Lachin corridor

Last updated

2020-2022 map of the Lachin corridor following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement. The new route currently in use is located to the south of the Goris-Stepanakert highway. Lachin Corridor 2020.png
2020–2022 map of the Lachin corridor following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement. The new route currently in use is located to the south of the Goris-Stepanakert highway.
Azerbaijani Checkpoint to the Lachin Corridor at the Hakari Bridge, viewed from Kornidzor, Republic of Armenia. The checkpoint was installed on April 23, 2023 in violation of the Tripartite Ceasefire Agreement that ended the 2020 war. Azerbaijani Checkpoint at the Lachin Corridor, as viewed from Kornidzor, Republic of Armenia.jpg
Azerbaijani Checkpoint to the Lachin Corridor at the Hakari Bridge, viewed from Kornidzor, Republic of Armenia. The checkpoint was installed on April 23, 2023 in violation of the Tripartite Ceasefire Agreement that ended the 2020 war.

The Lachin corridor [lower-alpha 1] is a mountain road in Azerbaijan that links Armenia and Karabakh. [1]

Contents

Being the only road between these two territories, it was considered a humanitarian corridor or "lifeline" to the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. [2] [3] [4] [5] The corridor is in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan, but was ostensibly under the control of a Russian peacekeeping force as provided for in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh armistice agreement. The territory of the corridor included the villages of Zabukh, Sus and the city of Lachin itself until 2022. On 26 August 2022, these settlements were transferred to Azerbaijani control. Four days later, a new route to the south was opened for use that bypasses the settlements of Zabukh, Sus and Lachin and instead passes by the villages of Mets Shen/Boyuk Galadarasi and Hin Shen/Kichik Galadarasi. [6]

Azerbaijan conducted a blockade of the Lachin corridor from December 2022 to September 2023, which was criticized by numerous countries, international organizations, and human rights groups, [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] many of which considered it a violation of the ceasefire agreement that ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. On April 23, 2023, Azerbaijani officials set up a checkpoint in the corridor, claiming it was meant to prevent "illegal" transport of military supplies and natural resources, [13] [14] however, the republics of Armenia and Artsakh have denied these allegations and the ceasefire agreement does not explicitly limit the use of the Lachin corridor to humanitarian needs. [15] After a renewed offensive in September 2023, Azerbaijani forces took control of the entirety of Nagorno-Karabakh, [16] which was followed by the exodus of almost all of the Armenian inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh into Armenia through the Lachin corridor. [17]

History

During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Nagorno-Karabakh and neighbouring Armenia were blockaded in August 1989, with Azerbaijan severing transport and economic links both between Armenia and Azerbaijan and between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia. [18] In May 1992, forces of the Nagorno-Karbakh Republic captured Lachin and established a land connection with Armenia, ending the blockade. [19] [20] [21] [2] After the end of the war, the status of the Lachin corridor was one of the major issues of the peace negotiations between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Various configurations were proposed for the status of the corridor. In one round of negotiations in 1999, it was proposed that Azerbaijan would accept Armenian control over the corridor in exchange for a land corridor through southern Armenia to connect it to its exclave Nakhchivan. [22] In a statement to the United Nations on 18 September 2005, Foreign Minister of Azerbaijan Elmar Mammadyarov stated that Azerbaijan was in favor of the deploynent of a multinational peacekeeping force "at the initial stage" to ensure security along the Lachin corridor for bilateral use. [23]

In the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, which ended with a Russian-brokered armistice, the Lachin corridor became the sole connection between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. [2] The armistice agreement provided: [24]

The Republic of Armenia shall return [...] the Lachin District by December 1, 2020. The Lachin Corridor (5 km wide), which will provide a connection between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia while not passing through the territory of Shusha, shall remain under the control of the Russian Federation peacemaking forces.

As agreed by the Parties, within the next three years, a plan will be outlined for the construction of a new route via the Lachin Corridor, to provide a connection between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia, and the Russian peacemaking forces shall be subsequently relocated to protect the route.

The Republic of Azerbaijan shall guarantee the security of persons, vehicles and cargo moving along the Lachin Corridor in both directions.

