Meruliaceae | |
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Phlebia tremellosa , member of the Meruliaceae | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Polyporales |
Family: | Meruliaceae Rea (1922) |
Type genus | |
Merulius Fr. (1821) | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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The Meruliaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 47 genera and 420 species. [2] As of April 2018 [update] , Index Fungorum accepts 645 species in the family. [3]
The family was formally circumscribed by English mycologist Carleton Rea in 1922, with Merulius as the type genus. He also included the genera Phlebia , Coniophora (now placed in the Coniophoraceae), and Coniophorella (now considered a synonym of Coniophora). His description of the Meruliaceae was as follows: "Hymenium spread over veins, anastomosing pores, or quite smooth; edge of veins or pores fertile." [4] Several genera formerly classified in the Meruliaceae were moved to the family Steccherinaceae based on molecular evidence. [5] [6]
Meruliaceae species are crust-like or polyporoid, and often have a waxy appearance when dry. Their hyphal systems are monomitic (containing only tightly arranged generative hyphae), and these hyphae have clamp connections. The spores are smooth, thin-walled, and hyaline (translucent). Cystidia are often present in the hymenium. Although rare, some species have a dimitic hyphal system (with both generative and skeletal hyphae). Meruliaceae fungi cause white rot. [1]
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.
Junghuhnia is a genus of crust fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1842. The generic name honours German-Dutch botanist Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn.
Abundisporus is a small genus of poroid fungi currently with seven recognized species. They differ from other polypores in having coloured rather than hyaline spores.
Phanerochaete is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae.
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood.
Byssomerulius is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.
Phlebia is a genus of mostly crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution. Phlebia species cause white rot.
Mycoacia is a genus of toothed crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. It was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1931.
Gloeoporus is a genus of crust fungi in the family Irpicaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution.
Ceriporia is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.
Loweomyces is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.
Steccherinum is a widely distributed genus of toothed crust fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.
Aurantiporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae. Circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905, the genus contains five species found mostly in northern temperate regions. Molecular analysis of several Aurantiporus species suggests that the genus is not monophyletic, but some other related polypore species need to be sequenced and studied before appropriate taxonomic changes can be made. In 2018, Viktor Papp and Bálint Dima proposed a new genus Odoria to contain Aurantiporus alborubescens based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. The generic name is derived from the Latin aurantius ("orange") and the Ancient Greek πόρος (pore).
Dentocorticium is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was revised in 2018, with several new species added and some older species transferred to other genera, based on phylogenetic analyses.
Trulla is a fungal genus in the family Steccherinaceae containing six species of polypores. It was circumscribed by mycologists Otto Miettinen and Leif Ryvarden in 2016, as a continuation of prior work that outlined a revised framework for the Steccherinaceae based on molecular phylogenetics. Its closest relative in the Steccherinaceae is the genus Nigroporus, from which it differs in its light-coloured fruit bodies and monomitic context.
Metuloidea is a genus of five species of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by New Zealand-based mycologist Gordon Herriot Cunningham in 1965. The type species is M. tawa, a fungus originally described by Cunningham as a species of Trametes. Formerly classified in family Meruliaceae, Metuloidea was moved to the Steccherinaceae in 2016, following prior research that outlined a revised framework for the Steccherinaceae based on molecular phylogenetics.
The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
Efibula is a genus of 16 species of crust fungi in the family Irpicaceae.
Aurantiopileus is a genus of three species of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae.