Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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The Bloomberg School of Public Health
Bloomberg.logo.small.horizontal.blue.png
MottoProtecting Health, Saving Lives – Millions at a Time [1]
Type Private public health graduate school
Established1916
Parent institution
Johns Hopkins University
Endowment US $632 million (2022) [2]
Dean Ellen J. MacKenzie [3]
Academic staff
875 primary, 833 affiliated [2]
Students3,639 [2]
Location, ,
United States
Campus Urban
Website www.jhsph.edu

The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is the public health graduate school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. As the second independent, degree-granting institution for research in epidemiology and training in public health, [4] and the largest public health training facility in the United States. [5] [6] [7] [8]

Contents

History

Originally named the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, the school was founded in 1916 by William H. Welch with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, the second school of public health in the U.S. after Tulane University. The school was renamed the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health on April 20, 2001, in honor of Michael Bloomberg (founder of the eponymous media company) for his financial support and commitment to the school and Johns Hopkins University. Bloomberg has donated a total of $2.9 billion to Johns Hopkins University over a period of several decades.

The school is also the founder of Delta Omega (est. 1924), the national honorary society for graduate training in public health. [9] [10] The Bloomberg School is fully accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH). [11]

Origins

In 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation sponsored a conference on the need for public health education in the United States. Foundation officials were convinced that a new profession of public health was needed. It would be allied to medicine but also distinct, with its own identity and educational institutions. [12] The result of deliberations between public health leaders and foundation officials was the Welch–Rose Report of 1915, which laid out the need for adequately trained public health workers, and envisioned an "institute of hygiene" for the United States. [13] The report reflected the different preferences of the plan's two architects—William Henry Welch favored scientific research, whereas Wickliffe Rose wanted an emphasis on public health practice. [12]

In June 1916, the executive committee of the Rockefeller Foundation approved the plan to organize an institute or school of public health at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The institute was named the School of Hygiene and Public Health, indicating a compromise between those who wanted the practical public health training on the British model and those who favored basic scientific research on the German model. [13] Welch, the first dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, also became the founding dean of the first school of public health in the United States.

The facility is located on the former Maryland Hospital site founded in 1797. The Maryland Hospital was originally built as a hospital to care for Yellow Fever for the indigent away from the city. In 1840, the hospital expanded to exclusively care for the mentally ill. In 1873, the buildings were torn down as the facility relocated to a new site as the Spring Grove Hospital Center. [14]

Legacy

The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health represents the archetype for formalized public health training and epidemiology education in the United States. By 1922, other schools of public health at Harvard, Columbia and Yale had all been established in accordance with the Hopkins model. [15] The Rockefeller Foundation continued to sponsor the creation of public health schools in the United States and around the world in the 1920s and 1930s, extending the American model of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health to countries such as Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, England, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. [13]

Leaders

The official title of the head of the school has changed periodically between director and dean throughout the years. [16] Originally the title was director. In 1931, it was changed to dean and in 1946 back to director. In 1958, the title again became dean. The directors and deans of the Bloomberg School include:

  1. William H. Welch (1916–1927)
  2. William Henry Howell (1927–1931)
  3. Wade Hampton Frost (1931–1934)
  4. Allen W. Freeman (1934–1937)
  5. Lowell Reed (1937–1947)
  6. Ernest L. Stebbins (1947–1967)
  7. John C. Hume (1967–1977)
  8. Donald A. Henderson (1977–1990)
  9. Alfred Sommer (1990–2005)
  10. Michael J. Klag (2005–2017)
  11. Ellen J. MacKenzie (2017–present)

Reputation and ranking

The Bloomberg School is the largest school of public health in the world, with 875 primary and 833 affiliated faculty, and 3,639 students from 97 countries. [17] It is home to over 80 research centers and institutes with research ongoing in the U.S. and more than 60 countries worldwide. [18] The school ranks first in federal research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), receives nearly 25 percent of all funds distributed among the 40 U.S. schools of public health, [17] and has consistently been ranked first among schools of public health by U.S. News & World Report . [19] The school is ranked second for public health in the world by EduRank and Shanghai Rankings, behind the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. [20]

Academic degrees and departments

The school offers master's degrees, [21] doctoral degrees, [22] postdoctoral training, [23] and residency programs in general preventive medicine and occupational medicine. [24] and combined [25] and certificate training programs in various areas of public health. [26] It is composed of 10 academic departments: [27]

