Kubachi language

Last updated
Kubachi
гӀюгъбугъан куб/гъай [1]
Pronunciation[ʡūˁʁbugankub/ʁaj]
Native to North Caucasus
Region Dagestan
Native speakers
7,000 (2020) [2]
Northeast Caucasian
Language codes
ISO 639-3 ugh
Glottolog kuba1248

Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people. [3] It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language. [2]

Contents

Phonology

Vowels

Vowel phonemes of Kubachi
Front Back
plain phar. plain phar.
close short[u] уu[uˤ] уӏü
long [uː] ууuu[uːˤ] ууӏüü
near-close short[ɪ] иi[ɪˤ] иӏï
long [ɪː] ииii[ɪːˤ] ииӏïï
open-mid short[ɛ] еe[ɛˤ] еӏë
long [ɛː] eeee[ɛːˤ] eeӏëë
open short[ɑ] аa[ɑˤ] аӏä
long [ɑː] aaaa[ɑːˤ] aaӏää

Consonants

The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.[ which? ]

Consonant phonemes of Kubachi
BilabialDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottal
plain labialized plain labialized
Nasal[m] мm[n] нn
Plosive voiced [b] бb[d] дd[g] гg[gʷ] гвgw[ʡ] гӏÿ[ʔ] ъy
aspirated [pʰ] пp[tʰ] тt[kʰ] кk[kʰʷ] квkw[qʰ] къq[qʰʷ] къвqw
fortis [pː] ппpp[tː] ттtt[kː] ккkk[kːʷ] кквkkw[qː] ккъqq[qːʷ] ккъвqqw
ejective [pʼ] пӏ[tʼ] тӏ[kʼ] кӏ[kʼʷ] кӏвkʼw[qʼ] кь[qʼʷ] кьвqʼw
Affricate aspirated [t͡sʰ] цc[t͡ʃʰ] чç[q͡χʰ] хъqx[q͡χʰʷ] хъвqxw
fortis [t͡sː] ццcc[t͡ʃː] ччçç
ejective [t͡sʼ] цӏ[t͡ʃʼ] чӏçʼ
Fricative voiced [z] зz[ʒ] ж[ʁ] гъĝ[ʁʷ] гъвĝw[ħ] хӏħ[h] гьh
plain[s] сs[ʃ] шş[x] хьĵ[xʷ] хьвĵw[χ] хx[χʷ] хвxw
fortis [sː] ссss[ʃː] шшşş[xː] ххьĵĵ[xːʷ] ххьвĵĵw[χː] ххxx[χːʷ] ххвxxw
Trill[r] рr
Approximant[w] вv[l] лl[j] йj

Alphabet

А а

/ɑ/

Б б

/b/

В в

/w/

Г г

/g/

Гъ гъ

/ʁ/

Гь гь

/ɦ/

Д д

/d/

Е е

/e/;/je/

Ё ё

/jɔ/

Ж ж

/ʒ/

З з

/z/

И и

/i/

Й й

/j/

К к

/k/

Кк кк

/kː/

Къ къ

/qʰ/

Кь кь

/qʼ/

Кӏ кӏ

/kʼ/

Л л

/l/

М м

/m/

Н н

/n/

О о

/n/

П п

/pʰ/

Пп пп

/pː/

Пӏ пӏ

/pʼ/

Р р

/r/

С с

/s/

Сс сс

/sː/

Т т

/t/

Тт тт

/tː/

Тӏ тӏ

/tʼ/

У у

/u/

Ф ф

/f/

Х х

/χ/

Хх хх

/χː/

Хъ хъ

/qʰ/

Хь хь

/x/

Хьхь хьхь

/xː/

Хӏ хӏ

/ʜ/;/ħ/

Ц ц

/ts/

Цц цц

/tsː/

Цӏ цӏ

/tsʼ/

Ч ч

/tʃ/

Чч чч

/tʃː/

Чӏ чӏ

/tʃʼ/

Ш ш

/ʃ/

Шш шш

/ʃː/

Ъ ъ

/ʔ/

Э э

/e/

Ю ю

/ju/

Я я

/ja/,/jə/

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalmyk Oirat</span> Oirat dialects spoken in Kalmykia, Russia

Kalmyk Oirat, commonly known as the Kalmyk language, is a variety of the Oirat language, natively spoken by the Kalmyk people of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. In Russia, it is the standard form of the Oirat language, which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Kalmyk people of the Northwest Caspian Sea of Russia claim descent from the Oirats from Eurasia, who have also historically settled in Mongolia and Northwest China. According to UNESCO, the language is "Definitely endangered". According to the Russian census of 2021, there are 110,000 speakers of an ethnic population consisting of 178,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)</span> Jewish dialect derived from the Tajik branch of the Persian language

Bukharian is a Judeo-Persian dialect historically spoken by the Bukharan Jews of Central Asia. It is a Jewish dialect derived from—and largely mutually intelligible with—the Tajik branch of the Persian language.

