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The following is a list of wars involving Serbia in the Middle Ages as well as late modern period and contemporary history.
The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
Middle Ages
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Avar-Serbian War (629-632) | Serbs | Avar Khaganate | Victory
|
Bulgarian-Serbian War (839–42) | Principality of Serbia | Bulgarian Empire | Victory
|
Bulgarian-Serbian War (853) | Principality of Serbia | Bulgarian Empire | Victory
|
Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924 | Principality of Serbia | Bulgarian Empire | Defeat
|
Magyar-Serb conflict (c. 960) | Principality of Serbia | Magyar tribes | Inconclusive
|
Bulgarian-Serbian War (998) | Duklja | Bulgarian Empire | Defeat
|
Serb Uprising (1034—1042) | Duklja | Byzantine Empire | Victory
|
Byzantine-Norman wars (1040–1189) | Normans Duklja and Grand Principality of Serbia | Byzantine Empire Venice | Indecisive
|
Byzantine–Serbian War (1090–1095) | Grand Principality of Serbia | Byzantine Empire | Inconclusive
|
Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–29) | Kingdom of Hungary | Byzantine Empire | Inconclusive
|
Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203) | Grand Principality of Serbia | Bulgarian Empire | Defeat
|
Mongol invasion of the Balkans (1241—1242)
| Kingdom of Serbia Bulgarian Empire | Mongols | Defeat of the military alliance led by the Kingdom of Hungary
|
Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde | Kingdom of Serbia | Nogai Horde Bulgarian Empire | Victory |
Epirote–Nicaean conflict (1258—1261) | Despotate of Epirus Principality of Achaea Kingdom of Sicily Allies: Kingdom of Serbia | Empire of Nicaea Supported by: Republic of Genoa | Inconclusive
|
Byzantine-Catalan Wars (1305–1311) [1] | Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Serbia (1305) | Catalan Company Allies: Anatolian Turkish Beyliks Sultanate of Rum | Victory |
Serbian-Crusader Conflict | Serbian cavalry Allies: Genoese fleet | Turcopoles | Victory
|
Serbian-Anjou War (1318–1320) [3] [4] | Kingdom of Serbia | Kingdom of Hungary Muzaka Family (1318) | Partial Victory
|
War of Hum (1326–1329) | Kingdom of Serbia | Banate of Bosnia Republic of Ragusa | Defeat |
Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330) | Kingdom of Serbia Supported by: Andronikos II Palaiologos [9] | Bulgarian Empire Supported by: Wallachia Moldavia Andronikos III Palaiologos | Victory [10]
|
Serbian Invasion of Macedonia (1342–1343) Part of the Byzantine civil war of 1341-1347 | Kingdom of Serbia Supported by: John VI Kantakouzenos | John V Palaiologos Beylik of Aydin Zealots of Thessalonica | Victory
|
Serbian Invasion of Albania (1342–1345) [11] [12] Part of the Byzantine civil war of 1341-1347 | Kingdom of Serbia Bulgarian Empire Principality of Karvuna Supported by: John V Palaiologos | John VI Kantakouzenos Beylik of Aydin | Victory
|
Serbian-Ottoman War (1352) Part of the Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357 | Serbian Empire Bulgarian Empire Supported by: John V Palaiologos | Ottoman Beylik Supported by: John VI Kantakouzenos | Defeat
|
Crusade of Nicopolis (1396) | Ottoman Empire | Crusade: Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France [15] Principality of Wallachia [16] | Victory |
Ottoman-Timurid War 1399–1402 | Ottoman Empire Co-belligerant: | Timurid Empire | Defeat
|
Second Scutari War (1419–23) | Zeta Serbian Despotate (after 1421) Albanian nobility | Republic of Venice | Inconclusive
|
Ottoman-Serbian Wars (1352–1499) | Serbian Empire | Ottoman Empire | Defeat |
Great Turkish War (1683-1699) | Holy Roman Empire Serbian Militia Republic of Venice Montenegro | Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate | Victory
|
Austro-Turkish War (1716-1718) | Austria Serbian Militia [lower-alpha 1] | Ottoman Empire | Victory
|
Austro-Turkish War (1737-1739) | Austria Kingdom of Serbia | Ottoman Empire | Inconclusive
|
Austro-Turkish War (1788-1791) | Habsburg monarchy | Ottoman Empire | Austrian Victory |
Modern Period
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Uprising against the Dahije (1804) | Serbia | Dahije | Victory
|
First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813) Part of the Serbian Revolution | Supported by: | Dahijas (1804) Ottoman Empire (from 1805) | Inconclusive
|
Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) Part of the Serbian Revolution and Russo-Turkish Wars | Russian Empire Moldavia | Victory [25] | |
Hadži-Prodan's rebellion (1814) | Serb rebels | Ottoman Empire | Defeat
|
Second Serbian Uprising (1815–1817) Part of the Serbian Revolution | Serbian rebels | Ottoman Empire | Victory
|
Niš Rebellion (1821) | Serb rebels | Ottoman Empire | Defeat
|
Serb uprising (1848–1849) Part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire | Victory
