Key House

Last updated

Key House in the late 19th-century KeyMansionGeorgetown.jpg
Key House in the late 19th-century

The Key House, also referred to as the Key Mansion, was the Washington, D.C., home of lawyer and poet Francis Scott Key from 1805 to 1830. It was built in 1795 and demolished in the 1940s for a highway ramp.

Contents

The Key House was built in 1795 by a real estate developer and merchant. At the time the house was located on Bridge Street, since renamed M Street, and included thick walls, long hallways, two parlors, and six bedrooms, in addition to the kitchen and dining room. Key and his wife moved there in 1805 and raised their 11 children in the house; during this time, he wrote the poem that would later be expanded and turned into the national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".

The Keys moved after the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was built directly behind their house, although Francis continued using the one-story addition as office space. The house later became a hotel and restaurant, then a string of commercial enterprises, including a blacksmith shop, and a dry-goods store. With the construction of the Georgetown Car Barn across the street, the area around the house rapidly developed.

In the early 1900s, a group of historic preservationists purchased the house and established a museum honoring Key, but within a few years, the building was sold and drastically altered. The gabled roof and chimneys were removed, in addition to other modifications. Many people thought the original house had been demolished and replaced with a new building. When the Key Bridge opened in 1923, it was apparent the house might not survive. This came to pass in the 1940s with the construction of an exit ramp from the Whitehurst Freeway to the Key Bridge. The building was disassembled with plans to rebuild it somewhere else, but during the next several decades, all of the items were used in other buildings or stolen.

In 1993, the Francis Scott Key Memorial opened near the Key House site.

History

19th-century

Early history

Francis Scott Key by Joseph Wood c1825.jpg
Star Spangled Banner Flag on display at the Smithsonian's National Museum of History and Technology, around 1964.jpg
Francis Scott Key and the Star-Spangled Banner flag

In 1795, real estate developer and merchant Thomas Clarke built a brick house on Bridge Street, present-day M Street NW, in Georgetown, a separate municipality of Washington, D.C., at the time. The home was perched on a slope beside the Potomac River. It was three-and-a-half stories tall and it faced the river; the façade was two-and-a-half stories. [1]

Francis Scott Key, a lawyer born in Frederick, Maryland, moved to Georgetown in 1805 with his wife, Mary Taylor Lloyd, when he began working for the firm of his wealthy uncle, Philip Barton Key I. In late 1805, the Keys moved into the house at 3518 Bridge Street. [2] The couple raised their eleven children while living in the house. [3] In addition to his legal work, Key participated in civil affairs and was heavily involved with St. John's Episcopal Church's activities. [2]

War of 1812

While living in the house, the War of 1812 brought destruction to the area when the British attacked the nation's capital, burning many landmarks, including the White House. While serving in the Georgetown Light Infantry in 1814, as the war continued, Key learned of a doctor, William Beanes, who had been arrested by British troops and taken to Baltimore. Key and an officer from Maryland left by boat on the Minden at the Georgetown port to travel to Baltimore in an attempt to secure the doctor's release. The two men arrived on September 7, 1814, and after several days of negotiations, were successful in retrieving Beanes. British forces would not let the men leave the city because the Battle of Baltimore was imminent and they didn't want American forces to learn of the plan. [2] [4]

While being detained on a British ship, the attack on Baltimore began on September 12. After Key watched Fort McHenry and its large American flag be bombarded, he wrote Defence of Fort McHenry, a poem about Britain's unsuccessful attack. Two days later, Key penned the remaining four stanzas in a Baltimore pub. The poem became incredibly popular and was made into a song, renamed The Star-Spangled Banner , which later became the national anthem of the United States. [1] [2] For his contribution of the poem, Key became a well-known figure in American history. [5]

Key's life after the war

The Keys moved after the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was built in 1830. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Georgetown.jpg
The Keys moved after the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was built in 1830.

