List of Dutch (in)formateurs and scouts

Last updated

Herman Tjeenk Willink receives his assignment as informateur from Speak of the House Vera Bergkamp during the 2021-2022 cabinet formation. He was also informateur during the 1994 (twice), 1999, 2010 and 2017 cabinet formation. As administrative secretary, he was also involved in the 1972 and 1977 cabinet formation. Tjeenk Willink ontvangt opdracht van Bergkamp.jpg
Herman Tjeenk Willink receives his assignment as informateur from Speak of the House Vera Bergkamp during the 2021-2022 cabinet formation. He was also informateur during the 1994 (twice), 1999, 2010 and 2017 cabinet formation. As administrative secretary, he was also involved in the 1972 and 1977 cabinet formation.

This is a list of Dutch informateurs, formateurs and scouts who have served in a Dutch cabinet formation since 1848.

Contents

The role of formateur has existed since the first cabinet formation in 1848. [2] In general, formateurs are instructed to form a cabinet. The formateur is often the intended Prime Minister. However, some formateurs were instructed to do preliminary informing work. [lower-alpha 1] [2] Until 2017, [3] it was customary for a formateur not to accept the assignment immediately, but to consider it until the formateur believes there is certainty that the cabinet can be formed. [2] With the introduction of the scout and the informateur, the formateur has since 1982 mainly been concerned with finding the personnel of the cabinet. [4]

In 1951, a separate role was created for the preliminary informing work; the informateur. Since that year, there has not been a formation without an informateur, although this has been attempted five times. Since 1989, it has been customary for the first informateur to receive an assignment to explore the possibilities for a cabinet within a short period of time. This has been a separate role since 2012; the scout. Since that same year, the informateurs and scouts are appointed by the House of Representatives, instead of the monarch who had done so until then. [5] For all roles, the first one usually comes from the largest party. [6] [7]

List

NameStarting dateDaysRolePolitical affiliationFormationRef.
 
Richard van Zwol
 		22 May 202412Formateur CDA 2023–2024 [8]
20 March 202458Informateur
Elbert Dijkgraaf SGP
Kim Putters 14 February 202430Informateur PvdA
Ronald Plasterk 13 December 202362Informateur PvdA
28 November 202314Scout
Gom van Strien 24 November 20234Scout PVV
Mark Rutte 16 December 202125Formateur VVD 2021–2022 [9] [10]
Wouter Koolmees 5 October 202171Informateur D66
 
Johan Remkes
 		 VVD
7 September 202123Informateur
Mariëtte Hamer 12 May 2021113Informateur PvdA
Herman Tjeenk Willink 6 April 202124Informateur PvdA
Tamara van Ark 25 March 20218Scout VVD
Wouter Koolmees D66
Annemarie Jorritsma 18 March 20218Scout VVD
Kajsa Ollongren D66
Mark Rutte 12 October 201714Formateur VVD 2017 [11] [12]
Gerrit Zalm 28 June 2017105Informateur VVD
Herman Tjeenk Willink 30 May 201729Informateur PvdA
Edith Schippers 28 March 201763Informateur VVD
16 March 201711Scout
Mark Rutte 31 October 20125Formateur VVD 2012 [13] [14]
Wouter Bos 20 September 201242Informateur PvdA
 
Henk Kamp
 		 VVD
13 September 20126Scout
Mark Rutte 7 October 20108Formateur VVD 2010 [15] [16]
Ivo Opstelten 13 September 201025Informateur VVD
Herman Tjeenk Willink 7 September 20107Informateur PvdA
Ivo Opstelten 4 August 201032Informateur VVD
Ruud Lubbers 21 July 201014Informateur CDA
Uri Rosenthal 5 July 201016Informateur VVD
Jacques Wallage PvdA
Herman Tjeenk Willink 26 June 201010Informateur PvdA
Uri Rosenthal 12 June 201014Informateur VVD
Jan Peter Balkenende 9 February 200713Formateur CDA 2006–2007 [17] [14]
Herman Wijffels 20 December 200651Informateur CDA
Rein Jan Hoekstra 25 November 200625Informateur CDA
Jan Peter Balkenende 5 July 20063Formateur CDA 2006 [18] [19]
Ruud Lubbers 1 July 20064Informateur CDA
Jan Peter Balkenende 20 May 20037Formateur CDA 2003 [20] [21]
Rein Jan Hoekstra 15 April 200335Informateur CDA
Frits Korthals Altes VVD
Frans Leijnse 5 February 200366Informateur PvdA
Piet Hein Donner CDA
24 January 200311Informateur
Jan Peter Balkenende 4 July 200218Formateur CDA 2002 [22] [23]
Piet Hein Donner 17 May 200248Informateur CDA
Herman Tjeenk Willink 22 May 199918Formateur PvdA 1999 [24] [25]
 