| ||
Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis | Serb rebels Supported by: Serbia Montenegro | Ottoman Empire | Inconclusive |
First Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–1877) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis | Ottoman Empire | Victory
| |
Second Serbian–Ottoman War (1877–1878) Part of the Great Eastern Crisis and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) | Ottoman Empire | Victory
| |
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) | Russian Empire Principality of Romania | Ottoman Empire Polish volunteers | Coalition Victory
|
Timok Rebellion (1883) | Kingdom of Serbia | People's Radical Party | Victory
|
Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885) | Supported by: | Bulgaria | Defeat
|
Macedonian struggle (1901) | Serbian Chetniks Supported by: Serbia | VMRO Ottoman Empire | Inconclusive
|
First Balkan War (1912–1913) Part of the Balkan Wars | Balkan League :Supported by: | Victory [38] | |
Serbian invasion of Albania (1912–1913) Part of the Balkan Wars | Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Montenegro | Independent Albania | Victory
|
Tikveš Uprising (1913) | Serbia Chetniks | IMRO Supported by: Bulgaria | Victory
|
Second Balkan War (1913) Part of the Balkan Wars | Victory | ||
Ohrid-Debar Uprising (1913) | Serbia Chetniks Greece | IMRO Kachaks | Victory
|
Third Peasant Revolt in Albania (September–October 1914) | Republic of Central Albania Support: Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Italy | Principality of Albania | Serbo-Italian backed Republic of Central Albania Victory
|
Serbian campaign and Balkans theatre (1914–1918) Part of the European theatre of World War I | Allied Powers
| Central Powers :
| Victory |
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) Part of the aftermath of World War I and the Revolutions of 1917–23 | Victory
| ||
Impresa di Pola (1918) Part of the Adriatic Campaign in 1918 and the Adriatic question | Defeat
| ||
1918–1920 unrest in Split (1918–1920) Part of the Adriatic question | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes United States Italy | Italian nationalists renegades | Inconclusive
|
Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia (1918–1919) Part of the aftermath of World War I | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | German-Austria | Military victory |
Christmas Uprising (1919) Part of the aftermath of World War I and the creation of Yugoslavia | Montenegrin Whites Victory
| ||
Drenica-Dukagjin Uprisings (1919-1924) | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | Kosovar Albanians Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo Diplomatic support: Albania | Victory
|
Koplik War (1920-1921) | Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | Principality of Albania | Inconclusive
|
Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921) | Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Greece Republic of Mirdita | Principality of Albania | Inconclusive
|
Zogu Invasion of Albania (1924) | Ahmet Zogu supporters (Mati Tribesmen) Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | Fan Noli supporters (Albanian peasants) Principality of Albania Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo | Zogu-Yugoslav Victory
|
Invasion of Yugoslavia (1941) Part of the Balkans campaign and Mediterranean theatre of World War II | Yugoslavia | Axis | Defeat
|
World War II in Yugoslavia (1941–1945) Part of the European theatre of World War II | Allies
Bulgaria (1944–45) Other factions:
Yugoslav government-in-exile (1941–44) Western Allies:
| Axis German puppet states and governments:
| Yugoslav Partisan Victory
|
Contemporary Period
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Ten-Day War (1991) Part of the Yugoslav Wars | SFR Yugoslavia | Slovenia | Defeat
|
Croatian War of Independence [lower-alpha 3] (1991–1995) Part of the Yugoslav Wars |
|
| Defeat
|
War in Bosnia [lower-alpha 4] (1992–1995) Part of the Yugoslav Wars |
| NATO (1995) | Inconclusive
|
Kosovo War (1998–1999) Part of the Yugoslav Wars | FR Yugoslavia | UÇK NATO (1999)
Supported by: | Military Stalemate [40]
|
Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001) [ citation needed ]Part of the Yugoslav Wars | FR Yugoslavia | UÇPMB | Victory [41] |
Not all Serb magnates fought and died as Ottoman vassals. Vuk Branković, who survived the Kosovo battle, and who continued to rule over his realm that included Kosovo, joined a large Christian coalition led by Hungary, which now represented the 'bulwark of Christianity' and included Wallachian, Venetian, Bulgarian, Croatian, French and English troops. The Christian coalition was defeated by Ottomans at Nicopolis, Bulgaria in 1396. Branković died as an Ottoman prisoner the following year, but is ironically portrayed in the Serbian folklore as a Judas-like figure.