After the war concluded, Key continued to practice law. The Key family and the people they enslaved left Georgetown in 1830 when the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C&O Canal) and its boat traffic opened directly behind their house. They moved to Judiciary Square, so that Key could be closer to the court buildings, but he did keep an office in a wing of the Bridge Street house until 1843. [1] [2] [3] From 1833 to 1840, he served as District Attorney for the City of Washington, where he repeatedly argued in defense of slavery and to restrict the abolitionist movement, even going so far as to restricting their free speech. In the case United States v. Reuben Crandall , Key was unsuccessful in his attempt to stop abolitionists from distributing literature. The result humiliated Key and he left public life during his remaining years. [6]

Mid-to-late 19th-century

After the opening of the canal, the neighborhood around the house became an industrial area. [4] In the years following Key's death in 1843, the house was owned by his heirs for ten years. It was sold and later became a hotel and restaurant during the Civil War, with a blacksmith shop located in the adjoining building. It's possible the owner during this time is the one who first modified the building's exterior, converting one of the windows to a second door. [1]

During the next several decades, the Key House continued to be used for commercial purposes. It again served as a hotel starting in 1896, with The Washington Post writing the owner was "anxious to preserve the historical house", but also planned to add two stories to the house and a four-story adjoining building, and removal of the house's chimney. [5] The hotel renovations never took place, and the house became a blacksmith shop and dry-goods store. [7] "THE KEY MANSION" was painted in large black letters on the façade, in an attempt to draw in visitors who would shop at the store. [5] Additional commercial properties were constructed on either side of the house, and the Georgetown Car Barn was built across the street, further changing the area from residential to commercial and industrial. [1]

20th-century

Preservation attempts

The Francis Scott Key Bridge was built in 1923 and is located near the Key House site. Key Bridge Georgetown waterfront Washington DC 2023-10-28 07-53-55.jpg
The Francis Scott Key Bridge was built in 1923 and is located near the Key House site.

In 1907, a group of preservationists formed the Francis Scott Key Memorial Association to restore and preserve the Key House. Members of the association included Admiral George Dewey, Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, Judge Ashley Mulgrave Gould, local politician Henry Brown Floyd MacFarland, and Key's great-grandson, Francis Scott Key Smith. [1] [8] The association tried to recreate the successful saving of the Betsy Ross House in Philadelphia. [4] The Key House was purchased by lawyer Hugh T. Taggart after Dewey convinced him to save the building, and the association decorated the exterior with U.S. flags and a portrait of Key. [1] [2] The house opened to the public after a dedication on February 23, 1908. A few months later on Flag Day, a memorial service was held at the house, which included speeches and a 21-gun salute. [1] [9]

Due to its location in an undesirable area and the lack of furniture or anything else related to Key, the museum saw few visitors. It only remained open for a few years before Taggart's death in 1912. His heirs drastically altered the appearance of the Key House, including removing the gable roof, removing the façade and installing glass-plate windows, demolishing the one-story adjoining building that Key used as office space and replacing it with a two-story commercial property, and removing the chimneys. [2] [4] These changes made some members of the public think the house had been demolished and replaced with another building. [4]

During World War I, the Key House was turned into a factory that made U.S. flags. [2] The Key Bridge opened near the house in 1923, resulting in further development of the surrounding area. In 1929, one of Key's granddaughters, Mary Lloyd Pendleton Abney, bequeathed to the National Gallery of Art (present-day Smithsonian American Art Museum) a collection of her grandfather's belongings. Among the donated items were some of Key's furnishings and family portraits. [10]

The Key House in 1931 shows the drastic changes made to the building Key House 1931.jpg
The Key House in 1931 shows the drastic changes made to the building

In 1931, the National Park Service (NPS) purchased land and properties on the south side of M Street that were near the Key Bridge. The plan was to demolish the site's structures to create Palisades Park, but after locals argued to save the Key House, government officials assured citizens the house would remain and be restored. [4] [11] During the Great Depression, raising funds to restore the house did not meet the $25,000 goal (equivalent to $555,583in 2023). Ulysses S. Grant III, who served as director of the Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, led the unsuccessful fundraising effort. [1] [12]

