Nieuwe Zakelijkheid

Last updated
Nirwana-flat in The Hague, by J. Duiker and J.G. Wiebenga Nirwana Den Haag 2007.jpg
Nirwana-flat in The Hague, by J. Duiker and J.G. Wiebenga

Nieuwe Zakelijkheid, translated as New Objectivity or New Pragmatism, is a Dutch period of modernist architecture that started in the 1920s and continued into the 1930s. The term is also used to denote a (brief) period in art and literature (especially the early novels Blokken, Knorrende Beesten, and Bint by Ferdinand Bordewijk [1] ). Related to and descended from the German movement Neue Sachlichkeit, Nieuwe Zakelijkheid is characterized by angular shapes and designs that are generally free of ornamentation and decoration. The architecture is based on functional considerations and often includes open layouts that allow spaces to be used with flexibility. Sliding doors were included in some of the designs. [2]

Contents

CHV-silo in Veghel, by J.G. Wiebenga T.T Graansilo CHV-Terrein Veghel - Cropped.jpg
CHV-silo in Veghel, by J.G. Wiebenga

The movement is associated with Het Nieuwe Bouwen (new building) and was contemporary and related to cubism and De Stijl, and applies similar design principles to architecture. [3] Dutch architects working in this style included Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld, and J.J.P. Oud. [4] The architectural style is similar to the artwork of Piet Mondrian, who was working contemporaneously with the architects. Common influences are also seen in furniture designs.[ citation needed ]

Some critics associated the style with dogmatic Marxism or Capitalism, seeing in the buildings a reflection of the mass-produced values that comes with a focus on economy rather than craftsmanship.[ citation needed ]

Dutch East Indies

The Netherlands Trading Society office building in Batavia, now Mandiri Museum COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Luchtfoto van het gebouw van de NHM in Djakarta Kota TMnr 60054793.jpg
The Netherlands Trading Society office building in Batavia, now Mandiri Museum

By the end of the 1920s, Nieuwe Zakelijkheid had become popular in the Dutch East Indies. The style was slightly conformed to the tropical climate of Indonesia with the addition of the 'double facade' concept, a typical element of tropical Indische architecture. The earliest example of this is the office of the Netherlands Trading Society building (1929) in Batavia, Dutch East Indies now Mandiri Museum, built under a well-planned spatial planning around the station square Stationsplein of Kota Station, a sample of pre-World War II urban planning which for Southeast Asia was completely unprecedented. Other notable examples are Palembang City Hall (Snuyf, 1928-1931, nicknamed Gedung Ledeng, Indonesian "plumb building") and Kota Post Office Building (Baumgartner, 1929). [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jakarta Kota railway station</span> Railway station in Indonesia

Jakarta Kota Station is a railway station, located in the old city core of Kota, Jakarta, Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kota Tua Jakarta</span> Historic downtown of northwest Jakarta, Indonesia

Kota Tua Jakarta, officially known as Kota Tua, is a neighborhood comprising the original downtown area of Jakarta, Indonesia. It is also known as Oud Batavia, Benedenstad, or Kota Lama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Architecture of the Netherlands</span> Overview of architecture of the Nederlands originated during the Dutch empire

Dutch architecture has played an important role in the international discourse on architecture in three eras. The first of these was during the 17th century, when the Dutch empire was at the height of its power. The second was in the first half of the 20th century, during development of modernism. The third is not concluded and involves many contemporary Dutch architects who are achieving global prestige.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Landhuis</span> Colonial-style house and administrative heart

A landhuis is a Dutch colonial country house, often the administrative heart of a particuliere land or private domain in the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. Many country houses were built by the Dutch in other colonial settlements, such as Galle, Cape Town and Curaçao, but none as extensively or elaborately as in the Residency of Batavia. Much of Batavia's reputation as "Queen of the East" rested on the grandeur of these 18th-century mansions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colonial architecture in Jakarta</span>

Colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta include those that were constructed during the Dutch colonial period of Indonesia. The period succeeded the earlier period when Jakarta, governed by the Sultanate of Banten, were completely eradicated and replaced with a walled city of Batavia. The dominant styles of the colonial period can be divided into three periods: the Dutch Golden Age, the transitional style period, and Dutch modernism. Dutch colonial architecture in Jakarta is apparent in buildings such as houses or villas, churches, civic buildings, and offices, mostly concentrated in the administrative city of Central Jakarta and West Jakarta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toko Merah</span>

Toko Merah is a Dutch colonial landmark in Jakarta Old Town, Indonesia. Built in 1730, it is one of the oldest buildings in Jakarta. The building is located on the west side of the main canal Kali Besar. The building's red color contributes to its current name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pieter Adriaan Jacobus Moojen</span> Dutch painter

Pieter Adriaan Jacobus "Piet" Moojen was a Netherlands-Indies architect, painter and writer. He studied architecture and painting in Antwerp. He lived and worked in the Dutch East Indies from 1903 to 1929. He was one of the first architects to implement Modernism in the Dutch East Indies. Moojen became widely known for his work on the Dutch entry at the Paris Colonial Exposition in 1931. He was active as an architect between 1909 and 1931.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immanuel Church, Jakarta</span> Protestant church in Indonesia

Immanuel's Church is a Protestant church in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is considered one of the oldest churches in Indonesia. It stands on the corner of Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur and Jalan Pejambon, part of the 19th century's Weltevreden district, renamed and transformed into Gambir. The church is the only one in Jakarta that conducts some of its services in Dutch. It also performs services in Indonesian and English.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Indies architecture</span> Architectural style in Dutch East Indies

New Indies Style is a modern architectural style used in the Dutch East Indies between the late 19th century through pre-World War II 20th century. New Indies Style is basically early modern (western) architecture, which applies local architectural elements such as wide eaves or prominent roof as an attempt to conform with the tropical climate of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kologdam Building</span>

The Kologdam Building is a historic building in Bandung, Indonesia. In the 1920s, Kologdam Building was the main building for the Bandung Jaarbeurs, a complex of buildings and pavilions where annual trade was held. The building is currently a military complex for the Education and Training Command Headquarters of the Siliwangi Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cirebon City Hall</span> City hall in Cirebon City, Indonesia

Cirebon City Hall is a city hall in Cirebon City, Indonesia. The building shows implementation of the Dutch Amsterdam School Style in the colonial Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kota Post Office</span> Building in Jakarta, Indonesia

The Kota Post Office is a historic building in Kota, Jakarta, Indonesia; operated by Pos Indonesia. It was designed by Ir. R. Baumgartner in 1929 as the Post- en telegraaf kantoor. The building is one of the buildings in Fatahillah Square.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Javanese traditional house</span>

Javanese traditional house refers to the traditional vernacular houses of Javanese people in the island of Java, Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indies Empire architecture</span> Architectural style in Dutch East Indies

Indies Empire style is an architectural style that flourished in the colonial Dutch East Indies between the middle of the 18th century and the end of the 19th century. The style is an imitation of the neoclassical Empire Style which was popular in mid-19th-century France. Conformed to the tropical setting of Indonesia, the style became known in the Dutch East Indies as the Indies Empire style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Archives Building, Jakarta</span> Museum in Indonesia

The National Archives Building is the building of the Government Museum in Jakarta, Indonesia. The building, formerly a late 18th-century private residence of Governor-General Reinier de Klerk, is part of the cultural heritage of Jakarta. The house is an archetypal Indies-Style house of the earliest period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Han Groenewegen</span> Dutch architect

Johannes Martinus (Han) Groenewegen was a Dutch architect who was active in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, and subsequently, Indonesia from the 1920s to the 1960s.

Soejoedi Wirjoatmodjo was an architect in Indonesia who was active during the late 1960s and mid-1970s. In 1964, he was asked by President Sukarno to be the chief architect for national architectural projects in Jakarta. Soejoedi is considered the first native architect of the Post-Colonial period and is considered a proponent of modernist architects and designers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surabaya City Hall</span> City Hall in Surabaya, Indonesia

Surabaya City Hall is the administrative center of the city of Surabaya. The building was built by Cosman Citroen in the 1920s. The building is one of the example of 20th century buildings designed in a tropical-conscious climate of Indonesia, the style is known as the New Indies Style.

References

  1. There continues to be disagreement as to whether Bordewijk really "belonged" to that style. See Ralf Grüttemeier, "Bordewijk en de Nieuwe Zakelijkheid," in "Ralf Grüttemeier, 'Bordewijk en de Nieuwe Zakelijkheid' · DBNL". Tijdschrift voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde . 115: 334–55. 1999. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
  2. D. J. M. van der Voordt, Herman B. R. Wegen Architecture in Use page 56
  3. Dennis Sharp The Illustrated encyclopedia of architects and architecture 1991
  4. Van Der Voordt, D. J. M; Wegen, Herman B. R (2005). Architecture in use: An introduction to the programming, design and evaluation of buildings. ISBN   978-0-7506-6457-8.
  5. Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800-1950. Helmond: Gemeentemuseum Helmond. 1990. pp. 28–31. Retrieved March 30, 2015.