Mir EO-2

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Mir EO-2
Mission typeMir expedition
COSPAR ID OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Mission duration326 days (Romanenko) (launch to landing)
Expedition
Space Station Mir
Began5 February 1987, 21:38:03 (1987-02-05UTC21:38:03Z) UTC [1]
Ended29 December 1987, 09:16:00 (1987-12-29UTC09:17Z) UTC [2]
Arrived aboard Soyuz TM-2
Alexandrov: Soyuz TM-3 [2]
Departed aboard Soyuz TM-3
Laveykin: Soyuz TM-2
Crew
Crew sizeTwo
Members Yuri Romanenko
Aleksandr Laveykin
Aleksandr Aleksandrov
CallsignTamyr
Soyuz TM-2 mission patch.jpg
Long-term Mir expeditions
←  EO-1
EO-3  →
 

Mir EO-2 (also called Mir Principal Expedition 2 [3] ) was the second long duration expedition to the Soviet space station Mir, and it lasted from February to December 1987. The mission was divided into two parts (sometimes called (a) and (b) [3] ), the division occurring when one of the two crew members, Aleksandr Laveykin, was replaced part way through the mission by Aleksandr Aleksandrov. Laveykin was replaced because ground-based doctors had diagnosed him with minor heart problems. [1]

Contents

Background

The core module or Mir had been launched into orbit on 19 February 1986. [3] It had been visited twice by the crew of Soyuz T-15, between March and July 1986, who transferred equipment from the previous Soviet space station Salyut 7. [3] Prior to the arrival of EO-2, Mir was also visited by three Progress spacecraft, numbered 25, 26, and 27, as well as an unmanned Soyuz-TM spacecraft, designated TM-1. From July 1986 to the arrival of EO-2 in February, Mir remained unmanned. During this time an associated relay satellite ceased operation, and computers on Mir were malfunctioning. [3]

Progress 27 docked with the station on 18 January, and was still there when the EO-2 crew arrived. On 26 January, the Progress spacecraft boosted the station's mean altitude by 16 km to 345 km. [3]

Crew

The crew from February to July 1987, consisted of Commander Yuri Romanenko, and Flight Engineer Aleksandr Laveykin. From July to December 1987 the crew consisted of Romanenko and Aleksandr Aleksandrov.

Mir EO-2NameSpaceflightLaunchLandingDurationNotes
Flight Engineer Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Aleksandr Laveykin First5 February 1987
Soyuz TM-2 		30 July 1987
Soyuz TM-2		174 days
Commander Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Yuri Romanenko Third29 December 1987
Soyuz TM-3 		326 daysRecord spaceflight
duration
Flight Engineer Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Aleksandr Aleksandrov Second22 July 1987
Soyuz TM-3		160 days

EO-2 was originally planned to consist of Aleksandr Serebrov and Vladimir Titov, but shortly before launch of Soyuz TM-2 to start the expedition, the crew was changed to Romanenko and Laveykin, possibly due to illness. [4] Titov and Serebrov were listed as the backup crew for the mission. [1]

Mission highlights

The launch of Romanenko and Laveykin aboard TM-2 was broadcast live on TV; it was a night launch which occurred at about 1:30am local time. [4] It was the first manned launch of the new Soyuz-TM spacecraft.

Kvant docking

A drawing of the Kvant-1 module (without the Functional Service Module). Kvant module drawing.png
A drawing of the Kvant-1 module (without the Functional Service Module).

On 30 March 1987, the module Kvant-1 was launched; it was the second module of the space station Mir, and would add 40 m3 of pressurized volume to Mir, bringing the total to about 130 m3. [3] Attached to Kvant-1 was a Functional Service Module (FSM), which contained propellants, and was used to direct the module to Mir. At launch, the Kvant module had a mass of 11 tonnes, and the FSM had a mass of 9.6 tonnes. [3] At the time, this was the heaviest payload to be launched by a Proton rocket. [5] The automatic docking system was unable to dock the module completely with Mir on the first attempt. On April 5, the crew of EO-2 retreated to their lifeboat, Soyuz TM-2, in case the module lost control. [3]

The module drifted 400 km from the station before it was guided back of a second docking attempt, and on April 9 a partial docking between Kvant and Mir occurred. [3]

To determine the problem with the Kvant docking, both Romanenko and Laveykin took part in an emergency spacewalk on April 11. On the spacewalk they discovered some debris, probably a trash bag, was preventing the spacecraft from fully docking. [3] The spacewalk lasted 3 hours and 40 minutes. With the problem fixed, on April 11 Kvant achieved a complete docking to Mir. The next day the FSM was undocked from Kvant, as it was no longer needed, and it was placed in a parking orbit 41 km above Mir; over a year later it underwent uncontrolled reentry. [3]