Location

The Bloomberg School of Public Health is located in the East Baltimore campus of the Johns Hopkins University. The campus, collectively known as the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions [32] (JHMI), is also home to the School of Medicine and the School of Nursing and comprises several city blocks, radiating outwards from the Billings Building of the Johns Hopkins Hospital with its historic dome. The main building on which the school is located is on North Wolfe Street; it has nine floors and features an observation area and a fitness center on the top floor. The Bloomberg School also occupies Hampton House on North Broadway. The school is also serviced by the Welch Medical Library, a central resource shared by all the schools of the Medical Campus. The campus includes the Lowell Reed Residence Hall [33] and the Denton Cooley Recreational Center. [34] Public transportation to and from the campus is served by the Baltimore Metro Subway, local buses, and the JHMI shuttle. [35]

Notable alumni

Some of the graduates of the Bloomberg School of Public Health include:

Publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johns Hopkins Hospital</span> Hospital in Maryland, U.S.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1889, Johns Hopkins Hospital and its school of medicine are considered to be the founding institutions of modern American medicine and the birthplace of numerous famed medical traditions, including rounds, residents, and house staff. Several medical specialties were founded at the hospital, including neurosurgery by Harvey Williams Cushing and Walter Dandy, cardiac surgery by Alfred Blalock, and child psychiatry by Leo Kanner. Johns Hopkins Children's Center which serves infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21, is attached to the hospital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</span> Public health institution

The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. The school grew out of the Harvard-MIT School for Health Officers, the nation's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and then became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donald Henderson</span> American physician

Donald Ainslie Henderson was an American medical doctor, educator, and epidemiologist who directed a 10-year international effort (1967–1977) that eradicated smallpox throughout the world and launched international childhood vaccination programs. From 1977 to 1990, he was Dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Later, he played a leading role in instigating national programs for public health preparedness and response following biological attacks and national disasters. At the time of his death, he was Professor and Dean Emeritus of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh, as well as Distinguished Scholar at the UPMC Center for Health Security.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William H. Welch</span> American physician (1850–1934)

William Henry Welch was an American physician, pathologist, bacteriologist, and medical-school administrator. He was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was the first dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and was also the founder of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, the first school of public health in the country. Welch was more known for his cogent summations of current scientific work, than his own scientific research. The Johns Hopkins medical school library is also named after Welch. In his lifetime, he was called the "Dean of American Medicine" and received various awards and honors throughout his lifetime and posthumously.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Sommer</span> American ophthalmologist and academic

Alfred (Al) Sommer is a prominent American ophthalmologist and epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. His research on vitamin A in the 1970s and 1980s revealed that dosing even mildly vitamin A deficient children with an inexpensive, large dose vitamin A capsule twice a year reduces child mortality by as much as 34 percent. The World Bank and the Copenhagen Consensus list vitamin A supplementation as one of the most cost-effective health interventions in the world.

Makerere University School of Public Health (MUSPH) is one of the schools that comprise the Makerere University College of Health Sciences, a constituent college of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university.

Lisa A. Cooper is an American internal medicine and public health physician who is the Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Equity in Health and Healthcare at Johns Hopkins University, jointly appointed in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and in the departments of Health, Behavior and Society, Health Policy and Management; Epidemiology; and International Health in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. She is the James F. Fries Professor of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine, Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity, and Director of the Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute. Cooper is also a Gilman Scholar and a core faculty member in the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research. She is internationally recognized for her research on the impact of race, ethnicity and gender on the patient-physician relationship and subsequent health disparities. She is a member of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). In 2007, she received a MacArthur Fellowship.

Thomas A. LaVeist is dean and Weatherhead Presidential Chair at the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was previously chairman of the Department of Health Policy and Management at the George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health. He focuses mainly on the development of policy and interventions to address race disparities in the health field.

Paul Kieran Whelton is an Irish-born American physician and scientist who has contributed to the fields of hypertension and kidney disease epidemiology. He also mentored several public health leaders including the deans of the schools of public health at Johns Hopkins and Columbia. He currently serves as the Show Chwan Health Care System Endowed Chair in Global Public Health and a Clinical Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. He is the founding director of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins University.

Abraham Morris Lilienfeld was an American epidemiologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. He is known for his work in expanding epidemiology to focus on chronic diseases as well as infectious ones.