Beginning in 1935, there were plans to dismantle the house and move the original building materials elsewhere. This idea was opposed by a collection of local officials and citizens, including Key's great-grandson, Francis Scott Key-Smith. There had been so many radical changes to the Key House that it was considered wasteful and unnecessary to save. Key-Smith said, "I do not believe, taking the proper definition of the word 'restore', the building can be restored." [1] Key-Smith suggested demolishing the building and replacing it with a memorial fountain or obelisk. The NPS opposed this plan and insisted it would be capable of restoring the building. In April 1935, the NPS revealed their plan to restore it at a cost of $55,000. [1]

The Key House remained unchanged through the following year, by which time all other buildings had been demolished. A NPS official, Stuart M. Barnette, said the house was too different from the original design to warrant the cost of restoration. He also stated: "Only two things...would justify the restoration of any ancient structure reduced to the present physical state of the Key House...historical significance and architectural importance" and "It is my opinion that neither the ruins are of great architectural importance, nor was the man great whose name is associated with the structure." [1]

After the NPS purchased the C&O Canal in 1939, one plan for the Key House was to turn it into a recreation center and boating facility so that tourists could ride boats on the canal. [1] [13] The NPS shared this idea with members of the public, some of whom supported it, including the Progressive Citizens Association of Georgetown and the Georgetown Citizens Association. [1] [14]

Final years

It's possible that some of the building material from the Key House were used when restoring the Old Stone House. The Old Stone House.jpg
It's possible that some of the building material from the Key House were used when restoring the Old Stone House.

Ultimately, the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) approved city plans to build a ramp from the Whitehurst Freeway to the Key Bridge. The federal government wanted a quick way for drivers to exit the city during World War II and a faster way to reach The Pentagon, and the house stood in the way of doing that. Speaking on the idea of what to do with the house, Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes said "In view of the importance of the proposed highway project and the fact that approximately 50% of the structure has been altered and is not original, it is recommended that the house be demolished and that an appropriate marker be placed on or near the site." [1]

A few years later, local preservationists, including the Columbia Historical Society (CHS), fought to save the house from the wrecking ball. The group wanted the highway to be built slightly north, which would have resulted in the Georgetown Car Barn being demolished. The CHS also wanted its headquarters moved into the Key House, at a cost of $100,000. (equivalent to $2,174,822in 2023) Members of the group who supported this idea included Associate Supreme Court Justice Harold H. Burton and prominent locals. [15] [16] The plan was rejected, and as a compromise, the CHS asked for the Key House to be moved to an empty lot on the east side of the bridge. [1] A second plan was to move the Key House to a strip of land at 37th and Canal Streets NW. [17]

In 1948, Congress approved $65,000 (equivalent to $824,294in 2023) in funding to have the house dismantled and moved to a new location, but this was vetoed by President Harry S. Truman after the Bureau of the Budget announced it would be too costly to rebuild and maintain a replica. [2] [4] Before Truman vetoed the funding, work by the Alexander and Repass construction firm had already started on the site, with materials numbered and moved to a storage area underneath the Arlington Memorial Bridge. [1] [18] The building parts and brick foundation were left at the new location, and without funding approved for further work to be done, the materials remained untouched. It's unclear who moved or picked up the dismantled pieces, but over time, the pile grew smaller until there was nothing left. [4] [18] NPS historian Barry Mackintosh said, "After the reconstruction prospects died, so did much incentive for the Park Service to zealously guard the brick pile." [19] It's believed some of the parts were used when restoring the nearby Old Stone House, and Quality Hill allegedly incorporates the Key House doorway. [4] [18] [20] A planned memorial plaque or flagpole was to be installed by the NPS at the original site, but this did not occur. [1]

Memorial park

Francis Scott Key Memorial Park Francis Scott Key Memorial Park.jpg
Francis Scott Key Memorial Park

During the 1980s, a group of Georgetown Citizens formed the Francis Scott Key Park Foundation Inc. Its goal was to create a memorial park behind the Key House site because it would be a "fitting place to honor Key and provide an impressive gateway to the District." [21] In 1986, Congress authorized that the memorial should be built by the group. During the next few years, over $500,000 was raised, but the group needed an additional $800,000 in 1990 to complete the project. The plan was to overhaul the site's landscaping, which included planting 12,000 lilies, in addition to new irrigation, lighting, and a pergola. [21]

