National Socialist Underground murders

Last updated

National Socialist Underground murders
Ddpimages 8.71706826-600x387.jpg
Suspects of Bosphorus serial murders: [1] Beate Zschäpe, Uwe Böhnhardt and Uwe Mundlos.
LocationAcross Germany
Date9 September 2000 to 25 April 2007
TargetImmigrants
Attack type
 Serial killing, hate crime
Weapons 7.65mm CZ 83 pistol, nail bomb
Deaths10
Injured25
Perpetrators National Socialist Underground (Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund)

The National Socialist Underground murders (German : NSU-Mordserie) were a series of racist murders by the German Neo-Nazi terrorist group National Socialist Underground (Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund; abbreviated NSU). The NSU perpetrated the attacks between 2000 and 2007 throughout Germany, leaving ten people dead and one wounded. The primary targets were ethnic Turks, though the victims also included one ethnic Greek and one ethnic German policewoman.

Contents

Most of the victims were small business owners, including doner kebab vendors and greengrocers. They were murdered in daylight with gunshots at close range with a silenced CZ 83 pistol. According to the parents of a Turkish victim who worked in an Internet café, the police originally suspected foreign organised criminals. Policewoman Michèle Kiesewetter was also shot and killed and the police officer on patrol with her was critically wounded. Other crimes, including a bomb attack, may have been committed by the group. German authorities identified three suspects, Uwe Böhnhardt, Uwe Mundlos, and Beate Zschäpe as responsible for the murders. According to the acting Attorney General of Germany, Rainer Greisbaum, the suspects had Neo-Nazi links. [2] Böhnhardt and Mundlos were found dead by police after they robbed a bank on 4 November 2011. Police said they killed themselves. [3] Zschäpe surrendered on 11 November 2011. She was charged with murder, attempted murder, arson, and belonging to a terrorist organization. Zschäpe said she was only willing to testify if she was considered a state witness, with mitigation of sentence.[ citation needed ] The police discovered an alleged hit-list of 88 names that included "two prominent members of the Bundestag and representatives of Turkish and Islamic groups". [4]

For years, Bavarian State Police denied that the crimes were racially motivated, blaming them on immigrant communities instead. [5] As the right-wing connection with these crimes began to be investigated, it was discovered that sectors of German intelligence could have had links with the NSU and had prior knowledge of the nature of the killings. [6] Large sums were paid by the intelligence service to informants, who spent the money to fund their far-right activities. [7] Families of the victims have submitted a report to the United Nations, accusing Bavarian police of racism during the investigation. [8]

The serial murders were previously called the Bosphorus serial murders (Mordserie Bosporus) by the German authorities, [9] with the derogatory term Kebab murders (Döner-Morde) being frequently used by the press. [10]

Background

Beate Zschäpe (2 January 1975), Uwe Böhnhardt (1 October 1977 – 4 November 2011) and Uwe Mundlos (11 August 1973 – 4 November 2011) were the founding members of the National Socialist Underground. The three grew up in Jena, a town in the former East Germany state of Thuringia. Zschäpe met Mundlos at a local youth club while they were both adolescents and they began a romantic relationship. In 1994, the then 19-year-old Zschäpe fell in love with Böhnhardt, whom she met through Mundlos. As the 1990s continued, the three of them became involved in the far-right, neo-Nazi scene developing in the states of the former GDR. They engaged in street fights with an anti-fascist group, attended far-right concerts, and even wore home-made SS uniforms to the former Buchenwald concentration camp. [11] Following the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the reintegration of East Germany, neo-Nazi attacks were on the rise in the states of former Eastern Germany. After becoming further radicalized, Zschäpe, Mundlos, and Böhnhardt joined the neo-Nazi Group Thuringia Home Guard (Thuringer Heimatschutz).