Вук Бранковић, син Бранков, оженио се Маром, кћерком кнеза Лазара. Његови поседи протезали су се од Скопља до Копаоника и Сјенице, до горњих токова Таре и Мораче. После битке на Косову, примио је вазални однос према Турској. У бици код Никопоља учествовао је на страни Угарске, када га је заробио султан Бајазит и одвео га у заробљеништво, где је умро, 1397. године.
The Albanian forces fought on the side of Turkey not because they desired a continuance of Turkish rule but because they believed that together with the Turks, they would be able to defend their territory and prevent the partition of "Greater Albania
Ottoman regulars supported by Albanian irregulars continued in central and southern Albania even after the signing of the armistice in December 1912
Miloš Obilić was a legendary Serbian knight who is reputed to have been in the service of Prince Lazar during the Ottoman invasion of Serbia in the late 14th century. He is not mentioned in contemporary sources, but features prominently in later accounts of the 1389 Battle of Kosovo as the assassin of Sultan Murad. Although the assassin remains anonymous in sources until the late 15th century, the dissemination of the story of Murad's assassination in Florentine, Serbian, Ottoman and Greek sources suggests that versions of it circulated widely across the Balkans within half a century of the event.
The Gorani or Goranci, are a Slavic Muslim ethnic group inhabiting the Gora region—the triangle between Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia. They number an estimated 60,000 people, and speak a transitional South Slavic dialect, called Goranski. The vast majority of the Gorani people adhere to Sunni Islam.
Vladislav was the King of Syrmia from 1316 to 1325, and claimant to the Serbian Kingdom.
The Banjska Monastery is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in the Banjska village near Zvečan, Kosovo.
The History of the Serbs spans from the Early Middle Ages to present. Serbs, a South Slavic people, traditionally live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and North Macedonia. A Serbian diaspora dispersed people of Serb descent to Western Europe, North America and Australia.
The Patriarchate of Peć Monastery or the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć, is a medieval Serbian Orthodox monastery located near the city of Peja, Kosovo. Built in the 13th century, it became the residence of Serbian Archbishops. It was expanded during the 14th century, and in 1346, when the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć was created, the Monastery became the seat of Serbian Patriarchs. The monastery complex consists of several churches, and during medieval and early modern times it was also used as mausoleum of Serbian archbishops and patriarchs. Since 2006, it is part of the "Medieval Monuments in Kosovo", a combined World Heritage Site along with three other monuments of the Serbian Orthodox Church.
The Battle of Velbazhd took place between Bulgarian and Serbian armies on 28 July 1330, near the town of Velbazhd.
The Realm of Stefan Dragutin was a medieval Serbian kingdom. Initially, it was a vassal kingdom of the Kingdom of Hungary, but subsequently became an independent kingdom, after the collapse of the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary. It was ruled by the Serbian kings Stefan Dragutin (1282–1316) and his son Stefan Vladislav II (1316–1325). The kingdom was centered in the region of Lower Syrmia and its first capital was Debrc, while residence of the king was later moved to Belgrade.
