Kurokawia

Last updated

Kurokawia
Shaggy Fringe Lichen (4503078478).jpg
Kurokawia palmulata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Physciaceae
Genus: Kurokawia
S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2021)
Type species
Kurokawia isidiata
(Tomin) S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2021)
Species

K. bryorum
K. isidiata
K. mereschkowskii
K. palmulata
K. pseudoroemeri
K. runcinata
K. stippaea

Contents

Kurokawia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It has seven species of foliose lichens. [1] The genus, circumscribed in 2021, has Kurokawia isidiata as the type species. [2]

Taxonomy

The lichen genus Kurokawia was named in honour of Japanese lichenologist Syo Kurokawa (1926–2010), who authored a world monograph on the genus Anaptychia . The genus is distinct from Anaptychia, despite certain resemblances, primarily in its prosoplectenchymatous upper cortical layer. The type species of Kurokawia is Kurokawia isidiata . A total of six species were initially acknowledged members of the genus based on combined phylogenetic analyses. [2] An additional species was transferred to Kurokawia from Anaptychia in 2022. [3]

Description

Kurokawia is discernible by its foliose (leafy) thallus which is closely affixed to the substrate . When dry, the upper surface has hues ranging from light to dark brown but transitions to a dull olive green when moist. In contrast, the genus Anaptychia has typically lacked a well-formed lower cortex or possesses a poorly developed one. Characteristically, Kurokawia has simple, sparsely branched rhizines and shorter ascospores . In addition, it does not have the pale grey-white lateral cilia or tomentum observed on the upper surface of some Anaptychia species. The distinction between Kurokawia and the two groups within Anaptychia – the Anaptychia ciliaris group and the section Protoanaptychia – hinges on aspects like thallus type, the presence of a lower cortical layer, and unique morphological features. [2]

Habitat and distribution

Endemic to various global regions, Kurokawia thrives on hard coastal rocks, on turf, soil, and occasionally on tree bark, especially along pathways. The species Kurokawia isidiata is notably present in East Asia and extends to North America, specifically in Alaska. In the Mediterranean region, K. runcinata has been identified, while both K. bryorum and K. palmulata are sparsely found in the Northern Hemisphere. [2]

Species

As of September 2023, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts seven species of Kurokawia. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of its frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous. Collectively, the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Although most members either live on rock or on bark, about 40 species are lichenicolous–meaning they live on other lichens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Physciaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family.

<i>Anaptychia</i> Genus of lichens

Anaptychia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae.

Agonimia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae.

<i>Gyalidea</i> Genus of lichen

Gyalidea is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Gomphillaceae. It has 50 species.

<i>Gyalolechia</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.

<i>Protoparmeliopsis</i> Genus of lichen

Protoparmeliopsis is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling, crustose lichens in the family Lecanoraceae. It has about 20 species. The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Maurice Choisy in 1929.

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Squamulea</i> Genus of lichens

Squamulea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén, with Squamulea subsoluta assigned as the type species. Five species were included in the original account of the genus. The genus name alludes to the squamulose growth form of most of its species. Squamulea has a worldwide distribution; when the genus was originally created, the centre of distribution was thought to be in southwestern North America.

Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.

Neobrownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Jack Elix, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Neobrownliella brownlieae assigned as the type species. It is a segregate of the large genus Caloplaca. Characteristics of Neobrownliella include a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple. Two species were included in the original circumscription of the genus; an additional three species were added in 2020.

Bryostigma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. The genus was circumscribed in 1979 by Josef Poelt and Peter Döbbeler, with the muscicolous lichen Bryostigma leucodontis assigned as the type species. A dozen Arthonia species were transferred into the genus in 2020 following molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Arthoniaceae that showed distinct phylogenetic lineages that were basal to that family. The genus contains several parasitic species that occur on hosts having chlorococcoid photobionts.

Kashiwadia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in Sergey Kondratyuk, László Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2014 to contain the species Physcia orientalis, after molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the taxon occupied an isolated phylogenetic position in the Physciaceae. An additional five species were added to the genus in 2021. The genus name honours Japanese lichenologist Hiroyuki Kashiwadani, who originally described the type species.

Opeltiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Candelariaceae. The genus, established by Sergey Kondratyuk in 2020, has four species. It is differentiated from the similar genus Candelaria by its unique features such as eight-spored asci and absence of a lower cortical layer and true rhizines. The genus is characterised by its areolate to more or less squamulose or foliose thallus and the unique chemical substances it contains, such as calycin, pulvinic and vulpinic acids, and pulvinic acid lactone.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

<i>Zeroviella</i> Genus of lichens

Zeroviella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has eight saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species. Zeroviella was segregated from Rusavskia, a closely related genus, in 2015.

<i>Opeltia</i> Genus of lichens

Opeltia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

<i>Erichansenia</i> Genus of lichens

Erichansenia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Klauskalbia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It has four species of foliose lichens.

<i>Kurokawia palmulata</i> Species of lichen

Kurokawia palmulata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 "Kurokawia". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Jeong, M.-H.; Oh, S.-O.; Kondratiuk, A.S.; Farkas, E.; Hur, J.-S. (2021). "Contributions to molecular phylogeny of lichen-forming fungi 2. Review of current monophyletic branches of the family Physciaceae" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 63 (3–4): 351–390. doi:10.1556/034.63.2021.3-4.8. S2CID   239503884.
  3. 1 2 Hollinger, Jason; Noell, Nastassja; Gasparyan, Arsen; Rockefeller, Alan; Leavitt, Steven D. (2022). "Two new species of Anaptychia (Physciaceae) from western North America, with notes on the other species of section Protoanaptychia". The Bryologist. 125 (4): 571–601. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-125.4.571. S2CID   255226446.
  4. ↑ Poelt, J. (1971). "Über einige fur Nordamerika neue Flechten" [About some lichens new to North America]. The Bryologist. 74 (2): 154–158. doi:10.2307/3241830. JSTOR   3241830.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.