Following a tip-off from the Federal Intelligence Service (BND), the local Jena Police Force raided a storage garage Zschäpe, Mundlos, and Böhnhardt rented in Jena in 1998. In this raid police found TNT and other bomb-making materials as well as a large amount of anti-Semitic material; however, it failed to capture Zschäpe, Mundlos, or Böhnhardt. The three went into hiding following the raid and fled to Saxony with the aid of other far-right neo-Nazi groups. [8]

Over the following 13 years, eight Turkish-Germans, one Greek, and a German police officer were found murdered across Germany. All but one of these murders were committed using the same rare Ceska 83 pistol and witnesses described two men fleeing on bicycles. German police had little information to go on past this and had not even connected the crimes due to them being committed in different jurisdictions. [8] Investigations carried out by the police followed several theories including that the murders were being carried out by the Turkish mafia with the Nuremberg police even going as far as setting up a fake kebab stall in order to lure out members of the Turkish Mafia. When asked about a link between the crime and neo-Nazis, the chief investigator of the Munich Murder Commission, Josef Wilfling, responded "Have you ever seen a Nazi on a bike?" [12]

Crimes involved

Timeline of the years when murders were committed; each square shows number of murder(s) in the particular month (if any); series ends in April 2006; green mark shows time of detention of the suspect male Bosporusmurders no text.png
Timeline of the years when murders were committed; each square shows number of murder(s) in the particular month (if any); series ends in April 2006; green mark shows time of detention of the suspect male
Germany adm location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Nuremberg
#1: 2000‑09‑09
#2: 2001‑06‑13
#6: 2005‑06‑09
Red pog.svg
Hamburg
#3: 2001‑06‑27
Red pog.svg
Munich
#4: 2001‑08‑29
#7: 2005‑06‑15
Red pog.svg
Rostock
#5: 2004‑02‑25
Red pog.svg
Dortmund
#8: 2006‑04‑04
Red pog.svg
Kassel
#9: 2006‑04‑06
Red pog.svg
Heilbronn
#10: 2007‑04‑25
class=notpageimage|
Crime scenes of the Bosphorus murder series in Germany

Murder of Enver Şimşek

Enver Şimşek was a 38-year-old business man with Turkish roots who operated several flower stalls in southern Germany. When his employee running the stall in Nuremberg went on holidays, Şimşek himself stepped in for him, and in the afternoon of 9 September 2000 he was shot in the face by two gunmen, and died from his wounds in hospital two days later. He was the first victim in the series. One of the guns used to kill Şimşek was used in nine more murders. [13]

Murder of Abdurrahim Özüdoğru

On 13 June 2001, Abdurrahim Özüdoğru was killed by two shots in the head with the same weapon already used in the murder of Enver Şimşek. Özüdoğru, who worked as a machinist for a company in Nuremberg, had been helping out in a tailor's shop; the murder was discovered by a passer-by who looked through the shop window and saw the body sitting in the back of the shop, covered in blood. [13]

Murder of Süleyman Taşköprü

On 27 June 2001 between 10:45 and 11:15 a.m, Süleyman Taşköprü, aged 31, died in his greengrocer's shop in Hamburg-Bahrenfeld after being shot in the head three times. This was two weeks after the second murder, and the same guns as in the first case were used, a CZ 83 and a 6.35 mm gun. [14]

Murder of Habil Kılıç

On 29 August 2001 Habil Kılıç became the fourth victim. Kılıç, aged 38, who was married and had a daughter, was shot at point-blank range in his greengrocer's shop in Munich-Ramersdorf. This was the first of two murders in Munich. [15]

Murder of Mehmet Turgut

Two and a half years later, in Rostock-Toitenwinkel, on the morning of Ash Wednesday, 25 February 2004, between 10:10 and 10:20, [16] Mehmet Turgut was shot three times in the head and neck with a silenced CZ 83 and died instantaneously. Turgut, who had been living illegally in Hamburg, was in Rostock on a visit and had been asked by an acquaintance to open up a doner kebab shop that day. Because of Turgut's link to Hamburg, Rostock police made the connection to the third victim, Süleyman Taşköprü, thus establishing the term döner murders. [17]

Murder of İsmail Yaşar

On 9 June 2005 the murderers struck for the third time in Nuremberg. İsmail Yaşar, aged 50, had come from Suruç, Turkey to Nuremberg, and owned a kebab shop in Scharrerstrasse. He was found dead at approximately 10:15 with five gunshot wounds. Witness statements led Police to believe he had been killed between 9:50 and 10:05. [18]