The House of Shishman, also referred to as the Shishmanids or Shishmanovtsi, was a medieval Bulgarian dynasty of Turkic Cuman origin. The House of Shishman ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire from the proclamation of Michael Asen III as emperor in 1323 to the deposition of his son Ivan Stephen in 1331 whereafter rule fell to the House of Sratsimir, who were matrilineal descendants of the Shishmanids.
Gavrilo Dožić, also known as Gavrilo V, was the Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral (1920–1938) and the 41st Serbian Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church, from 1938 to 1950.
The Church of the Virgin Hodegetria was a 14th-century Serbian Orthodox church in Mušutište, near Suva Reka, Kosovo,. The church was destroyed by Kosovar Albanian forces during the destruction of the Serbian part of Mušutište, after the end of the Kosovo war in 1999.
Darman and Kudelin were two Bulgarian boyars of Cuman origin who jointly ruled the regions of Braničevo and Kučevo in the late 13th century (1273–1291). The two brothers used the weakened state of centralized administration in the region to become independent from the Kingdom of Hungary or the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1273. The capital of their domains was the fortress of Ždrelo, on the Mlava river. Relying on auxiliary troops that consisted mostly of Tatar and Cuman mercenaries, the brothers were “very independent-minded and afraid of no one”, according to Serbian archbishop Danilo II.
Urošica was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was the younger son of Stefan Dragutin, King of Serbia 1272–1282 and Syrmia 1282–1316. Dragutin kept Syrmia after passing the rule to Stefan Milutin in 1282. Through mother Catherine of the Hungarian Árpád dynasty, the elder son Stefan Vladislav II was the Duke of Slavonia from 1292 and the King of Syrmia from 1316 until 1325. Urošica took monastic vows as Stefan (Стефан), and is venerated as a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church on November 11 [O.S. November 24].
Eparchy of Raška and Prizren is one of the oldest eparchies of the Serbian Orthodox Church, featuring the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Serbian Patriarchal Monastery of Peć, as well as Serbian Orthodox Monastery of Visoki Dečani, which together are part of the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Serbia. More than 100 of the Eparchy's churches and monasteries were targeted for vandalism and destruction by Albanian nationalists after the Kosovo War and during the 2004 unrest in Kosovo.
The Vullnetari were a volunteer militia of Albanians from Kosovo set up in 1941 by Italian forces after the successful invasion of Yugoslavia. They served as an auxiliary force for civilian control and protection of villages.
Despot S. Badžović was a teacher and an activist of the Serbian national movement in Macedonia. Badžović was also one of the early Macedonists, who developed some kind of pro-Serbian Slav Macedonian identity.
The Serb uprising of 1596–1597, also known as the Herzegovina uprising of 1596–1597, was a rebellion organized by Serbian Patriarch Jovan Kantul and led by Grdan, the vojvoda ("duke") of Nikšić against the Ottomans in the Sanjak of Herzegovina and Montenegro Vilayet, during the Long Turkish War (1593–1606). The uprising broke out in the aftermath of the failed Banat Uprising in 1594 and the burning of Saint Sava's relics on 27 April 1595; it included the tribes of Bjelopavlići, Drobnjaci, Nikšić, and Piva. The rebels, defeated at the field of Gacko in 1597, were forced to capitulate due to a lack of foreign support.
The siege of Braničevo was laid by Hungarian king Géza II against Byzantine-held Braničevo in late 1154.
The First Balkan Alliance was a system of agreements concluded by the Principality of Serbia in the period of 1866–68 to unite the nations of the Balkans in a common struggle against the Ottoman Empire. The plans for forging this alliance were based on the organization of a major general uprising, as opposed to individual uprisings by the various ethnic groups in Ottoman territory. According to the plans, the Albanians would begin the uprising, followed by Serb and Greek volunteers and finally and simultaneously by the regular armies of Serbia and Greece. According to the plans and agreements, after a successful war against the Ottomans, the Balkan nations would establish a united federation.
Cathedral of Saint George in Prizren is the Cathedral church of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Raška and Prizren, located in the town of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built from 1856 to 1887, near the Old Church of Saint George, previous cathedral church of the same eparchy. The cathedral was burned and severely damaged by Albanian mobs during the 2004 unrest, but was later renovated.