Following the ceasefire, around 200 Armenians remained in the Lachin corridor, with 30 of them in Sus, 100 to 120 in Lachin, and over 40 in Zabukh (Aghavno). [25] President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev announced that a new corridor would be built in the region, as the Lachin corridor passes through the city of Lachin. [26] On August 26, control of the Lachin District was transferred to Azerbaijan. Artsakh authorities gave the residents of the villages along the corridor 20 days' notice to evacuate. [27] [28] While Aliyev promised that long-term Armenian residents of Nagorno-Karabakh would be treated as citizens, he branded the remaining residents as illegal settlers and demanded that they be removed. [29] [30]

In March 2021, a journalist for BBC visited the road, reporting that "since the war, Armenians have had no control over who and what uses this road", adding that control is now up to the Russians. [31] Azerbaijan said that it installed video surveillance cameras along the Lachin corridor. [32] Being the only road that connects Nagorno-Karabakh to the Republic of Armenia, it has often been described as a "lifeline" to and for residents of Nagorno-Karabakh. [33] [34] [2]

Situation after the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (2020)

In August 2022, Azerbaijan built its part of the road around Lachin, while Armenia had not. On 2 August, the local Armenian authorities reported that the Azerbaijani side had conveyed to them a demand to organize communication with Armenia along a different route, bypassing the existing one. [35] Following the renewed clashes around Lachin, Secretary of the Security Council of Armenia Armen Grigoryan stated that Azerbaijan's demand for the Lachin corridor was unlawful, since the Armenian side has not yet agreed to any plan for the construction of a new road. Azerbaijan accused Armenia of delaying the construction of its part of the road, while the part for which Azerbaijan was responsible had already been built. On 4 August, the Minister of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure of Armenia, Gnel Sanosyan, stated that the construction of an alternative road to Lachin was actively underway and would be completed the spring of 2023. [36] On 5 August, local Armenian authorities told the residents of Lachin, as well as Zabukh and Sus, to leave their homes by 25 August, after which the towns would be handed over to Azerbaijan. [37] [38] Some of the Armenian inhabitants burned their houses down. [39] As of 26 August, Azerbaijan regained control of villages in the Lachin corridor, including Lachin, Sus, and Zabukh. [40] Soon after, the alternate route to the south that passes by the villages of Mets Shen/Boyuk Galadarasi and Hin Shen/Kichik Galadarasi opened for use. [6] [41]

On 12 December 2022, citizens of Azerbaijan claiming to be "eco-activists" launched a blockade of the Lachin corridor, [42] [43] leaving 1,100 people, including 270 children, unable to return to their homes. [44] [45] This was followed by Azerbaijan cutting off the gas supply from Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh (between 13 and 16 December), putting the 120,000 Armenian residents of Nagorno-Karabakh at risk of humanitarian crisis. [46] [47] The blockade was condemned by France, Greece, the Netherlands, Russia, Canada, and a number of other countries. [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] The issue was also discussed in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. [53] [54]

On April 23, 2023, Azerbaijani officials set up a checkpoint in the corridor, claiming it was meant to prevent "illegal" transport of military supplies and natural resources. [13] [14] These claims were earlier denied by Armenian authorities. [55]

Detentions of Armenians

On 29 July 2023, Azerbaijani troops detained Vagif Khachatryan, an Armenian resident of Nagorno-Karabakh, while he was crossing through the Lachin corridor to Armenia for medical treatment. Khachatryan was part of a larger group travelling to Armenia with the help of the International Committee of the Red Cross. [56] Khachatryan was then taken to Baku. [57] Azerbaijani authorities allege that Khachatryan was involved in violence against Azerbaijanis in the village of Meshali during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, charging him with "genocide" and "deportation or forced movement of the population" under Azerbaijan's Criminal Code. [58]

On 28 August 2023, three young Armenian men from Nagorno-Karabakh, Alen Sargsyan, Vahe Hovsepyan and Levon Grigoryan, were detained by Azerbaijani security forces while passing through the Lachin corridor to Armenia. The men were being escorted by Russian peacekeepers. [59] Azerbaijani authorities and media said that the men were being charged with "disrespecting the Azerbaijani flag" in a 2021 social media video. The three men were later said to have had their criminal charges dropped "considering the age of the accused individuals, their sincere remorse, and compliance with the requirements of procedural legislation." According to the APA news agency, the three will spend 10 days in administrative detention before being expelled from Azerbaijan. [60] [61]