Wim Kok
 		20 July 199814Formateur PvdA 1998 [26] [27]
14 May 199867Informateur
Gerrit Zalm VVD
Els Borst D66
Klaas de Vries 8 May 19986Informateur PvdA
Wim Kok 29 July 199422Formateur PvdA 1994 [28] [29]
6 July 199423Informateur
Herman Tjeenk Willink 27 June 19949Informateur PvdA
Jan Vis 14 May 199444Informateur D66
Gijs van Aardenne VVD
Klaas de Vries PvdA
Herman Tjeenk Willink 6 May 19948Informateur PvdA
Ruud Lubbers 27 October 19899Formateur CDA 1989 [30] [31]
13 September 198945Informateur
Jan de Koning 8 September 19895Informateur CDA
Ruud Lubbers 11 July 19863Formateur CDA 1986 [32] [33]
Jan de Koning 23 May 198650Informateur CDA
Ruud Lubbers 30 October 19825Formateur CDA Sep–Nov 1982 [34] [35]
Willem Scholten 1 October 198229Informateur CDA
Jos van Kemenade 10 September 198221Informateur PvdA
Dries van Agt 25 May 19824Formateur CDA May–Jun 1982 [36] [37]
Piet Steenkamp 14 May 198212Informateur CDA
Cees de Galan 16 October 198119Informateur PvdA 1981 [38] [39]
Victor Halberstadt PvdA
Dries van Agt 2 September 19819Formateur CDA
Wilhelm Friedrich de Gaay Fortman 20 August 198113Informateur CDA
Sjeng Kremers 4 August 198116Formateur CDA
Ed van Thijn PvdA
10 July 198125Informateur
Ruud Lubbers 30 May 198166Informateur CDA
Jan de Koning CDA
Dries van Agt 8 December 197711Formateur CDA 1977 [40] [41]
Wim van der Grinten 8 November 197729Informateur CDA
Joop den Uyl 26 October 197710Formateur PvdA
Maarten Vrolijk 11 October 197715Informateur PvdA
Koos Verdam CDA
Joop den Uyl 2 September 197735Formateur PvdA
Gerard Veringa CDA
26 August 19777Informateur
Joop den Uyl 27 July 197730Formateur PvdA
Wil Albeda 20 July 19777Informateur CDA
Joop den Uyl 1 June 197745Formateur PvdA
Jaap Burger 23 April 197318Formateur PvdA 1972–1973 [42] [43]
Marinus Ruppert ARP
Dries van Agt 10 April 197313Informateur KVP
Wil Albeda ARP
Jaap Burger 1 February 197362Formateur PvdA
Marinus Ruppert 4 December 197258Informateur ARP
Barend Biesheuvel 22 July 197218Formateur ARP 1972 [44] [45]
Barend Biesheuvel 21 June 197115Formateur ARP 1971 [46] [47]
Piet Steenkamp 15 May 197137Informateur KVP
Piet de Jong 21 March 196714Formateur KVP 1967 [48] [49]
Barend Biesheuvel 9 March 196712Formateur ARP
Louis Beel 6 March 19673Informateur [lower-alpha 2] KVP
Jelle Zijlstra 18 February 196715Informateur ARP
Jelle Zijlstra 16 November 19666Formateur ARP 1966 [51] [52]
Louis Beel 4 November 196612Informateur KVP
Norbert Schmelzer 18 October 196617Informateur KVP
Jo Cals 15 March 196529Formateur KVP 1965 [53] [54]
Norbert Schmelzer 2 March 196511Informateur KVP
Victor Marijnen 16 July 19638Formateur KVP 1963 [55] [56]
Jan de Quay 5 July 196311Formateur KVP
Louis Beel 28 June 19637Informateur KVP
Wim de Kort 6 June 196321Formateur KVP
Carl Romme 20 May 196316Informateur KVP
Wilhelm Friedrich de Gaay Fortman 27 December 19606Informateur ARP 1960–1961 [57] [58]
Jan de Quay 14 May 19595Formateur KVP 1959 [59] [60]
Louis Beel 1 May 195913Informateur KVP
Jan de Quay 28 March 195930Formateur KVP
Louis Beel 14 March 195913Informateur KVP
Louis Beel 19 December 19583Formateur KVP 1958 [61] [62]
12 December 19587Informateur
Willem Drees 9 October 19563Formateur PvdA 1956 [63] [64]
Jaap Burger 20 September 195619Informateur PvdA