Murder of Theodoros Boulgarides

On 15 June 2005 between 18:15 and 19:00 locksmith Theodoros Boulgarides was killed in his shop in the vicinity of the other murder in Munich. Boulgarides left a wife and two daughters; he was the second murder victim in Munich. A Greek, he was the first non-Turk to die. [19]

Murder of Mehmet Kubaşık

In Dortmund, in the early afternoon of 4 April 2006, kiosk vendor Mehmet Kubaşık, a German citizen of Turkish origin, was found dead in his shop. Like the majority of the other victims, Kubaşık had been shot in the head. [20]

Murder of Halit Yozgat

On 6 April 2006, just two days after the murder of Kubaşık, Halit Yozgat became the penultimate victim in the series of murders, and the last of ethnic Turkish origin. Yozgat, who ran an Internet café in Kassel, Hesse, was also shot in the head with a silenced gun. On the occasion of this murder an agent of the Hessian Office for the Protection of the Constitution was present. The agent claimed first to have left the premises shortly before the murder, but later changed his statement when presented with evidence of witnesses who had seen him present when the murder happened. His involvement with the case gave rise to suspicions that government agencies might be linked to the organisation responsible for the murders. [21] [22]

Murder of Michèle Kiesewetter

On 25 April 2007, police officer Michèle Kiesewetter and her duty-partner were attacked during their lunch break. Kiesewetter, age 22, was killed and her partner was critically wounded but survived with no memory of the attack. Both were shot involving directly aimed headshots at point blank range while sitting in the patrol car with the shooters approaching their vehicle from both sides. Kiesewetter died on site; her male partner was in a coma for several weeks. While in the other cases the motive is assumed to be xenophobia and/or racism, it is unclear why Kiesewetter and her partner were attacked; theories include a variety of motives, such as a personal link between Kiesewetter, who came from Oberweißbach in Thuringia, and the alleged perpetrators who all came from Thuringia, or the acquisition of firearms. The duty-pistols of Kiesewetter and her partner were found on 4 November 2011 at the caravan where Böhnhardt and Mundlos died, giving rise to the belief that this attack was linked to the Bosphorus murder series.

Perpetrators

A 7.65 mm caliber CZ 83 handgun as used for the murders CZ 83-JH01.jpg
A 7.65 mm caliber CZ 83 handgun as used for the murders

Original suspicions

Originally, suspicions surrounded the family and friends of the victims. [23] German security services also blamed the murders on the Turkish mafia during the period of killings. [24] Right-wing groups were never mentioned and investigated. [24]

Aftermath

In November 2011, German Chancellor Angela Merkel stated that "the cold-blooded murders of nine immigrant shopkeepers by Neo-Nazis is an inconceivable crime for Germany and a national disgrace". [25] In January 2012, the term "Döner-Morde" (English: Kebab Murders) was named the German Un-Word of the Year for 2011 by a jury of linguistic scholars, who considered its usage as inappropriate and inhuman. [26] On 4 November 2016, following the recent meetings in German parliament on the topic; Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ of Turkey has openly criticized Germany's handling of the inexcusable hatred crimes against people of non-German origin, mainly Turks. Bozdağ voiced his country's "deep concern" over the slow and vague case process. [27]

List of victims

NameLocationDate
Şimşek, EnverNuremberg9 September 2000
Özüdoğru, AbdurrahimNuremberg13 June 2001
Taşköprü, SüleymanHamburg27 June 2001
Kılıç, HabilMunich29 August 2001
Turgut, MehmetRostock25 February 2004
Yaşar, İsmailNuremberg9 June 2005
Boulgarides, TheodorosMunich15 June 2005
Kubaşık, MehmetDortmund4 April 2006
Yozgat, HalitKassel6 April 2006
Kiesewetter, MichèleHeilbronn25 April 2007

NSU trial

Court proceedings

Beate Zschäpe turned herself into police after setting fire to the apartment that she shared with Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Böhnhardt in Zwickau, Saxony. At this time, a video began circulating amongst German media in which the cartoon character the Pink Panther linked all of the unsolved crimes to the neo-Nazi group Zschäpe, Mundlos, and Böhnhardt founded named the National Socialist Underground. The NSU murder trial began on 6 May 2013. On 13 November 2017 the trial concluded its evidence and examination phase and moved on to the closing statements phase. [28] It ended on 11 July 2018 in a verdict of Guilty. On trial were:

