| Memorial to Enslaved Laborers | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 38°2′7.1″N78°30′5.4″W / 38.035306°N 78.501500°W |
| Established | 2020 |
The Memorial to Enslaved Laborers is a memorial in honor of those enslaved African Americans who built and worked at the University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, Virginia.
The memorial is located near the University of Virginia Corner, east of Brooks Hall and the Rotunda, and consists of a wall of local "Virginia Mist" granite, [1] [2] in the shape of a broken ring, to symbolize broken shackles and completion. The ring is about 80 feet (24 m) in diameter, echoing the dimensions of Jefferson’s iconic Rotunda. [3] Inside it is a second, concentric ring, with a timeline of slavery at the University. [4] The grassy interior of the rings will be used as a gathering place. [3]
Inside the rings, distant conversations are audible. [4]
On the ring, large enough for the names of the 4,000–some enslaved people known to have worked on what is today the university grounds, are engraved the names that are known—578, as of 2020. Another 311 are known by their first name only, their job, or their relation to others who lived and/or worked there. A single engraved word remembers each—Jerry, butler, Agnes, grandmother, midwife, domestic, Billy. Most of the ring is blank, with only notches, representing the other 3,000+ for whom even this basic information is lacking. [5] If more names are discovered they will be added. [6]
The exterior of the outer wall also includes an engraved subtle set of eyes, the work of Eto Otitigbe. [7] They are derived from an image of Isabella Gibbons, an enslaved woman who was owned by professors at the university before emancipation and who went on to become an educator of freed African Americans. [4] [8]
The following words of Gibbons are engraved on the memorial:
Can we forget the crack of the whip, the cowhide, whipping-post, the hand-cuffs, auction-block, the spaniels [manacles], the iron collar, the negro-trader tearing the young child from its mother’s breast as a whelp from the lioness? Have we forgotten that by those horrible cruelties, hundreds of our race have been killed? No, we have not, nor ever will. [9]
"The Memorial is oriented tangent to two paths. The first path leads from the Memorial in the direction of the North Star, which for the enslaved led to freedom. The second path aligns with the sunset on March 3rd, which commemorates the day that Union troops emancipated the local enslaved community at the close of the Civil War. The communities of Charlottesville and the University will observe this important event through the newly instituted Liberation and Freedom Day March through the city. Also sharing the same north/west orientation is the Memorial’s grove of gingko trees that harkens back to the area’s previous use as a productive landscape of fruits and vegetables tended to by enslaved laborers." [1]
"This was actually a student-led effort from the beginning,” said University of Virginia landscape architect Mary Hughes said. “I guess that effort began in 2007 when the university's board of visitors made a public apology for the institution of slavery.” [10] Another source says that the memorial began with student-led initiatives as early as 2010. There was then an "ideas" competition, and the final design resolution. The President’s Commission on Slavery and the University (PCSU) provided guidance. The Memorial was designed as part of a collaboration between Höweler+Yoon Architecture, Studio&, Gregg Bleam, a local landscape architect, Frank Dukes, and Eto Otitigbe. [11] The University's Board of Visitors approved the design in 2019. [12]
A different source says that the Board of Visitors approved the design and site in June 2017. [13] Construction began in January 2019, [5] with concrete pouring beginning in early March. [14] The memorial was scheduled for completion in October 2019; [15] the granite slabs were placed in October. [16]
It was to have been formally dedicated on April 11, 2020, [12] but the university shut down shortly before that because of the coronavirus pandemic. [4] It was paid for by $2.5 million in donations, matched by the university. [5] [13] Another source says the cost, estimated at that time at $6 million, was completely covered by private donations. [17] [3]
The University of Virginia (UVA) is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It was founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. The university is set within the Academical Village, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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WVAW-LD is a low-power television station in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Lockwood Broadcast Group alongside dual CBS/Fox affiliate WCAV. Both stations share studios on Rio East Court in Charlottesville, while WVAW-LD's transmitter is located on Carters Mountain south of the city.
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WVIR-CD is a low-power, Class A television station in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It is a translator of dual NBC/CW+ affiliate WVIR-TV which is owned by Gray Television. WVIR-CD's transmitter is located on Carters Mountain south of Charlottesville; its parent station maintains studios on East Market Street in downtown.
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The role of slavery at American colleges and universities has been a focus of historical investigation and controversy. Enslaved Africans labored to build institutions of higher learning in the United States, and the slave economy was involved in funding many universities. People, forced to labor and seen as less than human, were used to build academic buildings and residential halls. Though slavery has long been presented as a uniquely Southern institution, colleges and universities in Northern states benefited from the labor of slaves. The economics of slavery brought some slave owners great wealth, enabling them to become major donors to fledgling colleges. Many colleges founded in states with legalized slavery utilized enslaved people and benefited from the slavocracy. Slaves were also sold by university administrators to generate capital. In some parts of the nation it was also not uncommon for wealthy students to bring an enslaved person with them to college. Ending almost 250 years of slavocracy did not end white supremacy, structural racism, or other forms of oppression at American colleges and the legacy of slavery still persists in many establishments.
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Isabella Gibbons was an enslaved woman serving as a cook at the University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, Virginia. After liberation in 1865 she became a teacher.
William Gibbons, was a formerly enslaved servant, who became a highly successful Baptist minister in Charlottesville and Washington, D.C. He was married to Isabella Gibbons.
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