Wilhelm Friedrich de Gaay Fortman 22 August 195625Informateur ARP
Piet Lieftinck 16 August 19565Informateur PvdA
7 August 19569Informateur PvdA
Carl Romme 24 June 19569Formateur KVP
Willem Drees 16 June 195638Formateur PvdA
Jaap Burger 25 May 19559Formateur PvdA 1955 [65] [66]
Willem Drees 29 August 19524Formateur PvdA 1952 [67] [68]
Cornelis Staf 22 August 19525Formateur CHU
Leendert Antonie Donker 5 August 195217Formateur PvdA
Louis Beel 23 July 195213Informateur KVP
Willem Drees 27 June 195226Formateur PvdA
Carl Romme 13 March 19512Formateur KVP 1951 [69] [70]
27 February 195115Informateur
Max Steenberghe 18 February 19517Formateur KVP
Willem Drees 1 February 195116Formateur PvdA
Josef van Schaik KVP
Dirk Stikker 28 January 19515Informateur VVD
Josef van Schaik 30 July 19488Formateur KVP 1948 [71] [72]
Louis Beel 22 July 19488Formateur KVP
13 July 194810Formateur [lower-alpha 3]
Louis Beel 27 May 194636Formateur KVP 1946 [73] [74]
Willem Drees Formateur SDAP May–Jun 1945 [75] [76]
Willem Schermerhorn
Pieter Gerbrandy 8 February 194515Formateur ARP Feb 1945
Pieter Gerbrandy 1 July 194126Formateur ARP 1941 [77]
Pieter Gerbrandy 28 August 19403Formateur ARP 1940 [77]
Dirk Jan de Geer 4 August 19396Formateur CHU Aug 1939 [78]
Hendrik Colijn 14 July 193912Formateur ARP Jun–Jul 1939 [79]
Dionysius Koolen 9 July 19396Formateur RKSP
Hendrik Colijn 30 June 193910Formateur ARP
Hendrik Colijn 30 May 193725Formateur ARP 1937 [80]
Hendrik Colijn 29 July 19352Formateur ARP 1935 [81]
Piet Aalberse 26 July 19352Formateur RKSP
Hendrik Colijn 16 May 193311Formateur ARP 1933 [82]
2 May 193315Formateur
Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck 3 August 19297Formateur RKSP 1929 [83]
12 July 192918Formateur
Dirk Jan de Geer 1 March 19264Formateur CHU 1925-1926 [84]
Joseph Limburg 23 January 192635Formateur VDB [lower-alpha 4]
Johannes Theodoor de Visser 12 December 192542Formateur CHU
Johannes Theodoor de Visser 8 December 19254Formateur CHU
Henri Marchant 24 November 19258Formateur VDB
Hendrik Colijn 15 July 192518Formateur ARP 1925 [86]
Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek 4 January 19243Formateurliberal 1923-1924 [87]
Frans Beelaerts van Blokland 24 November 192312Formateur CHU
Dionysius Koolen 15 November 192310Formateur RKSP
Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck 22 July 192249Formateur RKSP 1922 [87]
Dirk Jan de Geer 19 July 19224Formateur CHU
Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck 22 June 192135Formateur RKSP 1921 [88] [89]
Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck 29 August 19189Formateur RKSP 1918 [88] [90]
Willem Hubert Nolens 13 July 191838Formateur RKSP
Pieter Cort van der Linden 2 August 191327Formateurliberal 1913 [91]
Dirk Bos 11 July 191315Formateur VDB
Theo Heemskerk 16 January 190827Formateur ARP 1907–1908 [92] [93]
Pieter Cort van der Linden 17 March 19075Formateurliberal 1907
Jan Elias Nicolaas Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 27 February 19073Formateur CHU
Hendrik Goeman Borgesius 14 July 190534Formateur LU 1905 [94]
Abraham Kuyper 11 July 190115Formateur ARP 1901 [95] [96]
Nicolaas Pierson 13 July 189710Formateur LU 1897 [97]
Joan Röell 4 May 18944Formateurliberal 1894 [98]