In her defense, Zschäpe's attorneys argued that she is innocent and had no part in the murders they say were committed by Mundlos and Böhnhardt. Zschäpe maintained her silence for more than two years and told her version of the events in form of a written statement read by one of her attorneys in December 2015. In it, she expressed regret to the victims' families that "she was unable to do anything to stop her associates from murdering their loved ones." [8]

Suspicions of state complicity

One of the more controversial subjects to come to light during the NSU murder trial is the level of cooperation and support that neo-Nazi informants and organizations receive from the Federal Office for Protection of the Constitution (BfV), Germany's domestic security agency. The BfV began cultivating informants from Germany's neo-Nazi groups in the early and mid-1990s to deal with the rise in anti-immigrant crime like the Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots of 1992. [8] During the trial it became clear that BfV informants were aware or potentially aware of the homicides and other crimes attributed to the NSU and that this information was not shared with local police. [8] Reports exist that one undercover intelligence agent who harbored right-wing sympathies was at the site of one of the murders. [5] The agent was known in the village where he grew up as "little Adolf" in his youth. [29]

At the trial, members of the BfV admitted to shredding files on NSU informants after the crimes of the terrorist group were exposed. [7] Families of the victims have accused the office of trying to protect the identity of informants. [7] Criticism led to the voluntary resignation of its president Heinz Fromm in 2012. [30]

In December 2018, five German police officers were suspended from their posts after Seda Basay-Yildiz, a Turkish-German lawyer who had defended the family of one of the victims of the NSU, was faxed a death threat against her two-year-old daughter. The fax was signed "NSU 2.0". [31] An investigation concluded that, just before the fax was sent, a Frankfurt police computer had accessed a confidential database to obtain Basay-Yildiz's address. The phones of the police officers who were on duty at the moment were confiscated, and it was found that many were exchanging racist and far-right messages in a group chat, [31] and posting pictures of Hitler and swastikas. [32]

A few months before, a scandal broke out when it was discovered that special forces officers used "Uwe Böhnhardt" (after one of the NSU murderers) as a codename during a visit of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. [33]

Police and media bias

Until 2011 German police and intelligence services denied the racist motivation of the murders and instead treated immigrant families as suspects, [33] accusing the victims of being involved in the drug trade and their relatives of withholding information that could help solve the crimes. [34] [8] German media went along with the police line and both glibly referred to the murders as "döner killings", after a Turkish dish. [8] [35] As the neo-Nazi connection to the crimes was found, German media coverage of the murders was lambasted as xenophobic and dehumanizing towards the victims. [36]

According to Amnesty International, families of the victims, and minority communities as a whole, became the target of police suspicions "despite the absence of reasonable grounds for believing that they are involved in the crimes." [8] Theodoros Boulgarides' wife, for example, accused the police of lying to her about her husband by falsely saying he had a mistress, in a bid to convince her to confess his murder. His daughter was also asked if she ever suffered sexual abuse at the hands of her father. [8]

The son of the first victim, Enver Şimşek, said of media coverage of his case: "First my mother was accused, then my uncle, then everyone around us was constantly under investigation. That went on for eleven years. My father wasn't treated like he was the victim; instead he got the blame. It was the whole of the media. Whether it was the so-called 'kebab murders' of Turkish people or drug offenses. The press always said my father was to blame. And that's how we felt." [35]

Relatives of the victims submitted a report to the United Nations, accusing the Bavarian police of mishandling the case due to systemic racism. [8]

For almost every murder in this case, the report says, testimony was provided by eyewitnesses that the perpetrators had a "German appearance," and their descriptions matched those of Mundlos and Böhnhardt. The police, however, failed to pursue that line of investigation. [8]

The police also blamed people of the Roma community for the death of the German policewoman despite the lack of any clue in that direction. A psychological report cited by the police in the investigation of this case contains racist remarks about a Roma suspect and people from his ethnic background. [8]

Verdict

On 11 July 2018 Beate Zschäpe was found guilty of ten counts of murder, membership in a terror organization and arson, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Her accomplices were convicted as follows:

Accomplices

Like Zschäpe, the co-defendants were known to German authorities before the existence of the NSU—whose name alludes to the official name of Adolf Hitler's National Socialist German Workers' Party—came to light.