April to July 1987

The crew first entered the Kvant-1 module on 13 April, when they began unloading equipment. On 23 April the next Progress spacecraft docked with the station via Kvant's rear docking port, where the FSM used to be. Progress 29 had a mass of 7,100 kg, [1] and undocked from the station on 11 May. During this time Mir was short on electricity, so for most of May the EO-2 crew performed activities that used little electricity, such as medical experiments or Earth observations. [3] On 22 May the next resupply craft arrived, Progress 30, which had a mass of 7,249 kg. [1] It remained docked until 19 July.

During June the EO-2 crew performed two spacewalks (EVAs) to install a new set of solar arrays, which would boost the electrical capacity of the station to 11.4 kW. [3]

Mir EP-1

The first visitors the EO-2 crew had come in July 1987 aboard the spacecraft Soyuz TM-3. The three man crew launched by TM-3 included the first Syrian astronaut, Muhammed Faris. The crew had originally been scheduled to visit Salyut 7 in 1985, but it was reassigned to Mir. [6] On July 24, the spacecraft automatically docked to the Kvant-1 port, but they had to use a lever to break the hatch's seal. [6] Shortly after the new arrivals floated into the station, it was publicly announced that Aleksandr Aleksandrov would replace Aleksandr Laveykin as one of the EO-2 long term crew members, and Laveykin would return to Earth a week later with the EP-1 crew. [6]

The desire to have favourable daylight conditions during passes over Syria was the primary motivation for the timing of the mission. [6] Several experiments were conducted with Faris on board, and Syria was observed from space.

On July 29, Soyuz TM-2 undocked from the station, and carried Faris, Viktorenko, and Laveykin. Once on the ground, Laveykin was flown to Moscow to be examined by heart specialists. They determined that he was fit to fly after all. [6]

August to December 1987

Of the six Progress spacecraft which docked with the station during EO-3, three of them arrived during the second segment: [7]

Handover to Mir EO-3

The spacecraft Soyuz TM-4 docked with Mir, via the rear port of Kvant, on 23 December. It brought to the station Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov of the next long-duration expedition EO-3. Also brought to the station was potential Buran space shuttle pilot, Anatoli Levchenko, who returned to Earth with the EO-2 crew. Levchenko's spaceflight, which lasted for the duration of the EO-2/EO-3 crew handover, is known as Mir LII-1.

See also

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Soyuz TM-2 1987 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soyuz TM-3</span> 1987 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir

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Mir EO-3 was an expedition to the space station Mir. The crew consisted of 3 people, Musa Manarov (Commander), Vladimir Titov and Valeri Polyakov. Manarov and Titov arrived at the station in December 1987 on Soyuz TM-4, while Polyakov arrived much later, in August 1988 on Soyuz TM-6. After the arrival of Polyakov, medical experiments became more intensive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mir EO-4</span> Fourth expedition to Mir space station

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Mir EO-8 Eighth expedition to Mir space station

Mir EO-8 was the eighth crewed expedition to the space station Mir, lasting from December 1990 to May 1991. The crew, consisting of Russian cosmonauts Viktor Afanasyev and Musa Manarov, launched along with space journalist Toyohiro Akiyama on December 2, 1990 aboard Soyuz TM-11. Akiyama returned aboard Soyuz TM-10 with the outgoing Mir EO-7 crew on December 10. Afanasyev and Manarov returned aboard Soyuz TM-11 on May 26, 1991.

Mir EO-12 was the twelfth manned expedition to the space station Mir, lasting from July 1992 until February 1993. The crew, consisting of Russian cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyev and Sergei Avdeyev launched aboard Soyuz TM-15 on 27 July 1992 with French Research Cosmonaut Michel Tognini. After remaining on board Mir for just over six months, Solovyev and Avdeyev returned aboard the same spacecraft on 1 February 1993.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Mir EO-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 9 April 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  2. 1 2 "Soyuz TM-3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 D.S.F. Portree (1995). "Mir Hardware Heritage" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  4. 1 2 Tim Furniss; David Shayler; Michael Derek Shayler (2007). Manned spaceflight log 1961-2006 . Praxis Publishing. pp.  836. ISBN   978-0-387-34175-0.
  5. ↑ "Kvant-1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Harland, David Michael (2005). The story of Space Station Mir . Praxis Publishing. pp.  424. ISBN   0-387-23011-4.
  7. ↑ "Mir LD-1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
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