Leon Gordis was an American epidemiologist, professor and author, whose textbook Epidemiology provided a foundation for the understanding of epidemiologic principles and clinical applications.

Chris Beyrer is the Director of the Duke Global Health Institute. He was previously a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. He was president of the International AIDS Society from 2014 to 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Latimer</span> American infectious disease epidemiologist

William W. Latimer is an infectious disease epidemiologist and academic administrator. He currently serves as the 7th President of Chestnut Hill College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and previously served as the 14th President of the College of New Rochelle.

Cheryl Ann Marie Anderson is an American epidemiologist. Anderson is a professor at and founding Dean of the University of California San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science. Anderson's research focus is on nutrition and chronic disease prevention in under-served human populations.

Timothy Danforth Baker was a professor of international health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He was also one of the founders of the study of international health.

Michael John Klag is an American internist and epidemiologist. For eight years, he was the Director of the Division of General Internal Medicine and was the first Vice Dean for Clinical Investigation at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Xiaobin Wang is an American molecular epidemiologist. She is the Zanvyl Krieger Professor in Children's Health at Children's Memorial Institute and director of the Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Kathy J. Helzlsouer is an American oncologist, internist, and cancer epidemiologist who investigates cancer etiology and prevention, women's health, genetic counseling, and translational research. At the National Cancer Institute, she is the associate director of the epidemiology and genomics research program and chief medical officer for the division of cancer control and population sciences.

Stephen Gange is an American statistician, epidemiologist, and academic administrator of Johns Hopkins University. He is a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and has a joint appointment in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Keshia M. Pollack Porter is an American injury epidemiologist and policy researcher who specializes in health equity and promoting safe environments. She is a Bloomberg Centennial Professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

References

  1. "What is Public Health?". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 "The School at a Glance".
  3. "Ellen J. MacKenzie, PhD". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  4. "Welch-Rose Blueprint" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 14, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  5. The World Book Encyclopedia, 1994, p. 135.
  6. Education of the Physician: International Dimensions. Education Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates., Association of American Medical Colleges. Meeting. (1984 : Chicago, Ill), p. v.
  7. Milton Terris, "The Profession of Public Health", Conference on Education, Training, and the Future of Public Health. March 22–24, 1987. Board on Health Care Services. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, p. 53.
  8. Cecil G. Sheps (1973). "Schools of public health in transition". The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society. 51 (4): 462–468. doi:10.2307/3349628. JSTOR   3349628.
  9. "What is the Delta Omega Alpha Chapter?". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  10. "The Delta Omega Public Health Honorary Society". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  11. "Bloomberg School Receives Seven Year Accreditation".
  12. 1 2 Gebbie, Rosenstock & Hernandez (2003) , p. 228
  13. 1 2 3 Gebbie, Rosenstock & Hernandez (2003) , p. 229
  14. Rice, Laura (2002). Maryland History in Prints. p. 122.
  15. Gebbie, Rosenstock & Hernandez (2003) , p. 230
  16. "The Institutional Records of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health". Medical Archives. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  17. 1 2 "Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) Profile". Archived from the original on March 20, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  18. "Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Research Map". Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
  19. "Rankings of Public Health Programs, U.S. News & World Report".
  20. "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects".
  21. "Master's Programs at Bloomberg School of Public Health". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  22. "Doctoral Degrees at Bloomberg School of Public Health" . Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  23. "Postdoctoral Training". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  24. "Residency Programs". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  25. "Combined Programs". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  26. "Certificate Programs". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  27. "Departments". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  28. "JHSPH - Distribution of Postdoctoral Fellows by Department". Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  29. Greer, Spencer. "Training Programs". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  30. "Health Policy and Management". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  31. "International Health". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  32. "The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions".
  33. "Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Housing". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  34. JHUcooleycenter.com
  35. "JHMI Shuttle Service". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  36. "She-EO 6 Stage". She-EO. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  37. Adepoju, Taiwo. "10:10 #PAW INTERVIEW SERIES: WOMEN WITH A DIFFERENCE WITH OLOLADE ADEYEMI". Phenomenal African Woman. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  38. "CHIT Chat webinar: What is Preventive Medicine?". American College of Preventive Medicine. December 9, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  39. "Anna M Baetjer, ScD". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  40. "Abdullah Baqui, MBBS". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  41. "Donna M. Felling". Maryland State Archives . February 27, 2001. Retrieved February 25, 2023.

Bibliography

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