincent Colyer, and Gordon and Peter are likely two different people.
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References
- 1 2 3 "People Profile |". profiles.howard.edu.
- ↑ [Kerr-Ritchie, Freedpeople in the Tobacco South, Virginia 1860-1900,], University of North Carolina Press, 1999,
- ↑ [Kerr-Ritchie, Rites of August First: Emancipation Day in the Black Atlantic World,], Louisiana State University Press, 2007,https://lsupress.org/books/detail/rites-of-august-first/
- ↑ [Kerr-Ritchie, Freedom’s Seekers: Essays on Comparative Emancipation,], Louisiana State University Press, 2014,https://lsupress.org/books/detail/freedoms-seekers/
- ↑ [Kerr-Ritchie, Rebellious Passage: The Creole Revolt and America’s Coastal Slave Trade,], Cambridge University Press, 2019,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rebellious-passage/04285EE7E6F691153D43C3C0EC2BE400
- ↑ "Antique Dealers | Chapel Hill, NC - Whitehall Antiques". whitehallantiques.com.
- ↑ "ELIZABETH LINDQUIST of Coldwell Banker Advantage". www.coldwellbanker.com.
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