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>The Turner Diaries</i> 1978 novel by William Luther Pierce

The Turner Diaries is a 1978 fiction novel by William Luther Pierce, a neo-Nazi and the founder and chairman of National Alliance, a white nationalist group, published under the pseudonym Andrew Macdonald. It depicts a violent revolution in the United States which leads to the overthrow of the federal government, a nuclear war, and ultimately a race war which leads to the systematic extermination of non-whites and Jews. All groups opposed by the novel's protagonist, Earl Turner—including Jews, non-white people, "liberal actors," and politicians—are murdered en masse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stadelheim Prison</span> Prison in Munich, Germany

Stadelheim Prison, in Munich's Giesing district, is one of the largest prisons in Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1993 Solingen arson attack</span> Neo-Nazi arson attack on Turkish home in Solingen

The Solingen arson attack was one of the most severe instances of xenophobic violence in modern Germany. On the night of 28–29 May 1993, four young German men belonging to the far right skinhead scene, with neo-Nazi ties, set fire to the house of a large Turkish family in Solingen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Three girls and two women died; fourteen other family members, including several children, were injured, some of them severely. The attack led to violent protests by Turkish diaspora members in several German cities and to large demonstrations of other Germans expressing solidarity with the Turkish victims. In October 1995, the perpetrators were convicted of arson and murder and given prison sentences between 10 and 15 years. The convictions were upheld on appeal.

Uwe Böhnhardt was a German right-wing extremist who was one of three core members of National Socialist Underground (NSU), a neo-Nazi terror group that included scores of associates providing logistical support to the core trio. The other two core members were Uwe Mundlos and Beate Zschäpe. It is believed that Böhnhardt was killed in 2011 by Mundlos in an apparent murder-suicide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uwe Mundlos</span> German neo-Nazi murderer (1973–2011)

Uwe Mundlos was a German neo-Nazi, right-wing terrorist and serial killer. Together with Uwe Böhnhardt and Beate Zschäpe, he formed the nucleus of the terrorist group National Socialist Underground (NSU), which was responsible for 10 murders, 43 attempted murders, 3 explosive attacks, and 15 bank robberies in Germany between 1998 and 2011. He died after a bank robbery led to his discovery by police, presumably by suicide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beate Zschäpe</span> German far-right extremist

Beate Zschäpe is a German far-right extremist and a member of the National Socialist Underground (NSU), a neo-Nazi terrorist organization. In July 2018, she was sentenced to life imprisonment for numerous crimes committed in connection with the NSU, including murder and arson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 Cologne bombing</span> Bombing in a Turkish area of Cologne, Germany

On 9 June 2004, a nail bomb detonated in Cologne, Germany, in a business area popular with immigrants from Turkey. Twenty-two people were wounded, with four sustaining serious injuries. A barber shop was destroyed; many shops and numerous parked cars were seriously damaged by the explosion and by the nails added to the bomb for extra damage. Authorities initially excluded the possibility of a terrorist attack. The bomb, which contained more than 800 nails, was hidden in a travel compartment on a bicycle left in front of the barber shop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Socialist Underground</span> German neo-Nazi terrorist group

The National Socialist Underground, or NSU, was a far-right German neo-Nazi terrorist group which was uncovered in November 2011. The NSU is mostly associated with Uwe Mundlos, Uwe Böhnhardt and Beate Zschäpe, who lived together under false identities. Between 100 and 150 further associates were identified who supported the core trio in their decade-long underground life and provided them with money, false identities and weapons. Unlike other terror groups, the NSU had not claimed responsibility for their actions. The group's existence was discovered only after the deaths of Böhnhardt and Mundlos, and the subsequent arrest of Zschäpe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Socialist Underground trial</span> Trial against a right-wing terrorist organization in Germany

The NSU trial or National Socialist Underground trial was a trial in Germany against several people in connection with the National Socialist Underground (NSU) – an extreme-right terrorist organization – and the NSU murders. It took place between 6 May 2013 and 11 July 2018 in Munich before the Munich Higher Regional Court. The trial was notable for being one of the largest, longest and most expensive in German history and made public claims of institutionalized racism within the German police force who for years ruled out Neo-Nazis as potential suspects in the killings and instead focused on suspects with Turkish backgrounds," going so far as to name their investigation "Bosporus."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Memorial to the Victims of National Socialist 'Euthanasia' Killings</span> Memorial in Berlin, Germany