Shor is a critically endangered Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in a region called Mountain Shoriya, in the Kemerovo Province in Southwest Siberia, although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julian Scriabin</span> Russian composer

Julian Alexandrovich Scriabin was a Swiss-born Russian composer and pianist who was the youngest son of Alexander Scriabin and Tatiana de Schloezer.

Oleg Nikolayevich Trubachyov was a Russian linguist. A researcher of the etymology of Slavic languages and Slavic onomastics, he was considered a specialist in historical linguistics and lexicography. He was a Doctor of Sciences in Philological Sciences, an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and served as the editor-in-chief of the Etimologiya yearbook. His works are on the etymology of Slavic languages and on East Slavic onomastics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yakut scripts</span> Scripts used to write the Yakut language

There are 4 stages in the history of Yakut writing systems:

Apudessive case is used for marking a juxtaposing spatial relation, or location next to something. It is found in Tsez, Bezhta and other Northeast Caucasian languages. The name “Apudessive” derives from the Latin word apud, meaning “at” or “by.”

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dargin languages</span> Dialect continuum of Northeast Caucasian languages

The Dargin languages consist of a dialect continuum of Northeast Caucasian languages spoken by the Dargin people in southcentral Dagestan. Kajtak, Kubachi, Itsari, and Chirag are often considered dialects of the same Dargin/Dargwa language. Ethnologue lists these under a common Dargin language, but also states that these may be separate languages from Dargwa proper.

Dargwa is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. It is the literary and main dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Akusha dialect of Dargin.

Alexander Petrovich Kotsubinsky is a Russian psychiatrist, a spokesman of St. Petersburg psychiatric school.

<i>Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages</i>

The Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages: Proto-Slavic Lexical Stock is an etymological dictionary of the reconstructed Proto-Slavic lexicon. It has been continuously published since 1974 until present, in 43 volumes, making it one of the most comprehensive in the world.

Simbirsk Chuvash teacher's school is the training center for the creative intelligentsia of the Chuvash and other peoples of the Volga region. Center founded educator of Chuvash people I. Y. Yakovlev, October 28, 1868 in Simbirsk, the administrative center of the homonymous province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lopukhin family</span> Russian noble family

The Lopukhin family was a noble family of the Russian Empire, forming one of the branches of the Sorokoumov-Glebov family.

Mark Mendelevich Persits was a Soviet propagandist of atheism, a scientific worker in the study of problems of religion and atheism, a writer, and a historian of social thought.

The Komi language, a Uralic language spoken in the north-eastern part of European Russia, has been written in several different alphabets. Currently, Komi writing uses letters from the Cyrillic script. There have been five distinct stages in the history of Komi writing:

Since its inception in the 18th century and up to the present, it is based on the Cyrillic alphabet to write the Udmurt language. Attempts were also made to use the Latin alphabet to write the Udmurt language. In its modern form, the Udmurt alphabet was approved in 1937.

Kalenyk Vasyliovych Sheikovskyi was a Ukrainian linguist, ethnographer, publisher, teacher.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matvei Lyubavsky</span> Soviet academic and historian (1860–1936)

Matvey Kuzmich Lyubavsky was a Russian and Soviet historian, professor, academic and rector of the Moscow University from 1911 to 1917.

Khakass alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Khakas language.

Udege alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Udege language. During its existence, it functioned on different graphic bases and was repeatedly reformed. Currently, the Udege script functions on two versions of the Cyrillic alphabet for two emerging literary languages, but does not have a generally accepted norm. There are 2 stages in the history of Udege writing:

References

  1. 1 2 3 Коряков, Юрий (2021). "Даргинские языки и их классификация" [Dargwa languages and their classification]. In Майсак, Т. А.; Сумбатова, Н. Р.; Тестелец, Я. Г. (eds.). Дурхъаси Хазна. Сборник Статей К 60-Летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки ВедиДурхъаси хазна. Сборник статей к 60-летию Р. О. Муталова (in Russian). Буки Веди. pp. 139–154. ISBN   978-5-6045633-5-9.
  2. 1 2 Kubachi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed Access logo transparent.svg
  3. Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN   978-1-136-14274-1.