After raising $1.5 million for construction and a bronze bust of Key, the Francis Scott Key Memorial was officially opened on September 14, 1993, the 179th anniversary of when The Star-Spangled Banner was written. Hundreds of people attended the dedication, which began at St. John's Episcopal Church, and ended at the memorial park. The event was attended by Dionne Warwick, E. G. Marshall, Sandi Patti, and Mayor Sharon Pratt. A flag with fifteen stars and stripes, the same number as the Star-Spangled flag, was raised at the site. [22]

Design

Layout of the basement level Francis Scott Key House, 3518 M Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC HABS DC,GEO,42- (sheet 1 of 8).tif
Layout of the basement level

The Key House was a brick colonial; it was two-and-a-half stories tall facing the street, and three-and-a-half stories in the back. The back of the house, which included a framed porch, faced a descending hill that included a garden where Key grew plants that were in the shape of his children's names. [2] [3] A one-story addition used for office space was located on the west side of the house. When it was built, there were still large trees on the property. The house had a gabled roof and two large brick chimneys. In addition to the main house, there was an outhouse, smokehouse, and coach house. [3]

The house was three bays wide and featured dormer windows. One of the windows on the first floor was later renovated into a second entrance. [2] The exterior walls of the house were said to be 2 ft (0.61 m) thick while interior walls were 18 in (46 cm) thick. The chimneys were so large that one could allegedly build a new house with all of the bricks used in the two chimneys. [23]

The original floor plan included a door on the left side of the house. Once inside, there was a long hallway leading from the entrance. On the first floor were two parlors to the right of the hallway, and a sun porch facing the Potomac River. The basement level, which also faced the river, is where the kitchen, dining room, and cold room were located. There was another long hallway on the second floor that led to two bedrooms. There were four bedrooms on the third floor. [24]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Scott Key</span> American lawyer and poet (1779–1843)

Francis Scott Key was an American lawyer, author, and poet from Frederick, Maryland, best known as the author of the text of the American national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner". Key observed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in 1814 during the War of 1812. He was inspired upon seeing the American flag still flying over the fort at dawn and wrote the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry"; it was published within a week with the suggested tune of the popular song "To Anacreon in Heaven". The song with Key's lyrics became known as "The Star-Spangled Banner" and slowly gained in popularity as an unofficial anthem, finally achieving official status as the national anthem more than a century later under President Herbert Hoover.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Star-Spangled Banner</span> National anthem of the United States

"The Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics come from the "Defence of Fort M'Henry", a poem written by American lawyer Francis Scott Key on September 14, 1814, after he witnessed the bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British Royal Navy during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the large U.S. flag, with 15 stars and 15 stripes, known as the Star-Spangled Banner, flying triumphantly above the fort after the battle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rock Creek Park</span> Urban park in Washington, D.C., U.S.

Rock Creek Park is a large urban park that bisects the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. Created by Act of Congress in 1890, the park comprises 1,754 acres, generally along Rock Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Mall</span> Landscaped park in Washington, D.C.

The National Mall is a landscaped park near the downtown area of Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States. It contains and borders a number of museums of the Smithsonian Institution, art galleries, cultural institutions, and various memorials, sculptures, and statues. It is administered by the National Park Service (NPS) of the United States Department of the Interior as part of the National Mall and Memorial Parks unit of the National Park System. The park receives approximately 24 million visitors each year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)</span> Place in the United States

Georgetown is a historic neighborhood and commercial district in Northwest Washington, D.C., situated along the Potomac River. Founded in 1751 as part of the colonial-era Province of Maryland, Georgetown predated the establishment of Washington, D.C. by 40 years. Georgetown was an independent municipality until 1871 when the United States Congress created a new consolidated government for the entire District of Columbia. A separate act, passed in 1895, repealed Georgetown's remaining local ordinances and renamed Georgetown's streets to conform with those in Washington, D.C..

