Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and militant group,led since 1992 by its Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council,and its political wing is the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese Parliament.
Susan Strange was a British scholar who was "almost single-handedly responsible for creating international political economy." Notable publications include Sterling and British Policy (1971),Casino Capitalism (1986),States and Markets (1988),The Retreat of the State (1996),and Mad Money (1998).
Clarita Reyes Carlos is a Filipino political scientist and commentator,academic,and educator who last served as the National Security Adviser under the administration of President Bongbong Marcos from 2022 to 2023. As National Security Adviser,she concurrently served as the Director-General of the National Security Council and Vice Chairperson of the Anti-Terrorism Council. She served as the 16th President of the National Defense College of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001,becoming the first female and first civilian to lead the institution.
Margaret Levi is an American political scientist and author,noted for her work in comparative political economy,labor politics,and democratic theory,notably on the origins and effects of trustworthy government.
Vivien A. Schmidt is an American academic of political science and international relations. At Boston University,she is the Jean Monnet Chair of European Integration Professor of International Relations in the Pardee School of Global Studies,and Professor of Political Science. She is known for her work on political economy,policy analysis,democratic theory,and new institutionalism. She is a 2018 recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and has been named a Chevalier in the French Legion of Honor.
The University of Tennessee,Knoxville, is a public land-grant research university in Knoxville,Tennessee,United States. Founded in 1794,two years before Tennessee became the 16th state,it is the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee system,with ten undergraduate colleges and eleven graduate colleges. It hosts more than 30,000 students from all 50 states and more than 100 foreign countries. It is classified among "R1:Doctoral Universities –Very high research activity".
The nine-dash line,also referred to as the eleven-dash line by Taiwan,is a set of line segments on various maps that accompanied the claims of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China in the South China Sea. The contested area includes the Paracel Islands,the Spratly Islands,the Pratas Island and the Vereker Banks,the Macclesfield Bank,and the Scarborough Shoal. Certain places have undergone land reclamation by the PRC,ROC,and Vietnam. The People's Daily of the PRC uses the term Duànxùxiàn (断续线) or Nánhǎi Duànxùxiàn,while the ROC government uses the term Shíyīduàn xiàn.
Territorial disputes in the South China Sea involve conflicting island and maritime claims in the region by several sovereign states,namely the People's Republic of China (PRC),Taiwan,Brunei,Malaysia,the Philippines,and Vietnam. The disputes involve the islands,reefs,banks,and other features of the South China Sea,including the Spratly Islands,Paracel Islands,Scarborough Shoal,and various boundaries in the Gulf of Tonkin. The waters near the Indonesian Natuna Islands,which some regard as geographically part of the South China Sea,are disputed as well. Maritime disputes also extend beyond the South China Sea,as in the case of the Senkaku Islands and the Socotra Rock,which lie in the East China Sea.
The Republic of Cyprus (Cyprus) and Turkey have been engaged in a dispute over the extent of their exclusive economic zones (EEZ),ostensibly sparked by oil and gas exploration in the area. Turkey objects to Cypriot drilling in waters that Cyprus has asserted a claim to under international maritime law. The present maritime zones dispute touches on the perennial Cyprus and Aegean disputes;Turkey is the only member state of the United Nations that does not recognise Cyprus,and is one of the few not signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,which Cyprus has signed and ratified.
Shebaa is a town on the south-eastern tip of Lebanon. It has a largely Sunni Muslim population of 25,000 people. It is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level;spread across two steep rocky mountainsides. It lies adjacent to the contested Shebaa farms—which sit between the town and the Golan Heights. Before 1967,residents of Shebaa farmed in the disputed Shebaa farms territory.
The People's Republic of China emerged as a great power and one of the three big players in the tri-polar geopolitics (PRC-US-USSR) during the Cold War,after the Korean War in 1950-1953 and the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s,with its status as a recognized nuclear weapons state in 1960s. Currently,China has one of the world's largest populations,second largest GDP (nominal) and the largest economy in the world by PPP. China is now considered an emerging global superpower.
Lisa Martin is an American political scientist. She is a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin,Madison. She studies political institutions in international relations,including economic sanctions and cooperation between states. Martin was the first female editor of International Organization,where she also currently serves as a senior advisor to the journal's editorial board. In 2021,she was elected as president of the American Political Science Association for 2022-2023.
Maris Taylor Fravel is an American scholar and author. He specializes in the areas of international relations,international security and territorial disputes.
The Maritime Militia,also called the Fishing Militia,is one of the three forces,next to the China Coast Guard (CCG) and the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN),used in maritime operations by the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
China's salami slicing is a strategy by which the government of China uses small provocations,none of which would constitute a casus belli by itself,but cumulatively produce a much larger action or result in China's favor which would have been difficult or unlawful to perform all at once.
Keren Yarhi-Milo is an American political scientist specializing in the study of interstate communication,crisis bargaining,reputation and credibility,and the psychology of leaders and decision makers. She is the dean of the School of International and Public Affairs,Columbia University and the Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Relations at Columbia University. She is also a former director of the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia.
Virginia Page Fortna is an American political scientist,a specialist in the study of peace negotiations. She is currently the Harold Brown Professor of U.S. Foreign and Security Policy at Columbia University. She is the recipient of the 2010 Karl Deutsch Award from the International Studies Association.
Ingrid Johnsen Haas is an American political scientist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. She is an expert on political behavior,social psychology,and cognitive neurosciences. She researches the effect of emotions and identity on the expression of political attitudes.
Fotini Christia is a Greek political scientist. She is the Ford International Professor of the Social Sciences at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Caroline Kennedy-Pipe is a British political scientist,a military historian,and an expert on War Studies whose research interests include the contemporary history of war,the ethics of war,Cold War politics,terrorism,and Russian foreign policy. She is President of the British International Studies Association (BISA) and she was Chair of the BISA from 2004 to 2006.
