Military training area

Last updated
MLRS firing a live missile at Otterburn Training Area MLRS captured as a training round leaves the launch tube on the ranges at Otterburn. MOD 45158570.jpg
MLRS firing a live missile at Otterburn Training Area

A military training area, training area (Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom) or training centre (Canada) is land set aside specifically to enable military forces to train and exercise for combat. Training areas are usually out of bounds to the general public, but some have limited access when not in use. As well as their military function, they often serve as important wildlife refuges. They are distinct from proving grounds which are designed for purposes such as testing weaponry or equipment.

Contents

Description

Military training areas are important because they enable troops to train more realistically and in greater numbers over a wide area without unduly inconveniencing the public or putting others at risk. They are particularly important for all arms training where the different elements of armed forces come together to cooperate and coordinate their fire and movement. Training areas often incorporate a variety of terrain types, including forests, heathland, waterbodies and farmland, as well as urban training facilities such as the 'Afghan village' at Thetford on Stanford Training Area. Such training areas are run by the military and are normally out-of-bounds to the public who may sometimes be allowed access during weekends or holidays. [lower-alpha 1] Training areas may incorporate shooting ranges or designated areas where live firing is permitted.

Wildlife

Military training areas are often important wildlife refuges and can make a "significant contribution to conservation... if properly managed." This is because they comprise large tracts of countryside with restricted access and are free from development, cultivation or other exploitative activities. They typically divide into areas that are regularly disturbed by vehicle traffic or weapons such as bombs and missiles and areas that are relatively undisturbed. [1]

Military training areas are home to some of our most endangered species of animals and plants "precisely because they are used by the military." In the US, 21% of endangered species live on DoD land which forms only 3% of the country. A Polish study showed that the training was not significantly detrimental to biodiversity. The major factor in this was the lack of human intervention for lengthy periods of time. [2]

In Germany, it has been found that wolves moving into new areas will invariably settle first in military training areas before spreading out. This may be because there is less poaching and the hunting areas tend to be far larger than those on private land, so they are less easy to find. [3]

Training areas by country

Asia

Singapore

Europe

Austria

Austria has had important training areas since the 18th century. From 1938 the German Wehrmacht established new training areas, the largest being Döllersheim (now Allentsteig) Training Area in the Waldviertel. [4] Other areas in use today include:

Czech Republic

Boletice Military Training Area VU Boletice - panorama.jpg
Boletice Military Training Area

There are four military training areas (MTAs) in the Czech Republic with the total area of 1,296 km2. They are run by "Military Regions" and have been used since 1994 for joint exercises and training between the Czech armed forces and its allies. This was initially carried out as part of Partnership for Peace Programme and subsequently with NATO. In addition, since 2001, the armed forces of Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the US have conducted national exercises on Czech MTAs. [5]

Denmark

Finland

Germany

British Challenger 2 main battle tanks at Bergen-Hohne TA Challenger 2 main battle tank on Hohne Ranges, Germany.jpg
British Challenger 2 main battle tanks at Bergen-Hohne TA

Ireland

Italy

Poland

  • Drawsko Training Ground (340 km2), belonging to the Polish Army and Air Force since 1946 and also used by NATO since 1996. This facility is internationally known as DPTA (Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area). It is also an important archeological excavation site.
  • Ośrodek Szkolenia Poligonowego Wojsk Lądowych Żagań (about 34,000 ha) in Żagań County and Bolesławiec County, belonging to the Polish Land Forces and also used by NATO[ citation needed ]
  • Poligon Bierdusko (about 7,300 ha) in Biedrusko near Poznań, mainly used for tank and artillery training.

Portugal

Spain

United Kingdom

The UK has six regional training areas and twenty two overseas training areas. [7]

North America

Canada

Oceania

Australia

Footnotes

  1. For example, there is guidance on public access to UK training areas at the HM Government website.

Related Research Articles

Canadian Forces Base Borden, formerly RCAF Station Borden, is a large Canadian Forces base located in Ontario. The historic birthplace of the Royal Canadian Air Force, CFB Borden is home to the largest training wing in the Canadian Armed Forces. The base is run by Canadian Forces Support Training Group (CFSTG) and reports to the Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) in Kingston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CFB Valcartier</span> Military base near Quebec City, Canada

2 Canadian Division Support Base Valcartier , formerly known as and commonly referred to as Canadian Forces Base Valcartier, is a Canadian Forces base located in the municipality of Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier, 8 nautical miles north northwest of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The 2nd Canadian Division is stationed at the base, comprising the 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group and the 2nd Canadian Division Support Group.