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fort McHenry</span> United States fort in Baltimore, Maryland

Fort McHenry is a historical American coastal pentagonal bastion fort on Locust Point, now a neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. It is best known for its role in the War of 1812, when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy from Chesapeake Bay on September 13–14, 1814.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosslyn, Virginia</span> Unincorporated area in Virginia

Rosslyn is a heavily urbanized unincorporated area in Northern Virginia located in the northeastern corner of Arlington County, Virginia, north of Arlington National Cemetery and directly across the Potomac River from Georgetown and Foggy Bottom in Washington, D.C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park</span> Historic site in Maryland and Washington, D.C.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park is located in the District of Columbia and the state of Maryland. The park was established in 1961 as a National Monument by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to preserve the neglected remains of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and many of its original structures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Key Bridge (Washington, D.C.)</span> Bridge in Washington, D.C., and Virginia, U.S.

The Francis Scott Key Bridge, more commonly known as the Key Bridge, is a six-lane reinforced concrete arch bridge carrying U.S. Route 29 (US 29) across the Potomac River between the Rosslyn neighborhood of Arlington County, Virginia, and the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Completed in 1923, it is Washington's oldest surviving road bridge across the Potomac River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Vernon Trail</span>

The Mount Vernon Trail (MVT) is an 18-mile (29 km) long shared use path that travels along the George Washington Memorial Parkway in Northern Virginia between Rosslyn and George Washington's home at Mount Vernon. The trail connects the easternmost portions of Arlington County, the City of Alexandria, and Fairfax County, and travels mostly on dedicated trail with a small portion on city streets. As part of U.S. Bike Route 1, the Potomac Heritage Trail and the East Coast Greenway, the MVT opened in April 1972 as a gravel path and was subsequently expanded and paved.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia</span>

Buildings, sites, districts, and objects in Virginia listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scott Circle</span>

Scott Circle is an area in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. that is centred on the junction of Massachusetts Avenue, Rhode Island Avenue, and 16th Street, N.W. Originally a neighborhood recreational area like nearby Dupont Circle, Scott has lost all social uses except as the location for public memorials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamilton Grange National Memorial</span> Historic house in Manhattan, New York

Hamilton Grange National Memorial is a historic house museum within St. Nicholas Park in the Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Operated by the National Park Service (NPS), the structure was the only home ever owned by the U.S. founding father Alexander Hamilton. The house contains exhibits for visitors, as well as various rooms with restored 19th-century interiors. Originally located near present-day 143rd Street, the house was moved in 1889 to 287 Convent Avenue before being relocated again in 2008 to St. Nicholas Park. The structure is a New York City designated landmark and a United States national memorial, and it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aqueduct Bridge (Potomac River)</span> Bridge between Georgetown, Washington, D.C., and Rosslyn, Virginia

The Aqueduct Bridge, also called the Alexandria Aqueduct, was a bridge that carried traffic between Georgetown, Washington, D.C., and Rosslyn, Virginia, from 1843 to 1923.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Route 29 in the District of Columbia</span> Highway in the District of Columbia

U.S. Route 29 (US 29) enters Washington, D.C., via the Key Bridge from Arlington County, Virginia, and exits at Silver Spring, Maryland. It predominantly follows city surface streets, although the portion of the route from the Key Bridge east to 26th Street Northwest is an elevated highway better known as the Whitehurst Freeway. The freeway, called the city's most ridiculed bridge in 1989, has survived several proposals for its demolition.

The Holliday Street Theater also known as the New Theatre, New Holliday, Old Holliday, The Baltimore Theatre, and Old Drury, was a historical theatrical venue in Federal Period Baltimore, Maryland. It is known for showing the first performance of Francis Scott Key's "The Star-Spangled Banner".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul J. Pelz</span> American architect (1841–1918)

Paul Johannes Pelz was a German-American architect, best known as the main architect of the Library of Congress in Washington DC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lockkeeper's House (Washington, D.C.)</span> United States historic place

The Lockkeeper's House is the oldest building on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1837 at what is now the southwest corner of 17th Street, NW and Constitution Avenue, NW, near Constitution Gardens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glover-Archbold Park</span> Park in Washington, D.C., U.S.

