Chad,officially the Republic of Chad,is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Libya to the north,Sudan to the east,the Central African Republic to the south,Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest,and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate,the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa".
The Chad National Army consists of the five Defence and Security Forces listed in Article 185 of the Chadian Constitution that came into effect on 4 May 2018. These are the National Army,the National Police,the National and Nomadic Guard (GNNT) and the Judicial Police. Article 188 of the Constitution specifies that National Defence is the responsibility of the Army,Gendarmerie and GNNT,whilst the maintenance of public order and security is the responsibility of the Police,Gendarmerie and GNNT.
Idriss Déby Itno was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the president of Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021 during the Northern Chad offensive. His term of office of more than 30 years makes him Chad's longest-serving president.
The Chadian Civil War of 2005–2010 began on December 18,2005. Since its independence from France in 1960,Chad has been swamped by civil wars between the Arab-Muslims of the north and the Sub-Saharan-Christians of the south. As a result,leadership and presidency in Chad drifted back and forth between the Christian southerners and Muslim northerners. When one side was in power,the other side usually started a revolutionary war to counter it.
The United Front for Democratic Change was a Chadian rebel alliance,made up of eight individual rebel groups,all with the goals of overthrowing the government of Chadian president Idriss Déby. It is now part of the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development. UFDC was founded between 26–28 December 2005 in Modeina in eastern Chad. FUC's "president" is Mahamat Nour Abdelkerim,the former leader of the Rally for Democracy and Liberty rebel group,"first vice president" Hassan Salleh Algadam,"second vice president" Abakar Tollimi,and "secretary-general" Abdelwahit About. On 18 December the RDL and another allied rebel group,Platform for Change,Unity and Democracy,attacked the city of Adré. The attack was repulsed by the Chadian military,and the Chadian government accused the Sudanese government of supporting the rebels,which Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir denies. Chad declared a "state of belligerance" with Sudan on 23 December 2005,resulting in the Chad-Sudan Conflict. The result was the Tripoli Agreement.
Abdelwahid Aboud Mackaye is a Chadian insurgent leader involved in the war to topple the Chadian President Idriss Déby. Originally a fighter in the Democratic Revolutionary Council (CDR) militia during the first Chadian Civil War,under Déby he became a civil servant before defecting to the rebels in 2003. After having been for a time first in the FUC and later in the UFDD,he has founded in 2007 the UFDD-Fundamental,which has participated in February 2008 to the unsuccessful attack on N'Djamena.
The Tripoli Agreement was signed on February 8,2006,by Chadian President Idriss Déby,Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir,and Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi,effectively ending the Chadian–Sudanese conflict that has devastated border towns in eastern Chad and the Darfur region of western Sudan since December 2005.
Mediation of the Chadian-Sudanese conflict began shortly after the government of Chad declared an "état de belligérance",or 'state of belligerency' with Sudan. on December 23,2005. The BBC translated "belligérance" as "war".
The alleged raidonAmdjereme took place in Amdjereme,Chad on March 6,2006,only two weeks after Chad and Sudan signed the Tripoli Accord in which the governments of the two nations pledged to end support for rebels operating in their respective countries. According to Chadian forces,the attack began when Janjaweed,Sudanese militiamen,aided by the Government of Sudan,crossed the border from Sudan into Chad and raided the town of Amdjereme. According to Chadian Minister of Communications Hourmadji Moussa Doumgor the Janjaweed stole "700 camels,1,000 cows and 1,500 sheep and other goods belonging to these peaceful citizens. This new janjawid attack constitutes a flagrant violation of the Tripoli Accord and the Sudanese government should be held responsible. This latest incursion by Sudanese government militia undermines efforts backed by the African Union and Libya to seek a lasting solution to the conflict between the two countries."
Presidential elections were held in Chad on 3 May 2006. A referendum in 2005 had led to changes to the constitution that made it possible for President Idriss Déby to run for a third term;having come to power in December 1990,he had previously won elections in 1996 and 2001. Despite a serious rebellion based in the east of the country,the elections were held on schedule;Déby was re-elected with about 65% of the vote,according to official results. The main opposition parties boycotted the election.
The Rally of Forces for Change,formerly the Rally of Democratic Forces is a Chadian rebel group formed mainly by Zaghawa,ethnic group to which President Idriss Déby belonged,deserters from the Chadian government and army and led by Timane and his twin brother Tom Erdimi. It is currently allied to the United Front for Democratic Change rebel group and both were dedicated to overthrowing Erdimi's uncle,Chadian President Idriss Déby and his administration. As of May 1,2006,RFC has a significant presence in the cities of Guéréda,Tissi and Adré. The 12,000 troops that make up the RFC were expected to disrupt the 2006 presidential elections,but they did not,and President Déby returned to power.
Events from the year 2007 in Chad.
General Mahamat Nouri is a Chadian insurgent leader who currently commands the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD). A Muslim from northern Chad,he began his career as a FROLINAT rebel,and when the group's Second Army split in 1976 he sided with his kinsman Hissène Habré. As Habré's associate he obtained in 1978 the first of the many ministerial positions in his career,becoming Interior Minister in a coalition government. When Habréreached the presidency in 1982,Nouri was by his side and played an important role in the regime.
The Battle of N'Djamena began on February 2,2008,when Chadian rebel forces opposed to Chadian President Idriss Déby entered N'Djamena,the capital of Chad,after a three-day advance through the country. The rebels were initially successful,taking a large part of the city and attacking the heavily defended presidential palace. They did not capture the palace,and after two days of fighting they withdrew to outside the city. Around two days later they retreated east.
The following details notable events from the year 2008 in Chad. Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north,Sudan to the east,the Central African Republic to the south,Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest,and Niger to the west.
Mahamat Idriss "Kaka" Déby Itno is a Chadian four-star general serving as the transitional president of Chad. He gained power as the president of the Transitional Military Council on 20 April 2021 when his father,the late Chadian President Idriss Déby,died in action while commanding troops in the Northern Chad offensive. He previously served as the second in-command of the military for the Chadian Intervention in Northern Mali (FATIM).
The Front for Change and Concord in Chad,or FACT,is a political and military organisation created by SG Mahamat Mahdi Ali in March 2016 in Tanua,in the north of Chad,with the goal of overthrowing the government of Chad. It is a splinter group of the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD). Ali declared his preparation for military operations against President Idriss Déby. The group was responsible for the death of Déby in April 2021,when he was killed while commanding troops on the frontline fighting the militants.
The Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic is a Chadian militant rebel group that seeks to overthrow the government of Chad. Founded in 2016,it currently operates in the border regions of northern Chad,southern Libya,eastern Niger,and western Sudan. The CCMSR has become involved in the Second Libyan Civil War,and took control of the Kouri Bougoudi area in northern Chad in 2018.
The Northern Chad offensive was a military offensive in Northern Chad,initiated by the Chadian rebel group Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT),took place from 11 April to 9 May 2021. It began in the Tibesti Region in the north of the country following the 2021 Chadian presidential election.
In 2016,the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT) and the Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic (CCMSR) began a rebellion against the Chadian government. From their rear bases in southern Libya,FACT and CCMSR have launched offensives and raids into Northern Chad seeking to overthrow the government of former president Idriss Déby,who had been in power since a December 1990 coup. Other rebel groups are also involved in the insurgency,though to a lesser extent.
Chad (from 2006)