The Memorial and Information Point for the Victims of National Socialist Euthanasia Killings is a memorial in Berlin, Germany to the victims of Nazi Germany's state-sponsored involuntarily euthanasia program. Over 70,000 people were murdered between 1940–41 under official order of Aktion T4. Despite the program's technical cessation in August 1941, the killings continued in state-run institutions and care facilities until Germany's surrender in 1945. This amounted to a death toll of approximately 300,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Michèle Kiesewetter</span> German police officer (1984–2007)

Michèle Kiesewetter, a German police officer, was killed by neo-Nazi terrorists. On the 25 April 2007, Michèle Kiesewetter and her partner were on patrol in their police car. At approximately 2:00p.m., they stopped in a corner of a large parking lot in Heilbronn to have a lunch break. Shortly after, both officers were ambushed and shot in the head by two gunmen, approaching from behind the vehicle. Michèle Kiesewetter, sitting in the driver's seat, was fatally injured. Her partner, sitting in the passenger's seat, was heavily injured, but survived the attack. When the police and the ambulance arrived on the scene, both officers were lying on the ground, next to their car, and their handguns and handcuffs were stolen. The gunmen have also been implicated with the murders of nine other people, most with Turkish roots, between 2000 and 2006, the so-called NSU murders.

NSU German History X is the American name for the 2016 German TV miniseries Mitten in Deutschland: NSU. The three-part series dramatizes the true events and characters of the National Socialist Underground, a neo-Nazi German terrorist group that was uncovered in November 2011.

Helmut Roewer is a German lawyer and author. He served between 1994 and 2000 as president of the regional office for protection of the constitution in Thuringia. This is a state-level security agency. Controversy in respect of his time in office has persisted, although he himself robustly rejects most of the criticisms of his decisions made at that time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ralf Wohlleben</span>

Ralf Wohlleben is a German Neo-Nazi and was a supporter of the terrorist group Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund (NSU). He was deputy state chairman and press spokesman of the Nationaldemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (NPD) in Thuringia, and chairman of the district association of the NPD Jena. He is one of the leading Neo-Nazis in the Free State of Thuringia. On 11 July 2018, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

PC Records is a German Neo-Nazi music label. The label is an artistic outlet for the Chemnitz Neo-Nazi scene and one of the most active of the far-right and "Rock Against Communism" music scene in Germany. PC Records is releasing some of the most regionally popular Neo-Nazi bands. Several of the albums released by the label have been indexed for Neo-Fascist content. The label includes a shop and a mailorder business. The name "PC" refers to the phrase "Political Correctness, no thanks!"

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanau shootings</span> Terrorist attacks in Hanau, Hesse, Germany

The Hanau shootings occurred on 19 February 2020, when eleven people were killed and five others wounded in a terrorist shooting spree by a far-right extremist targeting a shisha bar, a bar and a kiosk in Hanau, near Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. After the attacks, the gunman returned to his apartment, where he killed his mother and then committed suicide. The massacre was called an act of terrorism by the German Minister of Internal Affairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khubaib-Ali Mohammed</span>

Khubaib-Ali Mohammed is a German criminal defense lawyer with Pakistani roots.

Enver Şimşek was a Turkish-born businessman in Germany who was the first victim of the series of murders by the National Socialist Underground (NSU) terrorist group. The owner of a flower shop in Schlüchtern in Hesse, he was gunned down on 9 September 2000 at a mobile flower stand in Nuremberg. Two days later he died in a hospital as a result of injuries sustained in the attack.

Peggy Knobloch was a nine-year-old girl from Lichtenberg, Bavaria, who was kidnapped and murdered on 7 May 2001. Her body was located 15 years later in a wooded area near Wurzbach. In 2020, investigators shelved the investigation of her murder without solving it. Some newspapers refer to her as the "German Madeleine McCann".

