Nigel Paul Farage is a British broadcaster and former politician who was Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2006 to 2009 and 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Brexit Party from 2019 to 2021. Farage is currently the Honorary President of Reform UK and a presenter for GB News. He served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England from 1999 until the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union in 2020.
Richard Graham Corbett CBE is a former British politician who served as the final Leader of the European Parliamentary Labour Party (EPLP),from 2017 to 2020.
Daniel John Hannan,Baron Hannan of Kingsclere is a British writer,journalist and politician. He is currently a sitting member of the House of Lords where he takes the Conservative whip,and has since 2020 served as an adviser to the Board of Trade. He is the founding president of the Initiative for Free Trade. A member of the Conservative Party,he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England from 1999 to 2020.
Alyn Edward Smith is a Scottish politician. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP),he was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stirling at the 2019 general election. He also served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Scotland from 2004 to 2019. He has been serving as SNP Spokesperson for Europe and EU Accession since December 2022.
Brian Monteith is a British politician,public relations consultant and commentator. As a member of the Scottish Conservatives,he was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Mid Scotland and Fife region from 1999 to 2007. Later a member of the Brexit Party,he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for North East England from 2019 to 2020.
The British Chambers of Commerce is the national representative body of 53 chambers of commerce across the UK. The chambers represent 50,000 businesses,which the BCC claims employs 6 million people.
On 23 June 2016,a referendum,commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum,took place in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to ask the electorate whether the country should remain a member of,or leave,the European Union (EU). The referendum resulted in 51.9% of the votes cast being in favour of leaving the EU,triggering calls to begin the process of the country's withdrawal from the EU commonly termed "Brexit".
Brexit was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). Following a referendum on 23 June 2016,Brexit officially took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020. The UK is the only sovereign country to have left the EU. The UK had been a member state of the EU or its predecessor,the European Communities (EC),since 1 January 1973. Following Brexit,EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union no longer have primacy over British laws. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 retains relevant EU law as domestic law,which the UK can amend or repeal.
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy was a Eurosceptic and populist political group in the European Parliament. The EFDD group was a continuation for the Eighth European Parliament of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group that existed during the Seventh European Parliament,with significant changes to group membership.
The 2019 European Parliament election was the United Kingdom's component of the 2019 European Parliament election. It was held on Thursday 23 May 2019 and the results announced on Sunday 26 and Monday 27 May 2019,after all the other EU countries had voted. This was the United Kingdom's final participation in a European Parliament election before leaving the European Union on 31 January 2020,and was also the last election to be held under the provisions of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002 before its repeal under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.
Vote Leave was a campaigning organisation that supported a "Leave" vote in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. On 13 April 2016 it was designated by the Electoral Commission as the official campaign in favour of leaving the European Union in the Referendum.
A number of politicians,public figures,newspapers and magazines,businesses and other organisations endorsed either the United Kingdom remaining in the EU or the United Kingdom leaving the EU during the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
Richard James Sunley Tice is an English businessman and politician who has been the leader of Reform UK since 2021.
Leave Means Leave was a pro-Brexit,Eurosceptic political pressure group organisation that campaigned and lobbied for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union following the 'Leave' result of the EU referendum on 23 June 2016. The campaign was co-chaired by British property entrepreneur Richard Tice and business consultant John Longworth. The vice-chairman was Leader of the Brexit Party,Nigel Farage.
Reform UK is a right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. It was founded by Catherine Blaiklock with support from Nigel Farage in November 2018 as the Brexit Party,advocating hard Euroscepticism and a no-deal Brexit. It was a significant political force at the 2019 European Parliament election,but failed to win any seats at the 2019 general election. After the UK's withdrawal from the European Union (EU) on 31 January 2020,it was renamed to Reform UK,and it became primarily an anti-lockdown party during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2022,the party has campaigned on a platform of broader right-wing populist issues,chiefly surrounding illegal migration and the government’s Net Zero energy policy.
A referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement,also referred to as a "second referendum",a "rerun",a "people's vote",or a "confirmatory public vote",was proposed by a number of politicians and pressure groups as a way to break the deadlock during the 2017–19 Parliament surrounding the meaningful vote on the Brexit deal.
Several allegations of unlawful campaigning in the 2016 EU referendum have been made. Some allegations were dismissed by the investigating bodies,but in other cases wrongdoing was established,leading to the imposition of penalties. Sanctions have included the levying of the maximum fine possible on Facebook for breaches of data privacy.
Lance Philip Anisfeld,known professionally as Lance Philip Forman,is a British politician and businessman,who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for London between 2 July 2019 and the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU.
Lucy Elizabeth Harris is a British Conservative Party politician and advisor. She was elected as a Brexit Party Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Yorkshire and the Humber constituency in the 2019 European parliamentary election. She held this role until the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU. Prior to her political career,she worked in publishing as a corporate communications executive for The Quarto Group,and later the Greater London Authority.