September 2023 offensive

After a renewed offensive in September 2023, Azerbaijani forces took control of the entirety of Nagorno-Karabakh, [16] which was followed by the exodus of almost all of the Armenian inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh into Armenia through the Lachin corridor. [17]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Armenian: Լաչինի միջանցք, romanized: Lachini mijantsk; Azerbaijani: Laçın dəhlizi or Laçın koridoru; Russian: Лачи́нский коридо́р, romanized: Lachinskiy koridor

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic of Artsakh</span> Former breakaway state in the South Caucasus

Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh or the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, was a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory was internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Between 1991 and 2023, Artsakh controlled parts of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, including its capital Stepanakert. It had been an enclave within Azerbaijan from the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war until the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive, when the Azerbaijani military took control over the remaining territory controlled by Artsakh. Its only overland access route to Armenia after the 2020 war was via the 5 km (3.1 mi) wide Lachin corridor, which was placed under the supervision of Russian peacekeeping forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</span> 1988–2024 conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict was an ethnic and territorial conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, inhabited mostly by ethnic Armenians until 2023, and seven surrounding districts, inhabited mostly by Azerbaijanis until their expulsion during the 1990s. The Nagorno-Karabakh region was entirely claimed by and partially controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, but was recognized internationally as part of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan gradually re-established control over Nagorno-Karabakh region and the seven surrounding districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lachin</span> Place in Azerbaijan

Lachin is a town in Azerbaijan and the administrative centre of the Lachin District. It is located within the strategic Lachin corridor, which linked the region of Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arayik Harutyunyan</span> President of Artsakh from 2020 to 2023 (born 1973)

Arayik Vladimiri Harutyunyan is an Armenian politician who served as the fourth president of the Republic of Artsakh from May 2020 to September 2023. Under his predecessor Bako Sahakyan, he served as the sixth and last Prime Minister from 2007 until the abolishment of that position in 2017 and as the first State Minister of the Republic of Artsakh from 2017 until his resignation in 2018. Harutyunyan led Artsakh through the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War with Azerbaijan, during which the republic lost most of the territory under its control. He resigned on 1 September 2023 in the midst of the Azerbaijani blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zabukh</span> Place in Lachin, Azerbaijan

Zabukh or Aghavno is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. The village came under the control of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh after 1992 and was renamed Aghavno and settled by Armenians. Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Zabukh came under the control of the Russian peacekeeping forces in Nagorno-Karabakh. On 26 August 2022, Azerbaijan regained control of Zabukh along with other settlements located along the former route of the Lachin corridor, including Lachin and Sus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sus, Lachin</span> Place in Lachin, Azerbaijan

Sus is a village in Lachin District of Azerbaijan. It was formerly under the supervision of the Russian peacekeeping force following the ceasefire agreement that ended the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. The village came under the de facto control of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh from 1992–2022, administrated as part of its Kashatagh Province, and is de jure part of the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. As of 26 August 2022, Azerbaijan regained control of villages in the Lachin corridor, including Lachin, Sus, and Zabukh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tugh (village)</span> Place in Khojavend, Azerbaijan

Tugh or Togh is a village in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had a mixed Armenian-Azerbaijani population before the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Azerbaijani inhabitants fled the fighting in 1991, and the Armenian population fled the village during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh</span> Formerly occupied territories of Azerbaijan

The Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh were areas of Azerbaijan, situated around the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), which were occupied by the ethnic Armenian military forces of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh with military support from Armenia, from the end of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994) to 2020, when the territories were returned to Azerbaijani control by military force or handed over in accordance to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement. The surrounding regions were seized by Armenians under the justification of a "security belt" which was to be traded for recognition of autonomous status from Azerbaijan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lachin District</span> District of Azerbaijan

Lachin District is one of the 69 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country, belonging to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Kalbajar, Khojaly, Shusha, Khojavend, Qubadli, and the Syunik Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Lachin. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 78,600.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh</span> Status of a disputed region in the Caucasus

The political status of Nagorno-Karabakh remained unresolved from its declaration of independence on 10 December 1991 to its September 2023 collapse. During Soviet times, it had been an ethnic Armenian autonomous oblast of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a conflict arose between local Armenians who sought to have Nagorno-Karabakh join Armenia and local Azerbaijanis who opposed this.