Gijsbert van Tienhoven 26 July 189122Formateurliberal 1891 [99]
Æneas Mackay 4 April 188815Formateur ARP 1888 [100]
Jan Heemskerk 29 March 188323Formateurliberal 1883 [101]
Johan George Gleichman 19 March 18835Formateurliberal
Otto van Rees 12 March 18837Formateurliberal
Jan Heemskerk 4 March 18839Formateurliberal
Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg 8 August 18825Formateurconservative 1882 [102]
Johannes Tak van Poortvliet 31 July 18829Formateurliberal
Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg 3 July 18825Formateurconservative
Eppo Cremers 12 July 187911conservative 1879 [102]
Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte liberal
Gerrit de Vries liberal
Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg 24 July 18799Formateurconservative
Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello 16 October 187717Formateurliberal 1877 [103]
Jan Heemskerk 14 July 187443Formateurliberal 1874 [104]
Gerrit de Vries 25 June 187210Formateurliberal 1872 [105]
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke 1 December 187033Formateurliberal 1870–1871 [106]
Cornelis Fock 24 November 18705Formateurliberal
Lodewijk Gerard Brocx liberal
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke 23 May 186811Formateurliberal 1868 [107]
Æneas Mackay Sr. 17 May 18685Formateuranti-revolutionary
Gerlach Cornelis Joannes van Reenen 4 May 18685Formateurconservative
Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg 29 April 18684Formateurconservative
Æneas Mackay Sr. 17 April 18682Formateuranti-revolutionary
Jules van Zuylen van Nijevelt 24 May 18667Formateuranti-revolutionary May-Jun 1866 [108]
Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte 29 January 18667Formateurliberal Jan–Feb 1866 [109]
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke 18 January 186213Formateurliberal 1862 [110]
Jules van Zuylen van Nijevelt 12 March 18613Formateuranti-revolutionary 1861 [111]
Jan Jacob Rochussen 16 February 186124Formateurconservative
Schelto van Heemstra conservative
Schelto van Heemstra 21 February 18603Formateurconservative 1860 [112]
Floris Adriaan van Hall 17 February 18604Formateurliberal
Jan Jacob Rochussen 3 March 185816Formateurconservative 1858 [113]
Justinus van der Brugghen 1 June 185630Formateuranti-revolutionary 1856 [114]
Floris Adriaan van Hall 16 April 18533Formateurliberal 1853 [115]
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke 27 October 18493Formateurliberal 1849 [116]
Jan Nedermeijer van Rosenthal liberal
Leonardus Antonius Lightenvelt 20 September 184937Formateurconservative
Dirk Donker Curtius liberal
Gerrit Schimmelpenninck 23 March 18481Formateurliberal 1848 [117]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Such as Gijsbert van Tienhoven in 1891, Jan Elias Nicolaas Schimmelpenninck van der Oye in 1907, Willem Hubert Nolens in 1918 and Dionysius Koolen in June–July 1939.
  2. ↑ Formally as advisor to the queen. [50]
  3. ↑ Sources from that time refer to him as formateur. However, Parlement.com describes him as informateur.
  4. ↑ His party did not participate in the negotiations. Some in his party criticised his appointment, which led hem to leave the part. [85]