Glover Archbold Park is a 183-acre quasi-natural, stream-valley park in Northwest Washington, D.C., on the western edge of Georgetown University and adjacent to the Burleith-Hillandale, Glover Park, McLean Gardens, and Westchester neighborhoods. One of the "finger parks" of Rock Creek Park, the Glover-Archbold Park is administered by the National Park Service (NPS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis Scott Key Memorial</span>

Francis Scott Key Memorial is a park and memorial located in the District of Columbia neighborhood of Georgetown; at the intersection of 34th and M Streets, NW. This 0.77 acre site is administered by the National Park Service as a part of Rock Creek Park but is not contiguous with that park. Situated adjacent to the northeast corner of the Francis Scott Key Bridge, the park abuts to Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Mackintosh, Barry (July 1981). "The Loss of the Francis Scott Key House: Was It Really?". National Park Service. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Goode, James M. (2003). Capital Losses. Smithsonian. pp. 10–11. ISBN   9781588341051.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Leepson, Marc (2014). What So Proudly We Hailed: Francis Scott Key, A Life. St. Martin's Publishing Group. pp. 26, 222. ISBN   9781137278289. Archived from the original on 2023-12-20. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DeFerrari, John (January 31, 2010). "Lost Opportunities: The Key Mansion Saga". Streets of Washington. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 McNearney, Allison (August 15, 2017). "He Wrote 'The Star-Spangled Banner.' So How Did D.C. Lose Francis Scott Key's House?". Daily Beast. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  6. ↑ Wilson, Christopher (July 1, 2016). "Where's the Debate on Francis Scott Key's Slave-Holding Legacy?". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  7. ↑ "Oh, Say, Have You Seen the Now-Missing House of Francis Scott Key?". People. September 16, 1985. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ↑ Bonner, John; Curtis, George William; Alden, Henry Mills; Conant, Samuel Stillman; Schuyler, Montgomery; Foord, John; Davis, Richard Harding; Schurz, Carl; Nelson, Henry Loomis; Harvey, George Brinton Mcclellan; Bangs, John Kendrick; Hapgood, Norman (January 5, 1907). "The Home of the Author of America's National Anthem". Harper's Weekly. p. 274. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  9. ↑ "Patriotic". Evening Star. January 1, 1909. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  10. ↑ "National Gallery Gets Key Relics". The New York Times. September 12, 1929. ProQuest   104886867. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  11. ↑ "Famous Key Home Will Be Protected". Evening Star. May 24, 1932. p. C-8. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  12. ↑ "He Wrote America's National Anthem". The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. July 4, 1935. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  13. ↑ Winfield, Robert (May 19, 1940). "Plans for Key's Home". The New York Times. p. 144. ProQuest   105488881. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  14. ↑ "Planners O.K. Drafts for Two Traffic Projects". Evening Star. May 24, 1940. pp. B1. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  15. ↑ "History Society Plans Fight to Save Home of Francis Scott Key". Evening Star. May 26, 1946. pp. A-2. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  16. ↑ "Mason Refuses Place On Committee Trying to Save Key House". Evening Star. May 27, 1946. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  17. ↑ "Planners to Ask Waterfront Land Case Appeal". Evening Star. June 21, 1947. pp. A-10. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 Zito, Tom (May 13, 1981). "The Case of the Lost Landmark". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  19. ↑ Kelly, John (June 22, 2013). "O say can you see the missing Key house?". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  20. ↑ Orton, Kathy (June 13, 2014). "House of the Week: Georgetown mansion for $11M". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  21. 1 2 Armstrong, Jenice (June 28, 1990). "Finances Delay Francis Scott Key Memorial". The Washington Post. pp. J08. ProQuest   307283475. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  22. ↑ Kovaleski, Serge F. (September 15, 1993). "Hundreds Turn Out To Sing His Praises". The Washington Post. pp. C05. ProQuest   307682636. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Francis Scott Key's Home in Georgetown". La Junta Tribune. July 4, 1908. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
  24. ↑ Caemmerer, Hans Paul (1932). Washington, the National Capital. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 265. Archived from the original on 2023-12-20. Retrieved 2023-12-20.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.