Canadian Forces Base Shilo is an operations and training base of the Canadian Armed Forces, located 35 km (22 mi) east of Brandon, Manitoba and adjacent to Sprucewoods. During the 1990s, Canadian Forces Base Shilo was also designated as an Area Support Unit, which acts as a local base of operations for south-west Manitoba in times of military and civil emergency.

5th Canadian Division Support Base Gagetown, formerly known as and commonly referred to as CFB Gagetown, is a large Canadian Forces Base covering an area over 1,100 km2 (420 sq mi), located in southwestern New Brunswick.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</span> Brigade of the Canadian Army

1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group is a Canadian Forces brigade group that is part of the 3rd Canadian Division of the Canadian Army. Originally headquartered at CFB Calgary, it is currently based in CFB Edmonton in Alberta with two major units at CFB Shilo in Manitoba, and consists of eight Regular Force units.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CFB Edmonton</span> Canadian Forces base

3rd Canadian Division Support Base Edmonton, formerly known as and commonly referred to as CFB Edmonton is a Canadian Forces base located in Sturgeon County adjacent to the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It is also known as Edmonton Garrison or "Steele Barracks".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4th Canadian Division Training Centre</span>

A service battalion is a unit of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) that provides combat service support to a brigade group and its elements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Forces Base Lahr</span> Airport in Lahr, Germany

Canadian Forces Base Lahr was a military operated commercial airport located in Lahr, Germany. It was operated primarily as a French air force base, and later as a Canadian army base, beginning in the late 1960s. The military base was closed in 1994 and converted to civilian use. It is now known as the Flughafen Lahr.

5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group is a Canadian Forces brigade group that is part of 2nd Canadian Division of the Canadian Army. It is based at CFB Valcartier, near Quebec City, Quebec. The brigade group is the formation responsible for the majority of francophone units of the regular army.

Canadian Forces Europe was the Canadian Forces military formation in Europe during the Cold War. The CF assisted other NATO allies in watching the military activities of Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group</span> Brigade of the Canadian Army

4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group was a formation of the Canadian Army, then Mobile Command of the unified Canadian Forces. It was part of the European formation known as Canadian Forces Europe. The formation served as the main forward deployed land element of Canada's armed forces, and was stationed in West Germany from 1957 until it was disbanded in 1993.

The Canadian Air-Sea Transportable Brigade Group, or CAST, was a Canadian Forces battle group dedicated to the rapid reinforcement of Norway in the event of a land war in Europe. The Group was based on a mechanized infantry brigade, supported by two Rapid Reinforcement Fighter Squadrons equipped with Canadair CF-5 fighters and a variety of supporting units. Manpower varied between 4,800 and 5,500 troops depending on how it was counted. CAST formed in 1968 as part of a widespread realignment of Canadian forces in Europe, and disbanded again in 1989 when the Forces were recombined into larger battalion sized group in West Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Combat Training Centre</span> Military unit

The Combat Training Centre is responsible for the individual training of Canadian Army soldiers and officers in military occupational classifications that are controlled by the Canadian Army. The centre is headquartered at the 5th Canadian Division Support Base Gagetown, New Brunswick, and maintains schools at CFB Kingston, 8 Wing Trenton and CFB Borden in Ontario. Originally known as the Combat Arms School, it was formed at Camp Borden, Ontario, in 1965, moving to CFB Gagetown in the early 1970's. It is a formation of the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre, the former Land Force Doctrine and Training System which was renamed as part of the reorganization of the Canadian Army on 18 July 2013.

The following is a hierarchical outline for the Canadian Armed Forces at the end of the Cold War. It is intended to convey the connections and relationships between units and formations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drawsko Training Ground</span> Training and proving ground in Poland

The Colonel Franciszek Sadowski Land Forces Training Centre in Drawsko, commonly known as the Drawsko Training Ground is a training and proving ground located approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of Drawsko Pomorskie, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The training ground was called the Flugplatz Gabbert of the German Reichswehr. Aside from being used by the Polish Army, it is also used by all member states of NATO.

References

  1. Military training areas can be important wildlife refuges: new study at mongabay.com. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  2. Training among endangered species at nato.int. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  3. Wolves in Germany Are Making a Comeback, And The Military Is Weirdly Helping at sciencealert.com. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  4. Truppenübungsplätze at aeiou.at. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  5. Military Regions at army.cz. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  6. Poligono Sperimentale e di Addestramento Interforze del Salto di Quirra
  7. The defence training estate at gov.uk. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

Literature