The Lachin offensive was a military operation launched by Azerbaijan against the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh and their Armenian allies along the Armenia–Azerbaijan border during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, with the suspected goal of taking control of the Lachin corridor. The offensive began in mid-October, when the Azerbaijani forces advanced into Qubadlı and Laçın Districts after capturing Zəngilan. On 25 October, the Azerbaijani forces seized control of the city of Qubadlı.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh</span> Peacekeeping operations in a disputed region in the Caucasus

In the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, peacekeeping operations were initiated by Russia in the Nagorno-Karabakh region to monitor the ceasefire between the Armenian and Azerbaijani forces. Separate from the Russian operation, Turkey also has personnel working in a joint Russian–Turkish monitoring centre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis</span> Political and military crisis on the Armenia–Azerbaijan border

The military forces of Armenia and Azerbaijan have been engaged in a border conflict since 12 May 2021, when Azerbaijani soldiers crossed several kilometers into Armenia in the provinces of Syunik and Gegharkunik. Despite international calls for withdrawal from the European Parliament, the United States, and France, Azerbaijan has maintained its presence on Armenian soil, occupying at least 215 square kilometres (83 sq mi) of internationally recognized Armenian territory. This occupation follows a pattern of Azerbaijan provoking cross-border fights and instigating ceasefire violations when its government is unhappy with the pace of negotiations with Armenia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zangezur corridor</span> Hypothetical geopolitical corridor

The Zangezur corridor is a concept for a transport corridor which, if implemented, would give Azerbaijan unimpeded access to Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic without Armenian checkpoints via Armenia's Syunik Province and, in a broad sense, for the geopolitical corridor that would connect Turkey to the rest of the Turkic world thereby "uniting it". The concept was not part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement but was introduced to geopolitical lexicon later by Ilham Aliyev. It has since been promoted by Azerbaijan and Turkey, while Armenia has steadily objected to it, asserting that "corridor logic" deviates from the ceasefire statement, and that it is a form of propaganda.

Events of the year 2023 in Armenia.

This is a list of individuals and events related to Azerbaijan in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh</span> Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

The blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh was an event in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The region was disputed between Azerbaijan and the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan, which had an ethnic Armenian population and was supported by neighbouring Armenia, until the dissolution of Republic of Artsakh on 28 September 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh</span> Military offensive by Azerbaijan

Between 19 and 20 September 2023, Azerbaijan launched a large-scale military offensive against the self-declared breakaway state of Artsakh, a move seen as a violation of the ceasefire agreement signed in the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020. The offensive took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, which is de jure a part of Azerbaijan, and was a de facto independent republic. The stated goal of the offensive was the complete disarmament and unconditional surrender of Artsakh, as well as the withdrawal of all ethnic Armenian soldiers present in the region. The offensive occurred in the midst of an escalating crisis caused by Azerbaijan blockading Artsakh, which has resulted in significant scarcities of essential supplies such as food, medicine, and other goods in the affected region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians</span> 2023 exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh

On 19–20 September 2023 Azerbaijan initiated a military offensive in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region which ended with the surrender of the self-declared Republic of Artsakh and the disbandment of its armed forces. Up until the military assault, the region was internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but governed and populated by ethnic Armenians.

References

  1. ↑ "Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 December 2020. The Russian peacekeeping force of some 2,000 troops has deployed to the administrative centre of the region, Stepanakert, and set up checkpoints and observation posts along the strategic Lachin corridor connecting Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Lachin is a ghost-town -- a crowd of burned-out,..." UPI. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  3. ↑ Potier, Tim (2001). Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: a legal appraisal. The Hague: Kluwer law international. p. 194. ISBN   978-90-411-1477-8.
  4. ↑ German, Tracey (September 2015). "Negotiating Armenian-Azerbaijani peace: opportunities, obstacles, prospects. By Ohannes Geukjian". International Affairs. 91 (5): 92. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12424. ISSN   0020-5850. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  5. ↑ "France calls on Azerbaijan to reopen humanitarian corridor with Armenia". France 24. 28 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  6. 1 2 Shahverdyan, Lilit; Kucera, Joshua (15 September 2022). "Armenians warily travel along "the new road" to Karabakh | Eurasianet". Eurasianet . Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  7. ↑ Kitachayev, Bashir (16 December 2022). "Azerbaijani roadblock cuts tens of thousands off from food, fuel and medicine". openDemocracy . Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  8. ↑ "Azerbaijan closes Lachin Corridor to install checkpoint". OC Media. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  9. ↑ "PACE rapporteur seeks to visit Lachin corridor". OC Media. 25 April 2023. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  10. ↑ Ahmedbeyli, Samira (24 April 2023). "Azerbaijan has installs checkpoint at entrance to Lachin road. Information and comments from Baku and Yerevan". English Jamnews. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "PRESS RELEASE : Checkpoint on the Lachin Corridor – UK statement to the OSCE [April 2023] – UKPOL.CO.UK". 27 April 2023. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  12. ↑ Canada, Global Affairs (25 April 2023). "Canada concerned with latest developments in Lachin Corridor". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  13. 1 2 Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Azerbaijan Says Set Up Checkpoint On Key Route To Armenia". www.barrons.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  14. 1 2 "Azerbaijan installs checkpoint on road to Nagorno-Karabakh amid fatal clashes". POLITICO. 23 April 2023. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  15. ↑ Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly. "Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee):The honouring of obligations and commitments by Armenia: Information note following the visit in Armenia from 17 to 19 February 2023". Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023. The Trilateral Statement contains no provision limiting explicitly the use of this road to humanitarian needs.
  16. 1 2 Roth, Andrew (24 September 2023). "First evacuees from Nagorno-Karabakh cross into Armenia". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  17. 1 2 Sauer, Pjotr (2 October 2023). "'It's a ghost town': UN arrives in Nagorno-Karabakh to find ethnic Armenians have fled". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  18. ↑ Kambeck, Michael; Ghazaryan, Sargis, eds. (2013). Europe's Next Avoidable War. p. 25. doi:10.1057/9781137030009. ISBN   978-1-349-33644-9. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023. 1989 August: Azerbaijan imposes a railway blockade on Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, abrogating fundamental principles of Soviet solidarity.
  19. ↑ "CASE OF CHIRAGOV AND OTHERS v. ARMENIA". HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023. The capture of these two towns [Lachin and Shusha/Shushi] had been deemed necessary by the "NKR" forces in order to stop Azerbaijani war crimes and open up a humanitarian corridor to Armenia.
  20. ↑ Green, Anna (20 March 2017). "Spotlight Karabakh". EVN Report. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023. On May 18, [1992] the Karabakh Army entered Lachin (Kashatagh), thus ending the three-year blockade.
  21. ↑ "Dates and facts around Nagorno-Karabakh's 30-year long conflict". euronews. 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  22. ↑ De Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. New York University Press. pp. 263–264. ISBN   0-8147-1944-9.
  23. ↑ "UN General Assembly 2005" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  24. ↑ "Statement by President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and President of the Russian Federation". Kremlin.ru . 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  25. ↑ Sara Petrosyan (22 February 2021). "Փոքրաթիվ հայեր դեռևս բնակվում են Քաշաթաղում, բայց դա ռուսների քմահաճույքով է պայմանավորված". hetq.am. Hetq. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  26. ↑ "İlham Əliyev: "Yeni dəhliz hazır olandan sonra Laçın şəhəri bizə qaytarılacaq"". BBC Azerbaijani Service (in Azerbaijani). 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  27. ↑ "Karabakh authorities demand villagers quickly evacuate ahead of handover to Azerbaijan | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  28. ↑ "Fears for new Nagorno-Karabakh crisis as Azerbaijan threatens key road link | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  29. ↑ "Illegally settled people should be removed from the city of Lachin, the villages of Zabukh and Sus: Azerbaijan's President". Apa.az. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  30. ↑ "Azerbaijan retakes control of three Karabakh settlements | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  31. ↑ "Who Won the Karabakh War?". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 26 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  32. ↑ ahmedbeyli, samira (14 September 2021). "Customs payments for Iranian trucks: what is happening at the Armenian-Azerbaijani border". English Jamnews. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  33. ↑ "The Lachin Corridor: Russian Peacekeepers Securing Artsakh's Lifeline". CIVILNET. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  34. ↑ "Fears for new Nagorno-Karabakh crisis as Azerbaijan threatens key road link | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  35. ↑ "Обострение в Нагорном Карабахе: что происходит и почему это важно". BBC News Русская Служба. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  36. ↑ "Новая война в Карабахе? В Баку и Ереване винят друг друга и оглядываются на Москву". BBC News Русская Служба. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  37. ↑ "Lachin residents given 20 days to leave homes ahead of Azerbaijan handover". OC Media. 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  38. ↑ LLC, Helix Consulting. "Айк Ханумян предупредил жителей Ахавно и Бердзора, что до 25 августа они должны покинуть свои дома – главы общин - aysor.am - Горячие новости из Армении". www.aysor.am. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  39. ↑ Узел, Кавказский. "Азербайджанские пожарные прибыли в Лачин после поджогов армянами своих домов". Кавказский Узел. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  40. ↑ "Azerbaijani forces are stationed in Lachin, Karabakh: President Aliyev". Daily Sabah. 26 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  41. ↑ ahmedbeyli, samira (14 September 2021). "Customs payments for Iranian trucks: what is happening at the Armenian-Azerbaijani border". English Jamnews. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  42. ↑ "Азербайджанские "активисты" блокируют дорогу из Карабаха в Армению. Одновременно в Карабахе пропал газ" [Azerbaijani "activists" are blocking the road from Karabakh to Armenia. At the same time, gas disappeared in Karabakh]. BBC News Русская Служба. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  43. ↑ "Armenia, Azerbaijan tensions rise over blocked road". news.yahoo.com. 15 December 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  44. ↑ "Azerbaijanis again block the road to Karabakh". Eurasianet . 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  45. ↑ "Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh". Caucasian Knot . 19 December 2022. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  46. ↑ Gray, Sébastien (13 December 2022). "Azerbaijan Cuts off Gas to Artsakh, Blocks Lachin Corridor". Atlas News. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  47. ↑ "Азербайджан возобновил подачу газа в Нагорный Карабах". Kommersant . 16 December 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  48. ↑ "Foreign Ministry calls on Azerbaijan to end Lachin corridor blockade | eKathimerini.com". www.ekathimerini.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  49. ↑ "UN Chief Urges Reopening Of Karabakh-Armenia Corridor". www.azatutyun.am. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  50. ↑ "Lachin Corridor: Greece calls on Azerbaijani authorities to ensure security of movement". news.am. 23 June 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  51. ↑ "French Foreign Ministry urges to resume traffic via Lachin corridor". tass.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  52. ↑ "Reports are concerning: Dutch PM comments on situation in Lachin Corridor". armenpress.am. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  53. ↑ "PACE decides to discuss Azerbaijan's closure of Lachin corridor". News.am. 23 June 2023. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  54. ↑ "PACE's debates on Lachin corridor are scheduled for January 26". News.am. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  55. ↑ "Armenia Warns Of 'New Azeri Aggression'". Azatutyun . 8 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  56. ↑ "Azerbaijan Detains Artsakh Citizen Travelling to Armenia for Medical Treatment". Hetq . 29 July 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  57. ↑ Sarkisova, Anya; Aleksanyan, Narek (31 July 2023). "Daughter of Vagif Khachatryan, Detained by Azerbaijani Border Guards, Pleads for His Return". Hetq . Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  58. ↑ Shahverdyan, Lilit; Isayev, Heydar (31 July 2023). "Azerbaijan arrests Nagorno-Karabakh resident during medical evacuation for "war crime"". Eurasianet . Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  59. ↑ Stepanian, Ruzanna (28 August 2023). "Three More Karabakh Men Arrested By Azerbaijan (UPDATED)". Azatutyun (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  60. ↑ "Three more Armenians detained at Azerbaijan's Lachin checkpoint". Eurasianet . 29 August 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  61. ↑ "Ադրբեջանը ձերբակալված հայ երիտասարդներին ազատ կարձակի" [Azerbaijan will release the arrested Armenian youths]. CivilNet (in Armenian). 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

39°36′31″N46°32′41″E / 39.60861°N 46.54472°E / 39.60861; 46.54472

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.