References

  1. ↑ "Döner-Mörder: Waren sie Einzeltäter oder gibt es ein Netzwerk?". Deutsch Türkische Nachrichten (in German). Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  2. ↑ "Video – Bundesstaatsanwalt: Polizisten- und Döner-Morde wohl Tat von Neonazis". Stern (in German). Archived from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  3. ↑ "Mordserie in Deutschland: Bundesrichter erlässt Haftbefehl gegen Beate Z." Focus (in German). Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  4. ↑ Pidd, Helen; Harding, Luke (16 November 2011). "German neo-Nazi terrorists had 'hitlist' of 88 political targets". The Guardian . London. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
  5. 1 2 "Germany's brown army faction?". Maclean's . 7 December 2011.
  6. ↑ "Germany shocked by secret service link to rightwing terror cell". The Guardian. 15 November 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 "Neo-Nazi murder trial reveals German police racism and spy agency obstruction, lawyers say". Ahval News . 27 July 2018.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kushner, Jacob (16 March 2017). "10 Murders, 3 Nazis, and Germany's Moment of Reckoning". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  9. ↑ "Ungeklärte Fälle – Landespolizei Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" (in German). Archived from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  10. ↑ Kulish, Nicholas (14 November 2011). "Neo-Nazis Suspected in Wave of Crimes in Germany". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
  11. ↑ Meaney, Thomas; Saskia Schafer (15 December 2016). "The neo-Nazi murder trial revealing Germany's darkest secrets". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  12. ↑ Burschel, Friedrich (22 July 2016). "Searching for Justice". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  13. 1 2 Przybilla, Olaf (6 August 2010). "Mysteriöse Mordserie – Es geschah am helllichten Tag". Süddeutsche Zeitung Digitale Medien. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  14. ↑ Polizeinews Archived 19 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Hamburg Hansestadt, Hamburg, 18 July 2007
  15. ↑ "München: Zwei der neun Döner-Morde in Ramersdorf und im Westend" (in German). merkur-online. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  16. ↑ "ARD-Doku über Neonazi-Opfer. Die Schande". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  17. ↑ "Neonazi-Verbrechen: Der fünfte Mord". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  18. ↑ BKA Bosporus Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ Münchner Abendzeitung, 14 November 2011
  20. ↑ "Kopfschüsse in Dortmund: Serienmörder schlägt zum achten Mal zu". Der Spiegel (in German). 7 April 2006. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  21. ↑ "Kasseler Mord in neuem Licht: Verdächtiger Verfassungsschützer". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  22. ↑ Die Zeit, 17 November 2011
  23. ↑ Sultan, Christopher; ANDREA BRANDT; JÜRGEN DAHLKAMP; MAXIMILIAN POPP; UFUK UCTA (13 December 2011). "Suspicions Destroyed Lives of Victims' Relatives". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  24. 1 2 Adler, Katya (27 March 2012). "Germany's new breed of neo-Nazis pose a threat". BBC. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  25. ↑ Eddy, Melissa (14 November 2011). "World News: Series of murders by neo-Nazis 'a disgrace,' says Germany's Merkel". Toronto Star . Associated Press. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  26. ↑ "Kebab-Murders called worst word of 2011.". The Local, 17 January 2012
  27. ↑ "'İç işlerimize karışmak Merkel'in haddine değil'" (in Turkish). Deutsche Welle Türkçe. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  28. ↑ "13 November 2017 Minutes". NSU Trial Reports. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  29. ↑ "Neo-Nazi terror scandal grows in Germany". The Guardian. 16 November 2011.
  30. ↑ German Spy Chief Quits over Botched Terror Probe Der Spiegel . Last accessed 12 November 2013.
  31. 1 2 Josie Le Blond (17 December 2018). "Five German police suspended over neo-Nazi threat to lawyer". The Guardian.
  32. ↑ "Probe over neo-Nazi network in German police widens". Daily Sabah . 23 March 2019.
  33. 1 2 "German police use neo-Nazi codename amid Erdoğan visit". Hürriyet Daily News . 29 September 2018.
  34. ↑ "German authorities' many failures in investigating the NSU". DW News. 11 July 2018.
  35. 1 2 "Neo-Nazi NSU member Beate Zschäpe found guilty of murder, sentenced to life in prison". DW News. 11 July 2018.
  36. ↑ "Neo-Nazi Killings Expose Broad German Xenophobia". Der Spiegel . 17 November 2011.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.