Sources

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References

  1. ↑ "Herman Tjeenk Willink, voorstander van een akkoord op hoofdlijnen" [Herman Tjeenk Willink, in favor of an agreement in outline]. Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (in Dutch). 30 May 2020. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2012, pp. 188–189.
  3. ↑ Bovend'Eert, Paul; Bootsma, Peter; Van Kessel, Alexander (2018-12-06). Evaluatie Kabinetsformatie 2017 (PDF) (in Dutch). The Hague. p. 29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2012, pp. 204–205.
  5. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2012, pp. 68–71.
  6. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2012, p. 84.
  7. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2012, pp. 191–192.
  8. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2023-2024". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  9. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2021". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  10. ↑ Van Baalen, Carla; Van Kessel, Alexander; Bovend'Eert, Paul; Van Twist, Mark (21 February 2023). Evaluatie kabinetsformatie 2021/22 (PDF) (in Dutch). Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis. Archived from the original (pdf) on 23 February 2023.
  11. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2017". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  12. ↑ Bovend'Eert, Paul; Bootsma, Peter; Van Kessel, Alexander (6 December 2018). Evaluatie Kabinetsformatie 2017 (PDF) (in Dutch). The Hague.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2012". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  14. 1 2 Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 403–446.
  15. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2010". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  16. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 447–510.
  17. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2006-2007". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  18. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie July 2006". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  19. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 389–402.
  20. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2003". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  21. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 349–388.
  22. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 2002". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  23. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 319–348.
  24. ↑ "Kabinetscrisis 1999: de Nacht van Wiegel". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  25. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 303–318.
  26. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1998". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  27. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 267–302.
  28. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1994". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  29. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 221–266.
  30. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1989". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  31. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 191–220.
  32. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1986". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  33. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 161–190.
  34. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1982". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  35. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 129–160.
  36. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Agt III (1982)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  37. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 115–128.
  38. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1981". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  39. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 81–114.
  40. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1977". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  41. ↑ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 11–80.
  42. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1972-1973". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  43. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 319–368.
  44. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1972". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  45. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 299–318.
  46. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1971". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  47. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 256–281.
  48. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1967". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  49. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 207–250.
  50. ↑ "Dr. L.J.M. (Louis) Beel" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 20 December 2022.
  51. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1966". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  52. ↑ Maas 1982, pp. 184–206.
  53. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1965". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  54. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 360–432.
  55. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1963". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  56. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 276–329.
  57. ↑ "Mr. W.F. de Gaay Fortman". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  58. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 246–254.
  59. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1959". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  60. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 209–234.
  61. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1958". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  62. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 199–208.
  63. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1956". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  64. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 86–159.
  65. ↑ "Mr. J.A.W. (Jaap) Burger". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  66. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 75–84.
  67. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1952". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  68. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 54–72.
  69. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1951". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  70. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 36–52.
  71. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1948". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  72. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 16–23.
  73. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1946" [Cabinet formation 1946]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  74. ↑ Duynstee 1966, pp. 1–4.
  75. ↑ "Kabinetsformatie 1945". Parlement.com . Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  76. ↑ Duynstee, F.J.F.M.; Bosmans, J. Het Kabinet Schermerhorn-Drees (PDF) (in Dutch). Assen/Amsterdam: Van Gorcum. ISBN   9789023214120.
  77. 1 2 "Kabinet-Gerbrandy I en II (1940-1945)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  78. ↑ "Kabinet-De Geer II (1939-1940)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  79. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn V (1939)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  80. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn IV (1937-1939)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  81. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn III (1935-1937)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  82. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn II (1933-1935)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  83. ↑ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  84. ↑ "Kabinet-De Geer I (1926-1929)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2022-07-06. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  85. ↑ "Achtergrond: een informateur van een niet-deelnemende partij" [Background: an informateur from a non-participating party.]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  86. ↑ "Kabinet-Colijn I (1925-1926)". Parlement.com . Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  87. 1 2 "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  88. 1 2 "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  89. ↑ Puchinger 1970, pp. 165–199.
  90. ↑ Puchinger 1970, pp. 27–141.
  91. ↑ "Kabinet-Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  92. ↑ "Kabinet-Heemskerk (1908-1913)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  93. ↑ De Bruijn, Jan (2012). Wilhelmina formeert (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Boom. ISBN   9789461053008.
  94. ↑ "Kabinet-De Meester (1905-1908)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  95. ↑ "Kabinet-Kuyper (1901-1905)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  96. ↑ de Bruijn, Jan (2001). 'Kuyper ist ein Luegner' (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Historisch Documentatiecentrum voor het Nederlands Protestantisme. ISBN   9072319168.
  97. ↑ "Kabinet-Pierson (1897-1901)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  98. ↑ "Kabinet-Röell (1894-1897)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  99. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Tienhoven (1891-1894)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  100. ↑ "Kabinet-Mackay (1888-1891)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  101. ↑ "Kabinet-Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  102. 1 2 "Kabinet-Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  103. ↑ "Kabinet-Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  104. ↑ "Kabinet-Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  105. ↑ "Kabinet-De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  106. ↑ "Kabinet-Thorbecke III (1871-1872)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  107. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  108. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  109. ↑ "Kabinet-Fransen van de Putte (1866)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  110. ↑ "Kabinet-Thorbecke II (1862-1866)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  111. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  112. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  113. ↑ "Kabinet-Rochussen (1858-1860)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  114. ↑ "Kabinet-Van der Brugghen (1856-1858)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  115. ↑ "Kabinet-Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  116. ↑ "Kabinet-Thorbecke I (1849-1853)". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  117. ↑ "G. (Gerrit) graaf Schimmelpenninck". Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
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